Tanach
Shmuel I 30 שמואל א ל׳
Part of: Petuchah, I Samuel 30:26Setumah, I Samuel 30:1Setumah, I Samuel 30:7Setumah, I Samuel 30:13Setumah, I Samuel 30:22Setumah, I Samuel 30:23Setumah, I Samuel 30:25Setumah, I Samuel 30:27Setumah, I Samuel 30:27Setumah, I Samuel 30:27Setumah, I Samuel 30:28Setumah, I Samuel 30:28Setumah, I Samuel 30:28Setumah, I Samuel 30:29Setumah, I Samuel 30:29Setumah, I Samuel 30:29Setumah, I Samuel 30:30Setumah, I Samuel 30:30Setumah, I Samuel 30:30Setumah, I Samuel 30:31
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיְהִי בְּבֹא דָוִד וַאֲנָשָׁיו צִֽקְלַג בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי וַעֲמָלֵקִי פָֽשְׁטוּ אֶל־נֶגֶב וְאֶל־צִקְלַג וַיַּכּוּ אֶת־צִקְלַג וַיִּשְׂרְפוּ אֹתָהּ בָּאֵֽשׁ׃
And it was when Dovid and his men came to Tziklag on the third day, the Amalekites had raided the south and Tziklag. They had attacked Tziklag and they set it on fire.
And it was when Dovid and his men came to Tziklag on the third day, the Amalekites had raided the south and Tziklag. They had attacked Tziklag and they set it on fire.
וַיִּשְׁבּוּ אֶת־הַנָּשִׁים אֲשֶׁר־בָּהּ מִקָּטֹן וְעַד־גָּדוֹל לֹא הֵמִיתוּ אִישׁ וַיִּֽנְהֲגוּ וַיֵּלְכוּ לְדַרְכָּֽם׃
They had taken captive—the women in it—young and old, without killing anyone; they carried them off and went on their way.
They had taken captive—the women in it—young and old, without killing anyone; they carried them off and went on their way.
וַיָּבֹא דָוִד וַאֲנָשָׁיו אֶל־הָעִיר וְהִנֵּה שְׂרוּפָה בָּאֵשׁ וּנְשֵׁיהֶם וּבְנֵיהֶם וּבְנֹתֵיהֶם נִשְׁבּֽוּ׃
When Dovid and his men came to the city, behold, it had been set on fire; and their wives, sons and daughters had been taken captive.
When Dovid and his men came to the city, behold, it had been set on fire; and their wives, sons and daughters had been taken captive.
וַיִּשָּׂא דָוִד וְהָעָם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּוֹ אֶת־קוֹלָם וַיִּבְכּוּ עַד אֲשֶׁר אֵין־בָּהֶם כֹּחַ לִבְכּֽוֹת׃
Dovid and the people who were with him raised their voices and wept, until they had no strength to weep.
Dovid and the people who were with him raised their voices and wept, until they had no strength to weep.
וּשְׁתֵּי נְשֵׁי־דָוִד נִשְׁבּוּ אֲחִינֹעַם הַיִּזְרְעֵלִית וַאֲבִיגַיִל אֵשֶׁת נָבָל הַֽכַּרְמְלִֽי׃
Both of Dovid's wives had been taken captive; Achinoam the Yezre'elite and Avigayil, the Carmelite, the [former] wife of Novol.
Both of Dovid's wives had been taken captive; Achinoam the Yezre'elite and Avigayil, the Carmelite, the [former] wife of Novol.
וַתֵּצֶר לְדָוִד מְאֹד כִּֽי־אָמְרוּ הָעָם לְסׇקְלוֹ כִּי־מָרָה נֶפֶשׁ כׇּל־הָעָם אִישׁ עַל־בָּנָו וְעַל־בְּנֹתָיו וַיִּתְחַזֵּק דָּוִד בַּיהֹוָה אֱלֹהָֽיו׃ {ס}
Dovid was very distressed, because the people spoke of stoning him, for the soul of all the people was embittered, each man over [the loss of] his sons and his daughters; but Dovid found strength in Adonoy his God.
Dovid was very distressed, because the people spoke of stoning him, for the soul of all the people was embittered, each man over [the loss of] his sons and his daughters; but Dovid found strength in Adonoy his God.
וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִד אֶל־אֶבְיָתָר הַכֹּהֵן בֶּן־אֲחִימֶלֶךְ הַגִּֽישָׁה־נָּא לִי הָאֵפוֹד וַיַּגֵּשׁ אֶבְיָתָר אֶת־הָאֵפוֹד אֶל־דָּוִֽד׃
Dovid said to Evyosor the kohein, the son of Achimelech, "Please, bring me the eiphod," so Evyosor brought the eiphod to Dovid.
Dovid said to Evyosor the kohein, the son of Achimelech, "Please, bring me the eiphod," so Evyosor brought the eiphod to Dovid.
וַיִּשְׁאַל דָּוִד בַּֽיהֹוָה לֵאמֹר אֶרְדֹּף אַחֲרֵי הַגְּדוּד־הַזֶּה הַאַשִּׂגֶנּוּ וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ רְדֹף כִּֽי־הַשֵּׂג תַּשִּׂיג וְהַצֵּל תַּצִּֽיל׃
Dovid inquired of Adonoy, saying, "Shall I pursue this raiding party? Will I overtake it?" And He said to him, "Pursue, for you will surely overtake them and you will certainly rescue [the captives]."
Dovid inquired of Adonoy, saying, "Shall I pursue this raiding party? Will I overtake it?" And He said to him, "Pursue, for you will surely overtake them and you will certainly rescue [the captives]."
וַיֵּלֶךְ דָּוִד הוּא וְשֵׁשׁ־מֵאוֹת אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר אִתּוֹ וַיָּבֹאוּ עַד־נַחַל הַבְּשׂוֹר וְהַנּוֹתָרִים עָמָֽדוּ׃
Dovid went, he and the six hundred men who were with him, and they came to the Nachal Besor, where some of them remained behind.
Dovid went, he and the six hundred men who were with him, and they came to the Nachal Besor, where some of them remained behind.
Rashi
והנותרים עמדו. כשהגיעו לנחל הבשור, היו בהם עייפים, ונותרו שם מקצתן:
Some of them remained behind. When they reached the Nachal Besor, there were among them some who were faint, and some of those remained there.
וַיִּרְדֹּף דָּוִד הוּא וְאַרְבַּע־מֵאוֹת אִישׁ וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ מָאתַיִם אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר פִּגְּרוּ מֵעֲבֹר אֶת־נַחַל הַבְּשֽׂוֹר׃
Dovid pursued—he together with four hundred men—while two hundred men remained, who were too exhausted to cross the Nachal Besor.
Dovid pursued—he together with four hundred men—while two hundred men remained, who were too exhausted to cross the Nachal Besor.
Rashi
אשר פגרו. אשר נמנעו, ואומר אני לשון ארמי הוא, תרגום של ונהרסו:
Who were too exhausted. Who refrained; and I say that this is Aramaic, the translation of וְנֶהֶרְסוּ1Yechezkeil 30:4. [=and they will be destroyed].
וַֽיִּמְצְאוּ אִישׁ־מִצְרִי בַּשָּׂדֶה וַיִּקְחוּ אֹתוֹ אֶל־דָּוִד וַיִּתְּנוּ־לוֹ לֶחֶם וַיֹּאכַל וַיַּשְׁקֻהוּ מָֽיִם׃
They found an Egyptian man in the field and took him to Dovid. They gave him bread and he ate, and they gave him water to drink.
They found an Egyptian man in the field and took him to Dovid. They gave him bread and he ate, and they gave him water to drink.
וַיִּתְּנוּ־לוֹ פֶלַח דְּבֵלָה וּשְׁנֵי צִמֻּקִים וַיֹּאכַל וַתָּשׇׁב רוּחוֹ אֵלָיו כִּי לֹא־אָכַל לֶחֶם וְלֹא־שָׁתָה מַיִם שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים וּשְׁלֹשָׁה לֵילֽוֹת׃ {ס}
They gave him a cake of pressed figs and two clusters of raisins. He ate, and he came to himself, for he had neither eaten bread nor drunk water for three days and three nights.
They gave him a cake of pressed figs and two clusters of raisins. He ate, and he came to himself, for he had neither eaten bread nor drunk water for three days and three nights.
וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ דָוִד לְֽמִי־אַתָּה וְאֵי מִזֶּה אָתָּה וַיֹּאמֶר נַעַר מִצְרִי אָנֹכִי עֶבֶד לְאִישׁ עֲמָלֵקִי וַיַּעַזְבֵנִי אֲדֹנִי כִּי חָלִיתִי הַיּוֹם שְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃
Dovid said to him, "To whom do you belong and from where are you?" He said, "I am an Egyptian youth, the slave of an Amaleikite man. My master abandoned me because I have been ill for three days now.
Dovid said to him, "To whom do you belong and from where are you?" He said, "I am an Egyptian youth, the slave of an Amaleikite man. My master abandoned me because I have been ill for three days now.
אֲנַחְנוּ פָּשַׁטְנוּ נֶגֶב הַכְּרֵתִי וְעַל־אֲשֶׁר לִיהוּדָה וְעַל־נֶגֶב כָּלֵב וְאֶת־צִֽקְלַג שָׂרַפְנוּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃
We raided the south of the Kerethite and the territory of Yehudoh, and the south of Caleiv, and Tziklag we set on fire."
We raided the south of the Kerethite and the territory of Yehudoh, and the south of Caleiv, and Tziklag we set on fire."
Rashi
נגב הכרתי. לדרום של פלשתים, מצינו במקום אחר פלשתים נקראים גוי כרתים, (צפניה ב ה): יושבי חבל הים גוי כרתים:
South of the Kerethite. To the south of the Philistines. We find elsewhere the Philistines being called the כְּרֵתִים nation [in] "the inhabitants of the seacoast the nation of כְּרֵתִים."2Tzephanyoh 2:5.
וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו דָּוִד הֲתוֹרִדֵנִי אֶל־הַגְּדוּד הַזֶּה וַיֹּאמֶר הִשָּׁבְעָה לִּי בֵאלֹהִים אִם־תְּמִיתֵנִי וְאִם־תַּסְגִּרֵנִי בְּיַד־אֲדֹנִי וְאוֹרִֽדְךָ אֶל־הַגְּדוּד הַזֶּֽה׃
Dovid said to him, "Will you take me down to this raiding party?" He replied, "Swear to me by God that you will neither kill me nor hand me over to my master, and I will take you down to this raiding party."
Dovid said to him, "Will you take me down to this raiding party?" He replied, "Swear to me by God that you will neither kill me nor hand me over to my master, and I will take you down to this raiding party."
וַיֹּרִדֵהוּ וְהִנֵּה נְטֻשִׁים עַל־פְּנֵי כׇל־הָאָרֶץ אֹכְלִים וְשֹׁתִים וְחֹגְגִים בְּכֹל הַשָּׁלָל הַגָּדוֹל אֲשֶׁר לָקְחוּ מֵאֶרֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּים וּמֵאֶרֶץ יְהוּדָֽה׃
He took him down and behold, they had spread across the entire land, eating, drinking and celebrating with all the great spoils which they had taken from the land of the Philistines and the land of Yehudoh.
He took him down and behold, they had spread across the entire land, eating, drinking and celebrating with all the great spoils which they had taken from the land of the Philistines and the land of Yehudoh.
וַיַּכֵּם דָּוִד מֵהַנֶּשֶׁף וְעַד־הָעֶרֶב לְמׇחֳרָתָם וְלֹא־נִמְלַט מֵהֶם אִישׁ כִּי אִם־אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת אִֽישׁ־נַעַר אֲשֶׁר־רָכְבוּ עַל־הַגְּמַלִּים וַיָּנֻֽסוּ׃
Dovid attacked them from dusk until the evening of the next day; not one of them escaped, except four hundred youths who rode camels and fled.
Dovid attacked them from dusk until the evening of the next day; not one of them escaped, except four hundred youths who rode camels and fled.
Rashi
למחרתם. למודים הם עמלקים ללקות ביום מחר, כמו שנאמר (שמות יז ט): מחר אנכי נצב וגו', לכך נאמר למחרתם:
Of the next day. The Amaleikites are accustomed to being defeated on the second day [of battle], as it is stated, "tomorrow I will stand…"3Shemos 17:9. Therefore, it states, "on the(ir) next day."
וַיַּצֵּל דָּוִד אֵת כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר לָקְחוּ עֲמָלֵק וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּי נָשָׁיו הִצִּיל דָּוִֽד׃
Dovid recovered everything that Amaleik had taken, and Dovid rescued his two wives.
Dovid recovered everything that Amaleik had taken, and Dovid rescued his two wives.
וְלֹא נֶעְדַּר־לָהֶם מִן־הַקָּטֹן וְעַד־הַגָּדוֹל וְעַד־בָּנִים וּבָנוֹת וּמִשָּׁלָל וְעַד כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר לָקְחוּ לָהֶם הַכֹּל הֵשִׁיב דָּוִֽד׃
Nothing of theirs was missing, from small to great, sons and daughters, not the spoils, or anything they had taken for themselves; Dovid returned everything.
Nothing of theirs was missing, from small to great, sons and daughters, not the spoils, or anything they had taken for themselves; Dovid returned everything.
וַיִּקַּח דָּוִד אֶת־כׇּל־הַצֹּאן וְהַבָּקָר נָהֲגוּ לִפְנֵי הַמִּקְנֶה הַהוּא וַיֹּאמְרוּ זֶה שְׁלַל דָּוִֽד׃
Then Dovid took all the sheep and cattle; they led them in front of the livestock and said, "This is Dovid's booty."
Then Dovid took all the sheep and cattle; they led them in front of the livestock and said, "This is Dovid's booty."
Rashi
את כל הצאן והבקר. ששבה הגדוד מנגב יהודה ומנגב כלב:
All the sheep and cattle. Which the troop had captured from the south of Yehudah and from the south of Caleiv.
נהגו. אנשים מנהיגים והולכים לפני המקנה ההוא, להתכבד ולהתהלל, זה שלל דוד:
They led. Men who were leading and marching before those cattle, to honor and praise themselves,4Some suggest that the men did this to publicize Dovid’s sovereignty. [by declaring,] 'This is Dovid's spoil.'
וַיָּבֹא דָוִד אֶל־מָאתַיִם הָאֲנָשִׁים אֲשֶֽׁר־פִּגְּרוּ ׀ מִלֶּכֶת ׀ אַחֲרֵי דָוִד וַיֹּֽשִׁיבֻם בְּנַחַל הַבְּשׂוֹר וַיֵּֽצְאוּ לִקְרַאת דָּוִד וְלִקְרַאת הָעָם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּוֹ וַיִּגַּשׁ דָּוִד אֶת־הָעָם וַיִּשְׁאַל לָהֶם לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ {ס}
Dovid came to the two hundred men who were too exhausted to go follow after Dovid, whom he had left at the Nachal Besor. They went out to meet Dovid and to meet the people who were with him. Dovid approached the people and inquired after their welfare.
Dovid came to the two hundred men who were too exhausted to go follow after Dovid, whom he had left at the Nachal Besor. They went out to meet Dovid and to meet the people who were with him. Dovid approached the people and inquired after their welfare.
וַיַּעַן כׇּל־אִֽישׁ־רָע וּבְלִיַּעַל מֵהָאֲנָשִׁים אֲשֶׁר הָלְכוּ עִם־דָּוִד וַיֹּאמְרוּ יַעַן אֲשֶׁר לֹא־הָלְכוּ עִמִּי לֹא־נִתֵּן לָהֶם מֵהַשָּׁלָל אֲשֶׁר הִצַּלְנוּ כִּֽי־אִם־אִישׁ אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאֶת־בָּנָיו וְיִנְהֲגוּ וְיֵלֵֽכוּ׃ {ס}
They spoke up—every evil and wicked person of the men who had gone with Dovid and said, "Because they did not go with me, we will not give them of the spoils that we recovered, except for each man's wife and his children; let them lead them away and go."
They spoke up—every evil and wicked person of the men who had gone with Dovid and said, "Because they did not go with me, we will not give them of the spoils that we recovered, except for each man's wife and his children; let them lead them away and go."
וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִד לֹא־תַעֲשׂוּ כֵן אֶחָי אֵת אֲשֶׁר־נָתַן יְהֹוָה לָנוּ וַיִּשְׁמֹר אֹתָנוּ וַיִּתֵּן אֶֽת־הַגְּדוּד הַבָּא עָלֵינוּ בְּיָדֵֽנוּ׃
Dovid said, "My brothers, do not do so, with that which Adonoy has given us; He protected us and delivered the raiding party who came against us into our hand.
Dovid said, "My brothers, do not do so, with that which Adonoy has given us; He protected us and delivered the raiding party who came against us into our hand.
וּמִי יִשְׁמַע לָכֶם לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה כִּי כְּחֵלֶק ׀ הַיֹּרֵד בַּמִּלְחָמָה וּֽכְחֵלֶק הַיֹּשֵׁב עַל־הַכֵּלִים יַחְדָּו יַחֲלֹֽקוּ׃ {ס}
Who will listen to you concerning this matter? For as the share of the one that goes down into battle, so is the share of the one who stays with the equipment; they shall share equally."
Who will listen to you concerning this matter? For as the share of the one that goes down into battle, so is the share of the one who stays with the equipment; they shall share equally."
וַיְהִי מֵהַיּוֹם הַהוּא וָמָעְלָה וַיְשִׂמֶהָ לְחֹק וּלְמִשְׁפָּט לְיִשְׂרָאֵל עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ {פ}
From that day on, he made this a statute and a law for Yisroel, until this day.
From that day on, he made this a statute and a law for Yisroel, until this day.
Rashi
מהיום ההוא ומעלה. לא נאמר והלאה, אלא ומעלה, כבר הנהיג אברהם בחוק זה (בראשית יד כד): 'בלעדי רק אשר אכלו הנערים' וגו', הם היושבים על הכלים, 'וחלק האנשים', ההולכים במלחמה בבראשית רבה (מג ט):
From that day on. [Literally 'from that day and above']. It is not stated: "[from that day] on" but "[from that day] and above [=before]." Avrohom had already instituted this statute [when he said,] "Only what the lads have eaten,"5Bereishis 14:24, where it is stated that Avrohom distributed shares of the spoils of war to those who stayed behind and guarded the equipment. those are the ones who stayed with the equipment, "and the portion of the men"6Ibid. who went to war. In Breishis Raboh.
וַיָּבֹא דָוִד אֶל־צִקְלַג וַיְשַׁלַּח מֵהַשָּׁלָל לְזִקְנֵי יְהוּדָה לְרֵעֵהוּ לֵאמֹר הִנֵּה לָכֶם בְּרָכָה מִשְּׁלַל אֹיְבֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃ {ס}
When Dovid came to Tziklag, he sent of the spoils to the elders of Yehudoh, to his allies, saying, "Here is a present for you, from the spoils of the enemies of Adonoy."
When Dovid came to Tziklag, he sent of the spoils to the elders of Yehudoh, to his allies, saying, "Here is a present for you, from the spoils of the enemies of Adonoy."
Rashi
לרעהו. לאוהביו:
To his allies. To his friends.
לַאֲשֶׁר בְּבֵֽית־אֵל {ס} וְלַאֲשֶׁר בְּרָמֽוֹת־נֶגֶב {ס} וְלַאֲשֶׁר בְּיַתִּֽר׃ {ס}
[He sent booty] to those in Beis Eil, to those in Ramos Negev, to those in Yattir.
[He sent booty] to those in Beis Eil, to those in Ramos Negev, to those in Yattir.
וְלַאֲשֶׁר בַּעֲרֹעֵר {ס} וְלַאֲשֶׁר בְּשִֽׂפְמוֹת {ס} וְלַאֲשֶׁר בְּאֶשְׁתְּמֹֽעַ׃ {ס}
To those in Aroe'er, to those in Siphmos, to those in Eshtemo'a.
To those in Aroe'er, to those in Siphmos, to those in Eshtemo'a.
וְלַאֲשֶׁר בְּרָכָל {ס} וְלַֽאֲשֶׁר בְּעָרֵי הַיְּרַחְמְאֵלִי {ס} וְלַאֲשֶׁר בְּעָרֵי הַקֵּינִֽי׃ {ס}
To those in Rochol, to those in the Yerachme'elite cities, to those in the Kenite cities.
To those in Rochol, to those in the Yerachme'elite cities, to those in the Kenite cities.
וְלַאֲשֶׁר בְּחׇרְמָה {ס} וְלַאֲשֶׁר בְּבוֹר־עָשָׁן {ס} וְלַאֲשֶׁר בַּעֲתָֽךְ׃ {ס}
To those in Chormoh, to those in Bechor Oshon, and to those in Asoch.
To those in Chormoh, to those in Bechor Oshon, and to those in Asoch.
וְלַאֲשֶׁר בְּחֶבְרוֹן וּֽלְכׇל־הַמְּקֹמוֹת אֲשֶֽׁר־הִתְהַלֶּךְ־שָׁם דָּוִד הוּא וַאֲנָשָֽׁיו׃ {פ}
To those in Chevron, and to all those places where Dovid had gone—he and his men.
To those in Chevron, and to all those places where Dovid had gone—he and his men.
Rashi
אשר התהלך שם דוד. שהיו מחבאים אותו מפני שאול:
Where Dovid [and his men] had gone. For they would hide him from Shaul.
ויבואו עד נחל הבשור. שש מאות איש:
And they came to the Nachal Besor. [The] six hundred men.