Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi

12:1

וַיִּשְׁלַח יְהֹוָה אֶת־נָתָן אֶל־דָּוִד וַיָּבֹא אֵלָיו וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ שְׁנֵי אֲנָשִׁים הָיוּ בְּעִיר אֶחָת אֶחָד עָשִׁיר וְאֶחָד רָֽאשׁ׃

Adonoy sent Noson to Dovid. He came to him and said to him, "Two men were in the [same] one city, one rich and one poor.

Adonoy sent Noson to Dovid. He came to him and said to him, "Two men were in the [same] one city, one rich and one poor.

12:2

לְעָשִׁיר הָיָה צֹאן וּבָקָר הַרְבֵּה מְאֹֽד׃

The rich one possesed very many flocks and cattle.

The rich one possesed very many flocks and cattle.

12:3

וְלָרָשׁ אֵֽין־כֹּל כִּי אִם־כִּבְשָׂה אַחַת קְטַנָּה אֲשֶׁר קָנָה וַיְחַיֶּהָ וַתִּגְדַּל עִמּוֹ וְעִם־בָּנָיו יַחְדָּו מִפִּתּוֹ תֹאכַל וּמִכֹּסוֹ תִשְׁתֶּה וּבְחֵיקוֹ תִשְׁכָּב וַתְּהִי־לוֹ כְּבַֽת׃

The poor one had nothing but one little lamb that he had bought and nourished it and it grew up with him and his sons together. It ate from his bread and drank from his cup and slept in his bosom and was like a daughter to him.

The poor one had nothing but one little lamb that he had bought and nourished it and it grew up with him and his sons together. It ate from his bread and drank from his cup and slept in his bosom and was like a daughter to him.

12:4

וַיָּבֹא הֵלֶךְ לְאִישׁ הֶעָשִׁיר וַיַּחְמֹל לָקַחַת מִצֹּאנוֹ וּמִבְּקָרוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת לָאֹרֵחַ הַבָּא־לוֹ וַיִּקַּח אֶת־כִּבְשַׂת הָאִישׁ הָרָאשׁ וַֽיַּעֲשֶׂהָ לָאִישׁ הַבָּא אֵלָֽיו׃

A traveler came to the rich man, [who] had pity and took from his flocks and his cattle to make [a meal] for the guest that had come to him. He took the poor man's lamb and made it [a meal] for the man that had come to him.

A traveler came to the rich man, [who] had pity and took from his flocks and his cattle to make [a meal] for the guest that had come to him. He took the poor man's lamb and made it [a meal] for the man that had come to him.

Rashi

ויבא הלך. דימה את יצר הרע תחלה להלך, שעובר לדרכו, ואחר כך לאורח, שנעשה אכסנאי, ואחר כך לאיש, שהוא בעל הבית:

A traveler came. [Noson] compared the evil inclination at first to a sojourner that is [quickly] going on his way. Afterwords he is compared to a guest that has become a resident and afterwords he is compared to a man who is the owner of the house.1This verse is Noson’s parable alluding to the evil inclination. The visiton is first referred to as הֵלֶךְ, then אׂרֵחַ and finally as an אִישׁ, representing the evil inclination’s ability to take more and more control over its victim’s life.

12:5

וַיִּחַר־אַף דָּוִד בָּאִישׁ מְאֹד וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־נָתָן חַי־יְהֹוָה כִּי בֶן־מָוֶת הָאִישׁ הָעֹשֶׂה זֹֽאת׃

Dovid became very angry with the man and he said to Noson, "[By] the life of God, the man who does this is worthy of death.

Dovid became very angry with the man and he said to Noson, "[By] the life of God, the man who does this is worthy of death.

Rashi

כי בן מות. הגוזל את העני, כאלו נוטל את נפשו, שנאמר (משלי א יט): את נפש בעליו יקח:

Is worthy of death. Someone who steals from a poor person is tantamount to taking his life2See Baba Kama 119a. Stealing a pruta from anyone is tantamount to killing him. as it is said, "He has taken it's owner's life."3Mishlei 1:19.

12:6

וְאֶת־הַכִּבְשָׂה יְשַׁלֵּם אַרְבַּעְתָּיִם עֵקֶב אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה וְעַל אֲשֶׁר לֹא־חָמָֽל׃ {ס}        

And for the lamb he should pay fourfold because he did this thing and because he had no pity."

And for the lamb he should pay fourfold because he did this thing and because he had no pity."

Rashi

ישלם ארבעתים. כך אירע לו, שלקה בארבעה בנים, הילד ואמנון תמר ואבשלום:

Pay fourfold. This is what [eventually] happened, he was punished with [problems concerning] four children the child4Related further on in verse 15. and Amnon Tomor and Avsholom.5The events with Amnon, Tomor and Avsholom start in chapter 13.

12:7

וַיֹּאמֶר נָתָן אֶל־דָּוִד אַתָּה הָאִישׁ {ס}        כֹּה־אָמַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אָנֹכִי מְשַׁחְתִּיךָֽ לְמֶלֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָנֹכִי הִצַּלְתִּיךָ מִיַּד שָׁאֽוּל׃

Noson said to Dovid, "You are that man. Thus said God, the God of Yisroel, 'I have anointed you king over Yisroel and I have saved you from the hand of Shaul.

Noson said to Dovid, "You are that man. Thus said God, the God of Yisroel, 'I have anointed you king over Yisroel and I have saved you from the hand of Shaul.

12:8

וָאֶתְּנָה לְךָ אֶת־בֵּית אֲדֹנֶיךָ וְאֶת־נְשֵׁי אֲדֹנֶיךָ בְּחֵיקֶךָ וָאֶתְּנָה לְךָ אֶת־בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוּדָה וְאִם־מְעָט וְאֹסִפָה לְּךָ כָּהֵנָּה וְכָהֵֽנָּה׃

I have given you your master's house and your master's woman in your bosom. I have given you the house of Yisroel and Yehudah if this is [too] little I will add on for you like this and like this.

I have given you your master's house and your master's woman in your bosom. I have given you the house of Yisroel and Yehudah if this is [too] little I will add on for you like this and like this.

Rashi

ואת נשי אדוניך. מיכל בת שאול:

Your master's woman. Michal, the daughter of Shaul.

ואסיפה. והייתי מוסיף לך:

I will add on. I would add on for you.

12:9

מַדּוּעַ בָּזִיתָ ׀ אֶת־דְּבַר יְהֹוָה לַעֲשׂוֹת הָרַע (בעינו) [בְּעֵינַי] אֵת אוּרִיָּה הַחִתִּי הִכִּיתָ בַחֶרֶב וְאֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ לָקַחְתָּ לְּךָ לְאִשָּׁה וְאֹתוֹ הָרַגְתָּ בְּחֶרֶב בְּנֵי עַמּֽוֹן׃

Why did you desecrate the word of God to do [what's] bad in his eyes? You struck [down] Urioh the Chitite with the sword and his wife you took as a wife for yourself. Him, you killed with the sword of the people of Amon.

Why did you desecrate the word of God to do [what's] bad in his eyes? You struck [down] Urioh the Chitite with the sword and his wife you took as a wife for yourself. Him, you killed with the sword of the people of Amon.

12:10

וְעַתָּה לֹא־תָסוּר חֶרֶב מִבֵּיתְךָ עַד־עוֹלָם עֵקֶב כִּי בְזִתָנִי וַתִּקַּח אֶת־אֵשֶׁת אוּרִיָּה הַחִתִּי לִהְיוֹת לְךָ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ {ס}        

And now the sword will never cease from your house on account of you having degraded Me, and you have taken the wife of Urioh, the Chitite to be for you as a wife.

And now the sword will never cease from your house on account of you having degraded Me, and you have taken the wife of Urioh, the Chitite to be for you as a wife.

12:11

כֹּה ׀ אָמַר יְהֹוָה הִנְנִי מֵקִים עָלֶיךָ רָעָה מִבֵּיתֶךָ וְלָקַחְתִּי אֶת־נָשֶׁיךָ לְעֵינֶיךָ וְנָתַתִּי לְרֵעֶיךָ וְשָׁכַב עִם־נָשֶׁיךָ לְעֵינֵי הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ הַזֹּֽאת׃

Thus said God, I will cause evil to you from your [own] house, I will take your wives [in front of] your eyes and I will give [them] to your friend. He will lay with your wives in the eyes [sight] of this sun.

Thus said God, I will cause evil to you from your [own] house, I will take your wives [in front of] your eyes and I will give [them] to your friend. He will lay with your wives in the eyes [sight] of this sun.

12:12

כִּי אַתָּה עָשִׂיתָ בַסָּתֶר וַאֲנִי אֶֽעֱשֶׂה אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה נֶגֶד כׇּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וְנֶגֶד הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ {ס}        

Because you have done [your misdeed] clandestinely I will do this thing in front of all Yisroel and in front of the sun.' "

Because you have done [your misdeed] clandestinely I will do this thing in front of all Yisroel and in front of the sun.' "

12:13

וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִד אֶל־נָתָן חָטָאתִי לַיהֹוָה {ס}        וַיֹּאמֶר נָתָן אֶל־דָּוִד גַּם־יְהֹוָה הֶעֱבִיר חַטָּאתְךָ לֹא תָמֽוּת׃

Dovid said to Noson, "I have sinned [against] Adonoy." Noson said to Dovid, "Adonoy has also removed your sin, you shall not die.

Dovid said to Noson, "I have sinned [against] Adonoy." Noson said to Dovid, "Adonoy has also removed your sin, you shall not die.

12:14

אֶפֶס כִּֽי־נִאֵץ נִאַצְתָּ אֶת־אֹיְבֵי יְהֹוָה בַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה גַּם הַבֵּן הַיִּלּוֹד לְךָ מוֹת יָמֽוּת׃

Because [You have angered] the enemies of Adonoy [through] this affair, the son born to you will also die:

Because [You have angered] the enemies of Adonoy [through] this affair, the son born to you will also die:

Rashi

כי נאץ נאצת את אויבי. כנוי הוא זה, דרך כבוד למעלה ויונתן תרגם: ארי מיפתח פתחתא פומא דסנאי עמא דה':

Because you have angered the enemies of Adonoy. This is a euphimism a way [to be] respectable to on High.6Using “enemies of God” to stand in for God in order for the word “angered” not to have to be applied to Him in a direct way. Yonasan translated, Because you have opened up you have opened the mouth of [those] who hate the people of God.

12:15

וַיֵּלֶךְ נָתָן אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ וַיִּגֹּף יְהֹוָה אֶת־הַיֶּלֶד אֲשֶׁר יָלְדָה אֵשֶׁת־אוּרִיָּה לְדָוִד וַיֵּאָנַֽשׁ׃

Noson went [back] to his house. and Adonoy struck the boy that the wife of Urioh bore to Dovid and he became sick.

Noson went [back] to his house. and Adonoy struck the boy that the wife of Urioh bore to Dovid and he became sick.

Rashi

ויאנש. לשון חולי:

[He became sick.] [This word] denotes sickness.

12:16

וַיְבַקֵּשׁ דָּוִד אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים בְּעַד הַנָּעַר וַיָּצׇם דָּוִד צוֹם וּבָא וְלָן וְשָׁכַב אָֽרְצָה׃

Dovid supplicated Elokim on behalf of the boy. Dovid fasted and came to repose and lied on the ground.

Dovid supplicated Elokim on behalf of the boy. Dovid fasted and came to repose and lied on the ground.

Rashi

ובא ולן ושכב ארצה. ובא הבית, ולן בלילה שוכב לארץ:

And came to repose and lied on the ground. And came [back] to the house and reposed at night lying on the ground.

12:17

וַיָּקֻמוּ זִקְנֵי בֵיתוֹ עָלָיו לַהֲקִימוֹ מִן־הָאָרֶץ וְלֹא אָבָה וְלֹא־בָרָא אִתָּם לָֽחֶם׃

The elders of his house went to him to get him up from the ground. He did not want [to] and he did not eat bread with them.

The elders of his house went to him to get him up from the ground. He did not want [to] and he did not eat bread with them.

Rashi

ולא ברה. לשון אכילה, כמו (לקמן יג ו): ואברה מידה:

And he did not eat. [A word] denoting eating like [we find], "I will eat from her hand."7Later, 13:6.

12:18

וַיְהִי בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וַיָּמׇת הַיָּלֶד וַיִּֽרְאוּ עַבְדֵי דָוִד לְהַגִּיד לוֹ ׀ כִּי־מֵת הַיֶּלֶד כִּי אָֽמְרוּ הִנֵּה בִֽהְיוֹת הַיֶּלֶד חַי דִּבַּרְנוּ אֵלָיו וְלֹא־שָׁמַע בְּקוֹלֵנוּ וְאֵיךְ נֹאמַר אֵלָיו מֵת הַיֶּלֶד וְעָשָׂה רָעָֽה׃

On the seventh day, the boy died. Dovid's servants were afraid to tell him that the boy had died because they [reasoned and] said, "When the boy was alive, we spoke to him [Dovid] and he did not heed our voice. How are we going to say to him, 'The boy died'? He will do [something] bad [to himself]."

On the seventh day, the boy died. Dovid's servants were afraid to tell him that the boy had died because they [reasoned and] said, "When the boy was alive, we spoke to him [Dovid] and he did not heed our voice. How are we going to say to him, 'The boy died'? He will do [something] bad [to himself]."

12:19

וַיַּרְא דָּוִד כִּי עֲבָדָיו מִֽתְלַחֲשִׁים וַיָּבֶן דָּוִד כִּי מֵת הַיָּלֶד וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִד אֶל־עֲבָדָיו הֲמֵת הַיֶּלֶד וַיֹּאמְרוּ מֵֽת׃

Dovid saw that his servants were whispering, Dovid understood that the boy had died. Dovid said to his servants, "Did the boy die?" They said [in reply], "He died."

Dovid saw that his servants were whispering, Dovid understood that the boy had died. Dovid said to his servants, "Did the boy die?" They said [in reply], "He died."

12:20

וַיָּקׇם דָּוִד מֵהָאָרֶץ וַיִּרְחַץ וַיָּסֶךְ וַיְחַלֵּף שִׂמְלֹתָו וַיָּבֹא בֵית־יְהֹוָה וַיִּשְׁתָּחוּ וַיָּבֹא אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ וַיִּשְׁאַל וַיָּשִׂימוּ לוֹ לֶחֶם וַיֹּאכַֽל׃

Dovid got up from the ground, he bathed and anointed [himself] and changed his clothes. He went to the House of Adonoy and bowed down. He came [back] to his house and asked [for food]. They put bread [before him] and he ate.

Dovid got up from the ground, he bathed and anointed [himself] and changed his clothes. He went to the House of Adonoy and bowed down. He came [back] to his house and asked [for food]. They put bread [before him] and he ate.

12:21

וַיֹּאמְרוּ עֲבָדָיו אֵלָיו מָה־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתָה בַּעֲבוּר הַיֶּלֶד חַי צַמְתָּ וַתֵּבְךְּ וְכַֽאֲשֶׁר מֵת הַיֶּלֶד קַמְתָּ וַתֹּאכַל לָֽחֶם׃

His servants said to him, "What is this thing that you have done? For a live boy you fasted and cried, and when the boy died you got up and ate bread?"

His servants said to him, "What is this thing that you have done? For a live boy you fasted and cried, and when the boy died you got up and ate bread?"

12:22

וַיֹּאמֶר בְּעוֹד הַיֶּלֶד חַי צַמְתִּי וָאֶבְכֶּה כִּי אָמַרְתִּי מִי יוֹדֵעַ (יחנני) [וְחַנַּנִי] יְהֹוָה וְחַי הַיָּֽלֶד׃

He said [in reply], "While the boy was [still] alive I fasted and cried because I [reasoned] and said, 'Who knows? God [may] be gracious to me and [have] the boy live.'

He said [in reply], "While the boy was [still] alive I fasted and cried because I [reasoned] and said, 'Who knows? God [may] be gracious to me and [have] the boy live.'

12:23

וְעַתָּה ׀ מֵת לָמָּה זֶּה אֲנִי צָם הַאוּכַל לַהֲשִׁיבוֹ עוֹד אֲנִי הֹלֵךְ אֵלָיו וְהוּא לֹא־יָשׁוּב אֵלָֽי׃

And now [that the boy is] dead why should I fast? Can I any longer [cause] him to return? I am going to him, he is not returning to me.

And now [that the boy is] dead why should I fast? Can I any longer [cause] him to return? I am going to him, he is not returning to me.

12:24

וַיְנַחֵם דָּוִד אֵת בַּת־שֶׁבַע אִשְׁתּוֹ וַיָּבֹא אֵלֶיהָ וַיִּשְׁכַּב עִמָּהּ וַתֵּלֶד בֵּן (ויקרא) [וַתִּקְרָא] אֶת־שְׁמוֹ שְׁלֹמֹה וַיהֹוָה אֲהֵבֽוֹ׃

Dovid consoled his wife Bas Sheva. He came to her and lay with her. She gave birth to a son, She called him the name Shlomo, and God loved him [Shlomo].

Dovid consoled his wife Bas Sheva. He came to her and lay with her. She gave birth to a son, She called him the name Shlomo, and God loved him [Shlomo].

12:25

וַיִּשְׁלַח בְּיַד נָתָן הַנָּבִיא וַיִּקְרָא אֶת־שְׁמוֹ יְדִידְיָהּ בַּעֲבוּר יְהֹוָֽה׃ {פ}

He [God] sent by the hand of Noson the prophet [a message], and he [Dovid] called his name Yedidyoh because of Adonoy.

He [God] sent by the hand of Noson the prophet [a message], and he [Dovid] called his name Yedidyoh because of Adonoy.

Rashi

בעבור ה'. אשר אהבו:

Because of God. That loved him [Shlomo].8יֽדִידְיָה is a concatanation of יֽדִיד, beloved one and יָה, God.

12:26

וַיִּלָּחֶם יוֹאָב בְּרַבַּת בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן וַיִּלְכֹּד אֶת־עִיר הַמְּלוּכָֽה׃

Yoav battled against [the city] Rabbas of the people of Ammon and captured the royal city.

Yoav battled against [the city] Rabbas of the people of Ammon and captured the royal city.

Rashi

את עיר המלוכה. שני חיזוקי חומה היו בה, חיצונה ופנימית, עיר החיצונה, עיר מלוכה, והפנימית, למבצר ולחוזק:

The royal city. There were two enforced walls [of cities] in it, an outside one and an inside one. The outside city was [called] the royal city, and the inside [city] was a fortress and stronghold.9Yoav left this one for Dovid to conquer as is stated in verse 29.

12:27

וַיִּשְׁלַח יוֹאָב מַלְאָכִים אֶל־דָּוִד וַיֹּאמֶר נִלְחַמְתִּי בְרַבָּה גַּם־לָכַדְתִּי אֶת־עִיר הַמָּֽיִם׃

Yoav sent messengers to Dovid and said, "I have battled [against] Rabboh. I have also captured the city of water.

Yoav sent messengers to Dovid and said, "I have battled [against] Rabboh. I have also captured the city of water.

12:28

וְעַתָּה אֱסֹף אֶת־יֶתֶר הָעָם וַחֲנֵה עַל־הָעִיר וְלׇכְדָהּ פֶּן־אֶלְכֹּד אֲנִי אֶת־הָעִיר וְנִקְרָא שְׁמִי עָלֶֽיהָ׃

And now, gather the rest of the people and encamp [against] the city and capture it. Lest I capture the city and my name will be called upon it.

And now, gather the rest of the people and encamp [against] the city and capture it. Lest I capture the city and my name will be called upon it.

12:29

וַיֶּאֱסֹף דָּוִד אֶת־כׇּל־הָעָם וַיֵּלֶךְ רַבָּתָה וַיִּלָּחֶם בָּהּ וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּ׃

Dovid gathered all the people and went to Rabboh. He waged war against it and captured it.

Dovid gathered all the people and went to Rabboh. He waged war against it and captured it.

12:30

וַיִּקַּח אֶת־עֲטֶֽרֶת־מַלְכָּם מֵעַל רֹאשׁוֹ וּמִשְׁקָלָהּ כִּכַּר זָהָב וְאֶבֶן יְקָרָה וַתְּהִי עַל־רֹאשׁ דָּוִד וּשְׁלַל הָעִיר הוֹצִיא הַרְבֵּה מְאֹֽד׃

He took the crown of Malkom from its head, its weight was a golden kikor and [in it] was a precious stone. It was [hung over] Dovid's head. He took out much booty [from] the city.

He took the crown of Malkom from its head, its weight was a golden kikor and [in it] was a precious stone. It was [hung over] Dovid's head. He took out much booty [from] the city.

Rashi

את עטרת מלכם. תועבת בני עמון 'מלכם' שמו, לשון מולך:

The crown of Malkom. The abomination [idol] of the people of Ammon's name was Malkom. Denoting [the word] Moleich.10מוֹלֶךְ is an idol to whom children were sacrificed.

ותהי על ראש דוד. אתי הגתי בטלה (עבודה זרה מד א):

It was [hung over] Dovid's head. Itai the Gitite annulled it.11This explanation of the verse is stated in Avodah Zoroh 24. It is prohibited for Jews to derive any pleasure from the idols of gentiles. They must be anulled by a gentile, i.e., taken out of the service of idol worship, after which they are permitted to Jews. Itai the Gitite, a gentile, did this to Malkom for Dovid’s sake.

12:31

וְאֶת־הָעָם אֲשֶׁר־בָּהּ הוֹצִיא וַיָּשֶׂם בַּמְּגֵרָה וּבַחֲרִצֵי הַבַּרְזֶל וּֽבְמַגְזְרֹת הַבַּרְזֶל וְהֶעֱבִיר אוֹתָם (במלכן) [בַּמַּלְבֵּן] וְכֵן יַעֲשֶׂה לְכֹל עָרֵי בְנֵֽי־עַמּוֹן וַיָּשׇׁב דָּוִד וְכׇל־הָעָם יְרֽוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃ {פ}

He took out the people that were in it. He put them in saw-like utensils, iron threshing utensils and iron axes. He had them pass [through] the streets. He did this to all the cities of the people of Ammon. Dovid and all the people returned to Yerushaloyim.

He took out the people that were in it. He put them in saw-like utensils, iron threshing utensils and iron axes. He had them pass [through] the streets. He did this to all the cities of the people of Ammon. Dovid and all the people returned to Yerushaloyim.

Rashi

מגרה וחריצים ומגזרות. כמין פצירה פים שקורין לימ"א, מיני יסורים הם:

Saw-like utensils, iron threshing utensils and iron axes. They are types of tortures.

מגרה. סכין פגום פגימות הרבה תכופות זו לזו:

Saw-like utensils. A knife serrated with many [sharp] edges bent towards each other.

חריצים. הוא מורג חרוץ מלא חריצים, כמין פצירה פים שקורין לימ"א:

Threshing utensils. This is a hacked saw full of cuts like "many sharp edges"12Shmuel I, 13:21. that is called laime (O.F.).

במלבן. בטיט חוצות, וכן תרגם יונתן: וגרר יתהון בשוקיא.

The streets. In the mud of the streets and so Yonason [also] translated: "He dragged them in the streets."

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: On Your Way · License: PD

Where next

Keep reading