Tanach
Shmuel II 19 שמואל ב י״ט
Part of: Petuchah, II Samuel 19:30Setumah, II Samuel 19:1Setumah, II Samuel 19:6Setumah, II Samuel 19:8Setumah, II Samuel 19:9Setumah, II Samuel 19:10Setumah, II Samuel 19:12Setumah, II Samuel 19:22Setumah, II Samuel 19:23Setumah, II Samuel 19:25Setumah, II Samuel 19:32Setumah, II Samuel 19:39Setumah, II Samuel 19:41Setumah, II Samuel 19:43Setumah, II Samuel 19:44
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיִּרְגַּז הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיַּעַל עַל־עֲלִיַּת הַשַּׁעַר וַיֵּבְךְּ וְכֹה ׀ אָמַר בְּלֶכְתּוֹ בְּנִי אַבְשָׁלוֹם בְּנִי בְנִי אַבְשָׁלוֹם מִֽי־יִתֵּן מוּתִי אֲנִי תַחְתֶּיךָ אַבְשָׁלוֹם בְּנִי בְנִֽי׃
The king began to tremble and went up to the room over the gate and wept. And this is what he said as he went, "My son Avsholom. My son, my son Avsholom. If only I had died instead of you. Avsholom my son, my son.
The king began to tremble and went up to the room over the gate and wept. And this is what he said as he went, "My son Avsholom. My son, my son Avsholom. If only I had died instead of you. Avsholom my son, my son.
Rashi
וַיֻּגַּד לְיוֹאָב הִנֵּה הַמֶּלֶךְ בֹּכֶה וַיִּתְאַבֵּל עַל־אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃
It was told to Yoav that the king was crying and mourning over Avsholom.
It was told to Yoav that the king was crying and mourning over Avsholom.
וַתְּהִי הַתְּשֻׁעָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא לְאֵבֶל לְכׇל־הָעָם כִּֽי־שָׁמַע הָעָם בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא לֵאמֹר נֶעֱצַב הַמֶּלֶךְ עַל־בְּנֽוֹ׃
The victory of that day was turned into mourning for all of the people because the people heard on that day saying, "The king grieves over his son."
The victory of that day was turned into mourning for all of the people because the people heard on that day saying, "The king grieves over his son."
וַיִּתְגַּנֵּב הָעָם בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא לָבוֹא הָעִיר כַּאֲשֶׁר יִתְגַּנֵּב הָעָם הַנִּכְלָמִים בְּנוּסָם בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃
On that day the people entered the city discreetly like people silent and ashamed from having fled from battle.
On that day the people entered the city discreetly like people silent and ashamed from having fled from battle.
וְהַמֶּלֶךְ לָאַט אֶת־פָּנָיו וַיִּזְעַק הַמֶּלֶךְ קוֹל גָּדוֹל בְּנִי אַבְשָׁלוֹם אַבְשָׁלוֹם בְּנִי בְנִֽי׃ {ס}
The king covered his face and the king cried out loudly, "My son Avsholom, Avsholom my son, my son.
The king covered his face and the king cried out loudly, "My son Avsholom, Avsholom my son, my son.
Rashi
לאט את פניו. (תרגום:) כריך ית צזפוהי, כמשפט האבלים:
Covered his face. [Yononson translates:] "Covered his face" in the manner of mourners.
לאט. כמו (מלכים-א יט יג): וילט פניו באדרתו ; (שמואל-א כא י): הנה היא לוטה בשמלה:
Covered. As [we find]: "He wrapped his face with his coat",3Melochim I, 19:13. "It is wrapped up in a cloth".4Shmuel I, 21:10.
וַיָּבֹא יוֹאָב אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ הַבָּיִת וַיֹּאמֶר הֹבַשְׁתָּ הַיּוֹם אֶת־פְּנֵי כׇל־עֲבָדֶיךָ הַֽמְמַלְּטִים אֶֽת־נַפְשְׁךָ הַיּוֹם וְאֵת נֶפֶשׁ בָּנֶיךָ וּבְנֹתֶיךָ וְנֶפֶשׁ נָשֶׁיךָ וְנֶפֶשׁ פִּלַגְשֶֽׁיךָ׃
Yoav came inside the king's chamber and said, "Today, you have embarassed all your servants who have, this day, saved your life and the lives of your sons and daughters, the lives of your wives and the lives of your concubines.
Yoav came inside the king's chamber and said, "Today, you have embarassed all your servants who have, this day, saved your life and the lives of your sons and daughters, the lives of your wives and the lives of your concubines.
לְאַֽהֲבָה אֶת־שֹׂנְאֶיךָ וְלִשְׂנֹא אֶת־אֹהֲבֶיךָ כִּי ׀ הִגַּדְתָּ הַיּוֹם כִּי אֵין לְךָ שָׂרִים וַעֲבָדִים כִּי ׀ יָדַעְתִּי הַיּוֹם כִּי (לא) [לוּ] אַבְשָׁלוֹם חַי וְכֻלָּנוּ הַיּוֹם מֵתִים כִּי־אָז יָשָׁר בְּעֵינֶֽיךָ׃
You are showing love to your enemies and hatred towards your friends for [by your actions] today you are declaring that you do not value your officers or servants. For today I know that [you are thinking] if only Avsholom were alive and all of us dead, it would have been right in your eyes.
You are showing love to your enemies and hatred towards your friends for [by your actions] today you are declaring that you do not value your officers or servants. For today I know that [you are thinking] if only Avsholom were alive and all of us dead, it would have been right in your eyes.
וְעַתָּה קוּם צֵא וְדַבֵּר עַל־לֵב עֲבָדֶיךָ {ס} כִּי בַיהֹוָה נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי כִּֽי־אֵינְךָ יוֹצֵא אִם־יָלִין אִישׁ אִתְּךָ הַלַּיְלָה וְרָעָה לְךָ זֹאת מִכׇּל־הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר־בָּאָה עָלֶיךָ מִנְּעֻרֶיךָ עַד־עָֽתָּה׃ {ס}
Now, get up, go out and speak to the hearts of your servants because I have sworn by Adonoy that [if] you do not go out [to the people] then no one will remain here with you tonight. This will be worse for you then all the evil that has befallen you from your youth up until today."
Now, get up, go out and speak to the hearts of your servants because I have sworn by Adonoy that [if] you do not go out [to the people] then no one will remain here with you tonight. This will be worse for you then all the evil that has befallen you from your youth up until today."
Rashi
כי אינך יוצא. אם אינך יוצא:
That [if] you do not go out [to the people]. If you do not go out.5Rashi is adding the word “if” to the verse.
וַיָּקׇם הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיֵּשֶׁב בַּשָּׁעַר וּֽלְכׇל־הָעָם הִגִּידוּ לֵאמֹר הִנֵּה הַמֶּלֶךְ יוֹשֵׁב בַּשַּׁעַר וַיָּבֹא כׇל־הָעָם לִפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ וְיִשְׂרָאֵל נָס אִישׁ לְאֹהָלָֽיו׃ {ס}
The king rose, [went] and sat by the gate. All the people were told, "The king is sitting by the gate." All the people came before the king [as the people of] Yisroel fled back to their homes.
The king rose, [went] and sat by the gate. All the people were told, "The king is sitting by the gate." All the people came before the king [as the people of] Yisroel fled back to their homes.
Rashi
וישראל נס. אותם שהיו עם אבשלום:
[As the people of] Yisroel fled. Those people that were with Avsholom.
וַיְהִי כׇל־הָעָם נָדוֹן בְּכׇל־שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר הַמֶּלֶךְ הִצִּילָנוּ ׀ מִכַּף אֹיְבֵינוּ וְהוּא מִלְּטָנוּ מִכַּף פְּלִשְׁתִּים וְעַתָּה בָּרַח מִן־הָאָרֶץ מֵעַל אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃
All the people reproached each other throughout all the tribes of Yisroel, saying. "The king saved us from the hands of our enemies and he saved us from the hands of the Pelishtim, now he has had to flee from the land because of Avsholom.
All the people reproached each other throughout all the tribes of Yisroel, saying. "The king saved us from the hands of our enemies and he saved us from the hands of the Pelishtim, now he has had to flee from the land because of Avsholom.
Rashi
כל העם נדון. מתווכחים זה עם זה:
The people were reproaching each other. Reproaching each other.
וְאַבְשָׁלוֹם אֲשֶׁר מָשַׁחְנוּ עָלֵינוּ מֵת בַּמִּלְחָמָה וְעַתָּה לָמָה אַתֶּם מַחֲרִשִׁים לְהָשִׁיב אֶת־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ {ס}
Avsholom whom we anointed king over us, has died in battle. And now, why are you silent about restoring the king [to his throne]."
Avsholom whom we anointed king over us, has died in battle. And now, why are you silent about restoring the king [to his throne]."
וְהַמֶּלֶךְ דָּוִד שָׁלַח אֶל־צָדוֹק וְאֶל־אֶבְיָתָר הַכֹּהֲנִים לֵאמֹר דַּבְּרוּ אֶל־זִקְנֵי יְהוּדָה לֵאמֹר לָמָּה תִֽהְיוּ אַחֲרֹנִים לְהָשִׁיב אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ וּדְבַר כׇּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּא אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃
King Dovid sent [messages] to Tsodok and Evyosor the Kohanim saying, "Speak to the elders of Yehudah saying, "Why should you be last to bring back the king to his palace while the messages of all Yisroel are coming to the king [requesting his return] to his palace.
King Dovid sent [messages] to Tsodok and Evyosor the Kohanim saying, "Speak to the elders of Yehudah saying, "Why should you be last to bring back the king to his palace while the messages of all Yisroel are coming to the king [requesting his return] to his palace.
Rashi
ודבר כל ישראל בא אל המלך. כל זה מדברי שליחותו:
While the messages of all Yisroel are coming to the king. All this was part of the message he was charged to bring [to the elders].
אַחַי אַתֶּם עַצְמִי וּבְשָׂרִי אַתֶּם וְלָמָּה תִֽהְיוּ אַחֲרֹנִים לְהָשִׁיב אֶת־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
You are my brothers, you are of my own flesh why should you be the last to bring back the king.'
You are my brothers, you are of my own flesh why should you be the last to bring back the king.'
וְלַֽעֲמָשָׂא תֹּֽמְרוּ הֲלוֹא עַצְמִי וּבְשָׂרִי אָתָּה כֹּה יַעֲשֶׂה־לִּי אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֹסִיף אִם־לֹא שַׂר־צָבָא תִּהְיֶה לְפָנַי כׇּל־הַיָּמִים תַּחַת יוֹאָֽב׃
And tell Amosoh [in my name], 'are you not of my own bone and flesh. God should do [such and such] to me and more if I do not make you my commanding officer from now on, instead of Yoav.'
And tell Amosoh [in my name], 'are you not of my own bone and flesh. God should do [such and such] to me and more if I do not make you my commanding officer from now on, instead of Yoav.'
Rashi
ולעמשא. שהוא שר צבא, תאמרו ; הלא בן אחותי אתה:
To Amosoh. Who is [Avsholom's] commanding officer you should say, 'You are my own sister's son.'6The son of Avigail. See 17:25.
וַיַּט אֶת־לְבַב כׇּל־אִישׁ־יְהוּדָה כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ שׁוּב אַתָּה וְכׇל־עֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃
He [Dovid] was able to sway the hearts of all the men of Yehudah [to favor him] as one would sway just one man. They sent [a message] to the king, 'You and all your servants should return.'
He [Dovid] was able to sway the hearts of all the men of Yehudah [to favor him] as one would sway just one man. They sent [a message] to the king, 'You and all your servants should return.'
וַיָּשׇׁב הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיָּבֹא עַד־הַיַּרְדֵּן וִיהוּדָה בָּא הַגִּלְגָּלָה לָלֶכֶת לִקְרַאת הַמֶּלֶךְ לְהַעֲבִיר אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃
The king began his return and as he reached the Yardein, Yehudah came to Gilgal to greet the king to bring the king over the Yardein.
The king began his return and as he reached the Yardein, Yehudah came to Gilgal to greet the king to bring the king over the Yardein.
וַיְמַהֵר שִׁמְעִי בֶן־גֵּרָא בֶּן־הַיְמִינִי אֲשֶׁר מִבַּחוּרִים וַיֵּרֶד עִם־אִישׁ יְהוּדָה לִקְרַאת הַמֶּלֶךְ דָּוִֽד׃
Shimi, the son of Geiroh, hurried, [son] of the Yemini from Bachurim, and went down with the men of Yehudah to greet king Dovid.
Shimi, the son of Geiroh, hurried, [son] of the Yemini from Bachurim, and went down with the men of Yehudah to greet king Dovid.
וְאֶלֶף אִישׁ עִמּוֹ מִבִּנְיָמִן וְצִיבָא נַעַר בֵּית שָׁאוּל וַחֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר בָּנָיו וְעֶשְׂרִים עֲבָדָיו אִתּוֹ וְצָלְחוּ הַיַּרְדֵּן לִפְנֵי הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
A thousand men from Binyomin accompanyed him together with Tzivoh, a young man from the house of Shaul and his fifteen sons and twenty servants. They crossed the Yardein before the king.
A thousand men from Binyomin accompanyed him together with Tzivoh, a young man from the house of Shaul and his fifteen sons and twenty servants. They crossed the Yardein before the king.
Rashi
וצלחו הירדן. (תרגום:) בקעוהו בתריסהון.
They crossed the Yardein. They crossed it with their rafts.
וְעָבְרָה הָעֲבָרָה לַֽעֲבִיר אֶת־בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ וְלַעֲשׂוֹת הַטּוֹב בְּעֵינָו וְשִׁמְעִי בֶן־גֵּרָא נָפַל לִפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ בְּעׇבְרוֹ בַּיַּרְדֵּֽן׃
The ferry boat crossed over bringing the household of the king and to do what is good in his eyes. Shimi, the son of Geiroh fell before the king as he crossed the Yardein.
The ferry boat crossed over bringing the household of the king and to do what is good in his eyes. Shimi, the son of Geiroh fell before the king as he crossed the Yardein.
Rashi
ועברה העברה. ספינת המעברה שעוברים בה את עבר רוחב הנחל:
The ferry crossed over. The ferry boat that was used to cross over to the other side of the river's width.
וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ אַל־יַחֲשָׁב־לִי אֲדֹנִי עָוֺן וְאַל־תִּזְכֹּר אֵת אֲשֶׁר הֶעֱוָה עַבְדְּךָ בַּיּוֹם אֲשֶׁר־יָׄצָאׄ אֲדֹנִֽי־הַמֶּלֶךְ מִירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם לָשׂוּם הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶל־לִבּֽוֹ׃
He said to the king, "Do not consider it a sin on my behalf, do not remember how your servant wronged [you] on the day my master, the king left Yerusholoyim. The king [should not] take it to heart.
He said to the king, "Do not consider it a sin on my behalf, do not remember how your servant wronged [you] on the day my master, the king left Yerusholoyim. The king [should not] take it to heart.
כִּי יָדַע עַבְדְּךָ כִּי אֲנִי חָטָאתִי וְהִנֵּה־בָאתִי הַיּוֹם רִאשׁוֹן לְכׇל־בֵּית יוֹסֵף לָרֶדֶת לִקְרַאת אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ {ס}
Because your servant knows that I have sinned, behold I come today the first from among all the House of Yoseif to come down and greet my master the king.
Because your servant knows that I have sinned, behold I come today the first from among all the House of Yoseif to come down and greet my master the king.
Rashi
ראשון לכל בית יוסף. כל ישראל חטאו לך, ואני יותר מכולם, והנני באתי לבקש מחילה, אם תקבלני, בטוחים כל ישראל שתקבלם, ואם לאו, יהיו יראים לשוב אליך עוד:
First from among all the House of Yoseif. All of Yisroel wronged you, I more then everyone. I have come to ask you forgiveness, if you accept me then all of Yisroel will be confident that you will accept them but if you do not [accept me] they will be afraid to return to you.
וַיַּעַן אֲבִישַׁי בֶּן־צְרוּיָה וַיֹּאמֶר הֲתַחַת זֹאת לֹא יוּמַת שִׁמְעִי כִּי קִלֵּל אֶת־מְשִׁיחַ יְהֹוָֽה׃ {ס}
Avishai, the son of Tsruyoh replied and said, Should Shimi not be put to death for this since he cursed the anointed one of Adonoy?
Avishai, the son of Tsruyoh replied and said, Should Shimi not be put to death for this since he cursed the anointed one of Adonoy?
וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִד מַה־לִּי וְלָכֶם בְּנֵי צְרוּיָה כִּֽי־תִֽהְיוּ־לִי הַיּוֹם לְשָׂטָן הַיּוֹם יוּמַת אִישׁ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל כִּי הֲלוֹא יָדַעְתִּי כִּי הַיּוֹם אֲנִי־מֶלֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
Dovid said, "What [hatred] exists between me and you, sons of Tsruyoh that today you should be adversaries unto me? Should a man of Yisroel die today? Because I [now] know that today I am [truly] king over Yisroel.
Dovid said, "What [hatred] exists between me and you, sons of Tsruyoh that today you should be adversaries unto me? Should a man of Yisroel die today? Because I [now] know that today I am [truly] king over Yisroel.
Rashi
היום יומת איש. בתמיה, כי היום אני מלך, עד עכשיו הייתי סבור, לא זלזל בי אדם גדול כזה אלא אם כן נפסקה מלכותי מאת המקום והוא אמר לו קלל את דוד, אבל עכשיו שהוא מתחרט, ידעתי כי מלך אני:
Should a man die today? This is a question. Because today I am [truly] king. Until now I thought A great man as this [Shimi] would not have shamed me unless God had decreed to end my kingdom, and He had told him, 'Curse Dovid.' But now that he regrets it I know that I am [truly] king.
וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶל־שִׁמְעִי לֹא תָמוּת וַיִּשָּׁבַֽע לוֹ הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ {ס}
The king said to Shimi, "You shall not die." And the king swore unto him.
The king said to Shimi, "You shall not die." And the king swore unto him.
וּמְפִבֹשֶׁת בֶּן־שָׁאוּל יָרַד לִקְרַאת הַמֶּלֶךְ וְלֹא־עָשָׂה רַגְלָיו וְלֹא־עָשָׂה שְׂפָמוֹ וְאֶת־בְּגָדָיו לֹא כִבֵּס לְמִן־הַיּוֹם לֶכֶת הַמֶּלֶךְ עַד־הַיּוֹם אֲשֶׁר־בָּא בְשָׁלֽוֹם׃
Mephivoshes, the son of Shaul went down to greet the king. He had not tended to the hair [between] his legs nor groomed his moustache nor laundered his clothes from the day the king left until his peaceful return.
Mephivoshes, the son of Shaul went down to greet the king. He had not tended to the hair [between] his legs nor groomed his moustache nor laundered his clothes from the day the king left until his peaceful return.
Rashi
ולא עשה רגליו. לשון תקון הוא, העברת שער שבין הרגלים:
He had not tended to the hair [between] his legs. Denoting fixing up, the removing of the hair between his legs.
שפמו. גרנו"ן בלע"ז:
His moustache. Grenon in O.F.
וַיְהִי כִּי־בָא יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם לִקְרַאת הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ הַמֶּלֶךְ לָמָּה לֹא־הָלַכְתָּ עִמִּי מְפִיבֹֽשֶׁת׃
When he came to Yerusholoyim to the greet the king, the king said to him, "Why did you not go with me, Mephivoshes?"
When he came to Yerusholoyim to the greet the king, the king said to him, "Why did you not go with me, Mephivoshes?"
Rashi
למה לא הלכת עמי. לצאת מירושלים כשיצאתי:
Why did you not you go with me? To leave Yerusholoyim when I left.
וַיֹּאמַר אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ עַבְדִּי רִמָּנִי כִּי־אָמַר עַבְדְּךָ אֶחְבְּשָׁה־לִּי הַחֲמוֹר וְאֶרְכַּב עָלֶיהָ וְאֵלֵךְ אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ כִּי פִסֵּחַ עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃
He replied, "My master the king, my servant [Tsivoh] deceived me because your servant said [to Tsivoh], 'Saddle up the donkey so that I can ride it and join the king', because your servant is lame.
He replied, "My master the king, my servant [Tsivoh] deceived me because your servant said [to Tsivoh], 'Saddle up the donkey so that I can ride it and join the king', because your servant is lame.
Rashi
כי פסח עבדך. ואיני יכול לילך ברגלי:
Because your servant is lame. And I can not walk on foot.
וַיְרַגֵּל בְּעַבְדְּךָ אֶל־אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ וַֽאדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ כְּמַלְאַךְ הָאֱלֹהִים וַעֲשֵׂה הַטּוֹב בְּעֵינֶֽיךָ׃
And he [Tsivoh] maligned your servant to my master the king. My master the king is like an angel of God, do what you deem to be proper.
And he [Tsivoh] maligned your servant to my master the king. My master the king is like an angel of God, do what you deem to be proper.
כִּי לֹא הָיָה כׇּל־בֵּית אָבִי כִּי אִם־אַנְשֵֽׁי־מָוֶת לַאדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ וַתָּשֶׁת אֶֽת־עַבְדְּךָ בְּאֹכְלֵי שֻׁלְחָנֶךָ וּמַה־יֶּשׁ־לִי עוֹד צְדָקָה וְלִזְעֹק עוֹד אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ {פ}
The entire house of my father were nothing but mortal enemies to my master the king and [nevertheless] you placed your servant among those eating at your table. What more charity can I [ask of you]? About what more can I cry to the king?"
The entire house of my father were nothing but mortal enemies to my master the king and [nevertheless] you placed your servant among those eating at your table. What more charity can I [ask of you]? About what more can I cry to the king?"
וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ הַמֶּלֶךְ לָמָּה תְּדַבֵּר עוֹד דְּבָרֶיךָ אָמַרְתִּי אַתָּה וְצִיבָא תַּחְלְקוּ אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃
The king said to him, "Why speak any further, I have said that you and Tsivoh should divide the field."
The king said to him, "Why speak any further, I have said that you and Tsivoh should divide the field."
וַיֹּאמֶר מְפִיבֹשֶׁת אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ גַּם אֶת־הַכֹּל יִקָּח אַחֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר־בָּא אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ בְּשָׁלוֹם אֶל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ {ס}
Mephivoshes said to the king, "Let him take everything now that my master the king has returned to his palace in peace."
Mephivoshes said to the king, "Let him take everything now that my master the king has returned to his palace in peace."
וּבַרְזִלַּי הַגִּלְעָדִי יָרַד מֵרֹֽגְלִים וַיַּעֲבֹר אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן לְשַׁלְּחוֹ אֶת־[הַיַּרְדֵּֽן] (בירדן)׃
Birzilai the Gilodite came down from Roglim and crossed the Yardein with the king accompanying him over the Yardein.
Birzilai the Gilodite came down from Roglim and crossed the Yardein with the king accompanying him over the Yardein.
Rashi
לשלחו. ללותו:
Accompanying him. To accompany him.
וּבַרְזִלַּי זָקֵן מְאֹד בֶּן־שְׁמֹנִים שָׁנָה וְהֽוּא־כִלְכַּל אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ בְּשִׁיבָתוֹ בְמַחֲנַיִם כִּי־אִישׁ גָּדוֹל הוּא מְאֹֽד׃
Barzilai was very old, eighty years of age, he had provided for the king during his stay in Machanayim because he was a very great man.
Barzilai was very old, eighty years of age, he had provided for the king during his stay in Machanayim because he was a very great man.
Rashi
כי איש גדול הוא. בעושר:
Because he was a very great man. In terms of wealth.
וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶל־בַּרְזִלָּי אַתָּה עֲבֹר אִתִּי וְכִלְכַּלְתִּי אֹתְךָ עִמָּדִי בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃
The king said to Barzilai, "You cross over with me and I will provide for you [while you stay] with me in Yerusholoyim."
The king said to Barzilai, "You cross over with me and I will provide for you [while you stay] with me in Yerusholoyim."
וַיֹּאמֶר בַּרְזִלַּי אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ כַּמָּה יְמֵי שְׁנֵי חַיַּי כִּי־אֶעֱלֶה אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃
Barzilai said to the king, "How many more years of life [do I have] that I should go up with the king to Yerusholoyim?
Barzilai said to the king, "How many more years of life [do I have] that I should go up with the king to Yerusholoyim?
Rashi
כמה ימי שני חיי. אשר יש לי לחיות:
How many more years of life [do I have]. That I have to live.
כי אעלה וגו'. הלא מעט הם, ומה הנייה יש לי בכלכולך:
That I should go up. There are only a few left, [therefore] what pleasure will I have from your providing for me.
בֶּן־שְׁמֹנִים שָׁנָה אָנֹכִי הַיּוֹם הַאֵדַע ׀ בֵּֽין־טוֹב לְרָע אִם־יִטְעַם עַבְדְּךָ אֶת־אֲשֶׁר אֹכַל וְאֶת־אֲשֶׁר אֶשְׁתֶּה אִם־אֶשְׁמַע עוֹד בְּקוֹל שָׁרִים וְשָׁרוֹת וְלָמָּה יִֽהְיֶה עַבְדְּךָ עוֹד לְמַשָּׂא אֶל־אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
I am eighty years old today, can I differentiate between something good or bad? Does your servant taste what I eat or what I drink? Can I still hear the voices of princes and princesses? Why should you servant remain a burden to my master the king?"
I am eighty years old today, can I differentiate between something good or bad? Does your servant taste what I eat or what I drink? Can I still hear the voices of princes and princesses? Why should you servant remain a burden to my master the king?"
Rashi
האדע בין טוב לרע. בין מאכל טוב למאכל רע ואמרו רבותינו ז"ל (שבת קנב א): שטוף בזמה היה, לפיכך קפצה עליו זקנה:
Between something good or bad? Between good food and bad food. Our Rabbis of blessed memory said, He overindulged in sexual relations causing old age to overtake him.7Shabbos 152a. Otherwise even an eighty year old man would not have deteriorated to that extent.
כִּמְעַט יַעֲבֹר עַבְדְּךָ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ וְלָמָּה יִגְמְלֵנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ הַגְּמוּלָה הַזֹּֽאת׃
Your servant will just cross over the Yardein to accompany the king. Why should the king give me this type of reward?
Your servant will just cross over the Yardein to accompany the king. Why should the king give me this type of reward?
Rashi
כמעט יעבר עבדך. הלויה מועטת יעבור עבדך ללותך, אחר שתעבור את הירדן:
Your servant will just cross over. You servant will accompany you a little further after you cross the Yardein.
הגמולה הזאת. שאינה טובה לי:
This type of reward. That is not good for me.
יָשׇׁב־נָא עַבְדְּךָ וְאָמֻת בְּעִירִי עִם קֶבֶר אָבִי וְאִמִּי וְהִנֵּה ׀ עַבְדְּךָ כִמְהָם יַֽעֲבֹר עִם־אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ וַעֲשֵׂה־לוֹ אֵת אֲשֶׁר־טוֹב בְּעֵינֶֽיךָ׃ {ס}
Let your servant return and I will die in my own city [and be buried] in the burial place of my father and mother and your servant Kimhom will travel on with my master, the king and do unto him as you see fit."
Let your servant return and I will die in my own city [and be buried] in the burial place of my father and mother and your servant Kimhom will travel on with my master, the king and do unto him as you see fit."
Rashi
עבדך כמהם. בנו היה:
Your servant Kimhom. It was his son.
וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ אִתִּי יַעֲבֹר כִּמְהָם וַאֲנִי אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לּוֹ אֶת־הַטּוֹב בְּעֵינֶיךָ וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר־תִּבְחַר עָלַי אֶעֱשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ׃
The king said, "Kimhom will cross over with me and I will do unto him what you see fit and whatever you choose, [to request] of me, I will do for you."
The king said, "Kimhom will cross over with me and I will do unto him what you see fit and whatever you choose, [to request] of me, I will do for you."
וַיַּעֲבֹר כׇּל־הָעָם אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן וְהַמֶּלֶךְ עָבָר וַיִּשַּׁק הַמֶּלֶךְ לְבַרְזִלַּי וַיְבָרְכֵהוּ וַיָּשׇׁב לִמְקֹמֽוֹ׃ {ס}
All the people crossed the Yardein and the king crossed over. The king kissed Barzilai and blessed him. He [then] returned home.
All the people crossed the Yardein and the king crossed over. The king kissed Barzilai and blessed him. He [then] returned home.
וַיַּעֲבֹר הַמֶּלֶךְ הַגִּלְגָּלָה וְכִמְהָן עָבַר עִמּוֹ וְכׇל־עַם יְהוּדָה (ויעברו) [הֶעֱבִירוּ] אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ וְגַם חֲצִי עַם יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
The king went over to Gilgol and Kimhon went over with him. All the people of Yehudah, brought the king over together with half of the people of Yisroel.
The king went over to Gilgol and Kimhon went over with him. All the people of Yehudah, brought the king over together with half of the people of Yisroel.
וְהִנֵּה כׇּל־אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּאִים אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ מַדּוּעַ גְּנָבוּךָ אַחֵינוּ אִישׁ יְהוּדָה וַיַּעֲבִרוּ אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ וְאֶת־בֵּיתוֹ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן וְכׇל־אַנְשֵׁי דָוִד עִמּֽוֹ׃ {ס}
[Then] all the men of Yisroel came to the king and they said to the king, "Why did our brothers, steal you away the men of Yehudah and [secretly] cross the king and his household over the Yardein together with all of Dovid's men?"
[Then] all the men of Yisroel came to the king and they said to the king, "Why did our brothers, steal you away the men of Yehudah and [secretly] cross the king and his household over the Yardein together with all of Dovid's men?"
וַיַּעַן כׇּל־אִישׁ יְהוּדָה עַל־אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל כִּֽי־קָרוֹב הַמֶּלֶךְ אֵלַי וְלָמָּה זֶּה חָרָה לְךָ עַל־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה הֶאָכוֹל אָכַלְנוּ מִן־הַמֶּלֶךְ אִם־נִשֵּׂאת נִשָּׂא לָֽנוּ׃ {ס}
All the men of Yehudah answered to the men of Yisroel, "Because the king is close to us, why should this anger you? Have we received any food from the king, have any presents been given to us?"
All the men of Yehudah answered to the men of Yisroel, "Because the king is close to us, why should this anger you? Have we received any food from the king, have any presents been given to us?"
Rashi
כי קרוב המלך אלי. משבטי הוא:
Because the king is close to us. He is from our tribe.
אם נשאת. כמו (בראשית מג לד): משאת, פרס מבית המלך:
Have any presents. As we find, "A present".8Bereishis 43:34. A present from the king's palace.
וַיַּעַן אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־אִישׁ יְהוּדָה וַיֹּאמֶר עֶשֶׂר־יָדוֹת לִי בַמֶּלֶךְ וְגַם־בְּדָוִד אֲנִי מִמְּךָ וּמַדּוּעַ הֱקִלֹּתַנִי וְלֹא־הָיָה דְבָרִי רִאשׁוֹן לִי לְהָשִׁיב אֶת־מַלְכִּי וַיִּקֶשׁ דְּבַר־אִישׁ יְהוּדָה מִדְּבַר אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ {ס}
The men of Yisroel replied to men of Yehudah, and said, "We have ten parts of the king and we also have more right in Dovid than you. Why have you made light of me? Was I not first in asking to have my king return?" The words of men of Yehudah overpowered the words of the men of Yisroel.
The men of Yisroel replied to men of Yehudah, and said, "We have ten parts of the king and we also have more right in Dovid than you. Why have you made light of me? Was I not first in asking to have my king return?" The words of men of Yehudah overpowered the words of the men of Yisroel.
Rashi
עשר ידות לי במלך. שאנו עשרה שבטים:
We have ten parts of the king. Because we are altogether ten tribes.
וגם בדוד. אף על פי שהוא קרוב לכם, אני משוך בו יותר ממך, שאני עשר ידות:
And also more right in Dovid. Although he is a closer relative of yours nevertheless we have more ownership of him then you do because we have ten parts [of him].
ומדוע הקלותני. להיות אתה קודם, וכי לא היה דברי ראשון להשיב את מלכי, וקודם לכן בא דברינו אליו להשיבו, כמו שכתוב למעלה (פסוק יב): ודבר כל ישראל בא אל המלך:
Why have you made light of me? That you should be first, was I not the first to request to have my king return? Prior to this our request came to him to have him return as it is written earlier,9 "while the messages of all Yisroel are coming to the king."
ויקש דבר איש יהודה. לשון (צפניה ב א), התקוששו נראה והושוה דבר איש יהודה, שהראם אגרת ששלח להם דוד, 'למה תהיו אחרונים להשיב את המלך' וגו', כך מפרש באגדה. ויש לפרש, 'ויקש', לשון 'קושי וחוזק', וכן תרגם יונתן: ותקיף:
The words of men of Yehudah overpowered. Language similar to "Improve".10Tsaphania 2:1. The words of the men of Yehudah were more logical and they prevailed because they showed [as evidence] the letter Dovid had sent them [saying] "Why should you be the last to request" that the king return etc." This is what is explained in Agadah. Some explain וַיִקֶשׁ to denote hard and strong and that is Yonoson's translation, "overpowered."
בני בני. שמנה פעמים, אמרו רבותינו (סוטה י ב): שבעה דאסקיה משבעה מדורי גיהנם, וחד דאייתיה לעלמא דאתי:
My son, my son. Eight times.1Dovid said the word בְּנִי eight times, five times in this verse and another three times later in verse 5. Our Rabbis said,2Sotah 10b. Seven of those times to lift him out of the seven levels of Gehennom and one to to bring him into the World to Come.