Tanach
Shir HaShirim 7:12-8:4 שיר השירים ז׳:י״ב-ח׳:ד׳
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
לְכָה דוֹדִי נֵצֵא הַשָּׂדֶה נָלִינָה בַּכְּפָרִֽים׃
Come, my beloved, let us go out to the field, let us lodge in the villages.
Come, my beloved, let us go out to the field, let us lodge in the villages.
Rashi
נלינה בכפרים. נלינה בכופרים בא ואראך בני עשו שהשפעת להם טובה וכופרים בך
Let us lodge in the villages. Let us lodge among the disbelievers [=כּוֹפְרִים. Come and I will show You Eisav’s descendants, upon whom You have lavished prosperity, but who do not believe in You.34Sifsei Chachomim amends Rashi’s text to read...“but let us go out to the field and I will show You Torah scholars who are occupied in the study of Torah amidst hardship.” (Sifsei Chachomim)
נַשְׁכִּימָה לַכְּרָמִים נִרְאֶה אִם־פָּֽרְחָה הַגֶּפֶן פִּתַּח הַסְּמָדַר הֵנֵצוּ הָרִמּוֹנִים שָׁם אֶתֵּן אֶת־דֹּדַי לָֽךְ׃
Let us rise early for the vineyards, let us see if the vine has blossomed, if the tender grapes have appeared, if the pomegranates are in bloom; there I will give my love to you.
Let us rise early for the vineyards, let us see if the vine has blossomed, if the tender grapes have appeared, if the pomegranates are in bloom; there I will give my love to you.
Rashi
נשכימה לכרמים. אלו בתי כנסיות ובתי מדרשות:
Let us rise early for the vineyards. These are the synagogues and the study halls.
נראה אם פרחה הגפן. אלו בעלי מקרא:
Let us see if the vine has blossomed. These are those who are versed in Scripture.
פתח הסמדר. כשהפרח נופל והענבים ניכרים הוא פתוח הסמדר ולהם דימה בעלי משנה שהם קרובים ליהנות מהם בהוראת התורה:
If the tender grapes have appeared. When the blossom falls off and the grapes are discernible, that is the appearance of the tender grapes. And he compares those versed in the Mishnah to them, because they are nearer [than those versed in Scripture] to derive pleasure35Alternatively, let us eat manna. “בכפרים” is derived from כפר [=frost] which is the manna’s description, in Shemos 16:14. Free us from having to earn a living and we will dedicate ourselves to you. (Tzror Hamor) in the instruction of the Torah.
הנצו הרמונים. כשהם גמורים והנץ שסביבותיהן נופל, הנצו נופל נצו ולהם דימה בעלי תלמוד שהן בחכמה גמורה וראויין להורות:
If the pomegranates are in bloom. When they are ripe, and the flower around them falls off; “הֵנֵצוּ” means “its flower falls off.” He compares those versed in the Talmud to them, for they are at the level of maturity in [Torah] wisdom that is worthy to teach.
שם אתן את דודי. שם אראך את כבודי וגודלי שבח בני ובנותי:
There I will give my love. There I will show You my honor and glory of my sons and daughters.36Than those who are versed in Scripture.
הַֽדּוּדָאִים נָֽתְנוּ־רֵיחַ וְעַל־פְּתָחֵינוּ כׇּל־מְגָדִים חֲדָשִׁים גַּם־יְשָׁנִים דּוֹדִי צָפַנְתִּי לָֽךְ׃
The baskets emit fragrance, and at our door are all luscious fruits, both new and old; my beloved, I have kept them for you.
The baskets emit fragrance, and at our door are all luscious fruits, both new and old; my beloved, I have kept them for you.
Rashi
הדודאים נתנו ריח. דודאי התאנים הטובות והרעות כענין שנאמר (ירמיה כד) הראני ה' והנה שני דודאי תאנים וגו' הדוד האחד טובות וגו' והדוד השני תאנים רעות מאד אשר לא תאכלנה אלו פושעי ישראל עכשיו שניהם נתנו ריח כולם מבקשים פניך:
The baskets emit fragrance. The baskets of the good and the bad figs, as the matter is stated, “Adonoy showed me, and behold, two baskets of figs, etc. one basket of very good figs, etc., and the other basket of very bad figs, which were inedible.”37Maseches Eruvin 21b. These are the sinners of Yisroel. Now, both of them emit their fragrance; they all seek Your countenance.
ועל פתחינו כל מגדים. יש בידינו שכר מצות הרבה:
And at our door are all luscious fruits. In our possession there is the reward for fulfilling many commandments.
חדשים גם ישנים. שחדשו סופרים עם הישנים שכתבת עלי:
Both new and old. Those which the Sages innovated, as well as the old ones, which You wrote for me.
צפנתי לך. לשמך ולעבודתך צפנתים בלבי, ד"א צפנתי להראות לך שקיימתם:
I have kept them for you. For Your Name and for Your service I have kept them in my heart. Another explanation, I kept them to show You that I have fulfilled them.
מִי יִתֶּנְךָ כְּאָח לִי יוֹנֵק שְׁדֵי אִמִּי אֶֽמְצָאֲךָ בַחוּץ אֶשָּׁקְךָ גַּם לֹא־יָבֻזוּ לִֽי׃
If only you were a brother to me, who had nursed at my mother’s bosom; when I would find you outside I would kiss you, and no one would scorn me.
If only you were a brother to me, who had nursed at my mother’s bosom; when I would find you outside I would kiss you, and no one would scorn me.
Rashi
מי יתנך כאח לי. שתבוא לנחמני כדרך שעשה יוסף לאחיו שגמלהו רעה ונאמר בו (בראשית נ') וינחם אותם:
If only you were a brother to me. That you would come to comfort me in the manner that Yoseif did to his brothers,1Alternatively, if only my desire that my relationship with God, i.e., to be near Him and to pursue His holiness were out of love, as one’s relatioship is with his brother. (Sforno) who did evil to him, and it is stated concerning him, “and he comforted them.”2The Gemara in Bechoros 8a states, that from the time of an apple tree’s blossoming until its fruits are ripened, a period of sixty days elapse. Accordingly, an apple represents the sixty masechtos incorporated into the Oral Law. Mount Sinai was suspended over Bnei Yisroel’s heads “like an apple” in order to arouse them to accept the Oral Law of the Torah. (Yosef Beor)
אמצאך בחוץ אשקך. אמצא נביאיך מדברים בשמך ואחבקם ואנשקם גם ידעתי כי לא יבוזו לי כי כדאי היא אהבתך שתהא אהובתך סובבת לחזר אחריה:
When I would find you outside I would kiss you. I would find Your prophets speaking in Your Name, and I would embrace them and kiss them; I also know that “no one would scorn me,” for Your love is worthy that Your beloved should go about in search of it.
אֶנְהָֽגְךָ אֲבִֽיאֲךָ אֶל־בֵּית אִמִּי תְּלַמְּדֵנִי אַשְׁקְךָ מִיַּיִן הָרֶקַח מֵעֲסִיס רִמֹּנִֽי׃
I would lead you, I would bring you to my mother’s house that you should teach me; I would give you spiced wine to drink, of the nectar of my pomegranate.
I would lead you, I would bring you to my mother’s house that you should teach me; I would give you spiced wine to drink, of the nectar of my pomegranate.
Rashi
אל בית אמי. בית המקדש:
To my mother’s house. The Beis Hamikdosh.
תלמדני. כאשר הורגלת לעשות באוהל מועד:
That you should teach me. As You were accustomed to do in the Tent of Meeting.
אשקך מיין הרקח. נסכים:
I would give you spiced wine to drink. Libations.
עסיס. יין מתוק:
Of the nectar. Sweet wine.
שְׂמֹאלוֹ תַּחַת רֹאשִׁי וִֽימִינוֹ תְּחַבְּקֵֽנִי׃
His left hand is under my head and his right hand embraces me.
His left hand is under my head and his right hand embraces me.
Rashi
שמאלו תחת ראשי:
His left hand is under my head, etc.
הִשְׁבַּעְתִּי אֶתְכֶם בְּנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלָ͏ִם מַה־תָּעִירוּ ׀ וּֽמַה־תְּעֹרְרוּ אֶת־הָאַהֲבָה עַד שֶׁתֶּחְפָּֽץ׃ {ס}
I bind you under oath daughters of Yerusholayim why should you cause hatred or disturb [this] love while it still pleases?
I bind you under oath daughters of Yerusholayim why should you cause hatred or disturb [this] love while it still pleases?
Rashi
השבעתי אתכם. עכשו כנסת ישראל מסבבת דבורה כלפי האומות אף על פי שאני קובלת ומתאוננ' דודי מחזיק בידי והוא לי למשען בגלותי לפיכך השבעתי אתכם:
I bind you under oath. Now the congregation of Yisroel addresses the nations, “Even though I complain and lament, my Beloved holds my hand, and He is my support in my exile; therefore, ‘I bind you under oath.’”
מה תעירו ומה תעוררו. כי לא יועיל לכם:
Why should you cause hatred or disturb. For it will be of no avail.
לכה דודי נצא השדה. דרשו רבותינו בעירובין אמרה כנסת ישראל רבונו של עולם אל תדינני כיושבי כרכים שיש בהם גזל ועריות אלא כיושבי פרזות שהם בעלי אומנות ועוסקין בתורה מתוך הדחק:
Come, my beloved, let us go out to the field. Our Rabbis expounded in [Maseches] Eruvin, that the congregation of Yisroel said, “Master of the Universe, do not judge me like dwellers of cities, where there is robbery and immorality, but32Below, verse 11. like the open village dwellers, who are craftsmen and are occupied in the study of Torah amidst hardship.”33Maseches Eruvin 21b.