Tanach
Shmuel II 20 שמואל ב כ׳
Part of: Petuchah, II Samuel 20:20Setumah, II Samuel 20:1Setumah, II Samuel 20:4Setumah, II Samuel 20:6Setumah, II Samuel 20:9Setumah, II Samuel 20:14Setumah, II Samuel 20:23
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וְשָׁם נִקְרָא אִישׁ בְּלִיַּעַל וּשְׁמוֹ שֶׁבַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִי אִישׁ יְמִינִי וַיִּתְקַע בַּשֹּׁפָר וַיֹּאמֶר אֵֽין־לָנוּ חֵלֶק בְּדָוִד וְלֹא נַחֲלָה־לָנוּ בְּבֶן־יִשַׁי אִישׁ לְאֹהָלָיו יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
There, a wicked man invited [men to join him]. His name was Shevah, the son of Bichri a man of Yemini. He blew the shofar and said, "We have no part of Dovid, we have no inheritance with the son of Yeshai. Yisroel, every man should return to his home.
There, a wicked man invited [men to join him]. His name was Shevah, the son of Bichri a man of Yemini. He blew the shofar and said, "We have no part of Dovid, we have no inheritance with the son of Yeshai. Yisroel, every man should return to his home.
Rashi
וַיַּעַל כׇּל־אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאַחֲרֵי דָוִד אַחֲרֵי שֶׁבַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִי וְאִישׁ יְהוּדָה דָּבְקוּ בְמַלְכָּם מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּן וְעַד־יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃
All of the men of Yisroel abandoned Dovid to follow Shevah, the son of Bichri. The men of Yehudah stayed with their king [as he travelled] from the Yardein to Yerusholoyim.
All of the men of Yisroel abandoned Dovid to follow Shevah, the son of Bichri. The men of Yehudah stayed with their king [as he travelled] from the Yardein to Yerusholoyim.
וַיָּבֹא דָוִד אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם וַיִּקַּח הַמֶּלֶךְ אֵת עֶשֶׂר־נָשִׁים ׀ פִּלַגְשִׁים אֲשֶׁר הִנִּיחַ לִשְׁמֹר הַבַּיִת וַֽיִּתְּנֵם בֵּית־מִשְׁמֶרֶת וַֽיְכַלְכְּלֵם וַאֲלֵיהֶם לֹא־בָא וַתִּהְיֶינָה צְרֻרוֹת עַד־יוֹם מֻתָן אַלְמְנוּת חַיּֽוּת׃ {ס}
Dovid came to his palace in Yerusholoyim, he took the ten women who were concubines that he had left behind to watch the palace and placed them in a guarded house and provided for them [there]. He had no relations with them, and they were guarded [there] until the day of their deaths They became widows whose husband was alive.
Dovid came to his palace in Yerusholoyim, he took the ten women who were concubines that he had left behind to watch the palace and placed them in a guarded house and provided for them [there]. He had no relations with them, and they were guarded [there] until the day of their deaths They became widows whose husband was alive.
וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶל־עֲמָשָׂא הַזְעֶק־לִי אֶת־אִישׁ־יְהוּדָה שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים וְאַתָּה פֹּה עֲמֹֽד׃
The king said to Amosoh, Rally the men of Yehudah and have them here within three days and then you be back here [to meet me].
The king said to Amosoh, Rally the men of Yehudah and have them here within three days and then you be back here [to meet me].
Rashi
הזעק לי את איש יהודה. שיהו כאן עד שלשה ימים:
Rally the men of Yehudah. That they should be here within three days.
ואתה פה עמוד. לסוף שלשת ימים הוי זהיר להיות עומד כאן לפני, כי חפץ היה לרדוף אחרי שבע בן בכרי:
And then you be back here [to meet me]. After three days be sure to be back here before me because he [Dovid] wanted to chase after Shevah, the son of Bichri.
וַיֵּלֶךְ עֲמָשָׂא לְהַזְעִיק אֶת־יְהוּדָה (וייחר) [וַיּוֹחֶר] מִן־הַמּוֹעֵד אֲשֶׁר יְעָדֽוֹ׃ {ס}
Amosoh went to rally Yehudah but was delayed past the appointed time that had been set.
Amosoh went to rally Yehudah but was delayed past the appointed time that had been set.
Rashi
ויוחר מן המועד. אשכחינהו לרבנן דפתחו במסכתא, כדאיתא בסנהדרין (מט א):
But was delayed past the appointed time. He found Rabbis who had begun to learn a tractate in the Talmud, as is stated in Sanhedrin.3
וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִד אֶל־אֲבִישַׁי עַתָּה יֵרַֽע לָנוּ שֶׁבַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִי מִן־אַבְשָׁלוֹם אַתָּה קַח אֶת־עַבְדֵי אֲדֹנֶיךָ וּרְדֹף אַחֲרָיו פֶּן־מָצָא לוֹ עָרִים בְּצֻרוֹת וְהִצִּיל עֵינֵֽנוּ׃
Dovid said to Avishai, "Shevah, son of Bichri will do us more harm then Avsholom did. Take your master's servants and pursue him lest he find fortified cities to escape out of our sight.
Dovid said to Avishai, "Shevah, son of Bichri will do us more harm then Avsholom did. Take your master's servants and pursue him lest he find fortified cities to escape out of our sight.
Rashi
אתה קח את עבדי אדוניך. אחרי אשר איחר עמשא שר הצבא, ולא הביא את צבא יהודה, קח אתה מן הנמצאים סביבי, ורדוף אחריו:
Take your master's servants. Now that Amosoh, the commanding officer was delayed and had not yet brought the soldiers of Yehudah, you take from the men in my entourage and chase after him.
והציל עינינו. והציל עצמו מעינינו, והרי זה מקרא קצר:
To escape to out of our sight. And he will escape right before our eyes, this is an abbreviated verse.4Missing the word עַצְמוֹ.
וַיֵּצְאוּ אַחֲרָיו אַנְשֵׁי יוֹאָב וְהַכְּרֵתִי וְהַפְּלֵתִי וְכׇל־הַגִּבֹּרִים וַיֵּֽצְאוּ מִירוּשָׁלַ͏ִם לִרְדֹּף אַחֲרֵי שֶׁבַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִֽי׃
Yoav's men went out after him, the archers and the slingers and all the strong soldiers. They left Yerusholoyim to pursue Shevah, the son of Bichri.
Yoav's men went out after him, the archers and the slingers and all the strong soldiers. They left Yerusholoyim to pursue Shevah, the son of Bichri.
הֵם עִם־הָאֶבֶן הַגְּדוֹלָה אֲשֶׁר בְּגִבְעוֹן וַעֲמָשָׂא בָּא לִפְנֵיהֶם וְיוֹאָב חָגוּר ׀ מִדּוֹ לְבֻשׁוֹ וְעָלָו חֲגוֹר חֶרֶב מְצֻמֶּדֶת עַל־מׇתְנָיו בְּתַעְרָהּ וְהוּא יָצָא וַתִּפֹּֽל׃ {ס}
When [Yoav and his men] were by the great stone which is in Givon Amosoh came before them. Yoav was girded with a belt on his garment and a sword was fastened on it [the belt]. He wore it close to his loins in its sheath, and as he went towards Amosoh, it fell out.
When [Yoav and his men] were by the great stone which is in Givon Amosoh came before them. Yoav was girded with a belt on his garment and a sword was fastened on it [the belt]. He wore it close to his loins in its sheath, and as he went towards Amosoh, it fell out.
Rashi
מצומדת על מתניו. סמוכה מאוד לגופו לרוחב מתניו, שלא כדרך חוגרי חרב, כדי שתהא נוחה ליפול, ולא יצטרך להוציאה מתערה:
Close to his loins. Very close to his body along the width of his loins, this was not the usual way of carrying a sword. He did so to make it easy for it to fall out so it would not be necessary to take it out of its sheath.
והוא יצא. כנגד עמשא:
He started out [towards Amosoh.]. Towards Amosoh.
ותפול. החרב מתערה, לפי שהיתה חלקה ולטושה, ואינה תלויה לצד ירכו אלא לרוחב מתניו, וכמעט ששח עצמו לצד הארץ, נפלה מתערה ואחזה בימינו, ולא הכיר עמשא בדבר:
And it fell out. The sword [fell out] from its sheath because it was smooth and sharp and was not hanging on the side of his thigh but it was along the width of his loins. As soon as he [Yoav] leaned forward towards the ground it [the sword] fell out of its sheath and he grabbed it with his right hand without Amosoh noticing anything.
וַיֹּאמֶר יוֹאָב לַעֲמָשָׂא הֲשָׁלוֹם אַתָּה אָחִי וַתֹּחֶז יַד־יְמִין יוֹאָב בִּזְקַן עֲמָשָׂא לִנְשׇׁק־לֽוֹ׃
Yoav said to Amosoh, "How are you, my brother?" Yoav grabbed Amosoh's beard with his right hand to kiss him.
Yoav said to Amosoh, "How are you, my brother?" Yoav grabbed Amosoh's beard with his right hand to kiss him.
וַעֲמָשָׂא לֹא־נִשְׁמַר בַּחֶרֶב ׀ אֲשֶׁר בְּיַד־יוֹאָב וַיַּכֵּהוּ בָהּ אֶל־הַחֹמֶשׁ וַיִּשְׁפֹּךְ מֵעָיו אַרְצָה וְלֹא־שָׁנָה לוֹ וַיָּמֹת וְיוֹאָב וַאֲבִישַׁי אָחִיו רָדַף אַחֲרֵי שֶׁבַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִֽי׃
Amosoh was not watching out for the sword that was in Yoav's hand. He [Yoav] struck him with it into his fifth rib. and his insides poured out unto the ground, and he did not strike him again, for he died [instantly]. Yoav and his brother Avishai [then] chased after Sheva, the son of Bichiri.
Amosoh was not watching out for the sword that was in Yoav's hand. He [Yoav] struck him with it into his fifth rib. and his insides poured out unto the ground, and he did not strike him again, for he died [instantly]. Yoav and his brother Avishai [then] chased after Sheva, the son of Bichiri.
וְאִישׁ עָמַד עָלָיו מִֽנַּעֲרֵי יוֹאָב וַיֹּאמֶר מִי אֲשֶׁר חָפֵץ בְּיוֹאָב וּמִי אֲשֶׁר־לְדָוִד אַחֲרֵי יוֹאָֽב׃
One of Yoav's young men stood by [the corpse] and said, "Whoever likes Yoav and whoever sides with Dovid should [follow] after Yoav.
One of Yoav's young men stood by [the corpse] and said, "Whoever likes Yoav and whoever sides with Dovid should [follow] after Yoav.
וַעֲמָשָׂא מִתְגֹּלֵל בַּדָּם בְּתוֹךְ הַֽמְסִלָּה וַיַּרְא הָאִישׁ כִּֽי־עָמַד כׇּל־הָעָם וַיַּסֵּב אֶת־עֲמָשָׂא מִן־הַֽמְסִלָּה הַשָּׂדֶה וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ עָלָיו בֶּגֶד כַּאֲשֶׁר רָאָה כׇּל־הַבָּא עָלָיו וְעָמָֽד׃
Amosoh was rolling in [his own] blood in the road. The man saw that the people stood in their places and [so] he removed Amosoh from the road out to the field and threw a cloth over it when he saw that all who passed by it remained there.
Amosoh was rolling in [his own] blood in the road. The man saw that the people stood in their places and [so] he removed Amosoh from the road out to the field and threw a cloth over it when he saw that all who passed by it remained there.
Rashi
כאשר ראה כל הבא עליו ועמד. כאשר ראה האיש, שכל הבא עליו היה עומד:
When he saw that all who passed by it remained there. When the man saw that everyone who passed by it would remain there.
כַּאֲשֶׁר הֹגָה מִן־הַֽמְסִלָּה עָבַר כׇּל־אִישׁ אַחֲרֵי יוֹאָב לִרְדֹּף אַחֲרֵי שֶׁבַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִֽי׃
When it was withdrawn from the road all the men followed Yoav to pursue Shevah, the son of Bichri.
When it was withdrawn from the road all the men followed Yoav to pursue Shevah, the son of Bichri.
Rashi
כאשר הוגה. כאשר הומשך, כמו (משלי כה ד): הגו סיגים מכסף ; וכמו (שם פסוק ה): הגו רשע לפני מלך:
When it was withdrawn. When it was removed as we find. "When the impurities are removed from silver",5Mishlei 25:4. and as find "When the wicked are removed from before the king".6Ibid, 25:5.
וַֽיַּעֲבֹר בְּכׇל־שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אָבֵלָה וּבֵית מַעֲכָה וְכׇל־הַבֵּרִים {ס} (ויקלהו) [וַיִּקָּהֲלוּ] וַיָּבֹאוּ אַף־אַחֲרָֽיו׃
He [Shevah] went through all the tribes of Yisroel, to Oveil, Beis Ma'achoh and all the Beirim. They [Yoav's men] gathered together and went after him.
He [Shevah] went through all the tribes of Yisroel, to Oveil, Beis Ma'achoh and all the Beirim. They [Yoav's men] gathered together and went after him.
Rashi
ויעבר בכל שבטי ישראל. שבע בן בכרי, לפתותם שימליכוהו עליהם:
He [Shevah] went through all the tribes of Yisroel. Shevah, the son of Bichri [went] to convince them to declare him king over them.
וכל הברים. לא ידעתי מהו:
All the Beirim. I do not know what it is.
וַיָּבֹאוּ וַיָּצֻרוּ עָלָיו בְּאָבֵלָה בֵּית הַֽמַּעֲכָה וַיִּשְׁפְּכוּ סֹֽלְלָה אֶל־הָעִיר וַֽתַּעֲמֹד בַּחֵל וְכׇל־הָעָם אֲשֶׁר אֶת־יוֹאָב מַשְׁחִיתִם לְהַפִּיל הַחוֹמָֽה׃
They came and beseiged him in Oveil and Beis Ma'achoh They piled up an earthen mound against the city and it [the city] held by virtue of its inner wall. All the people with Yoav battered the wall to throw it down.
They came and beseiged him in Oveil and Beis Ma'achoh They piled up an earthen mound against the city and it [the city] held by virtue of its inner wall. All the people with Yoav battered the wall to throw it down.
Rashi
ותעמוד בחל. (תרגום:) ואקיפו משריין. ויש פותרים, ותעמוד בחל, לשון (איכה ב ח): חיל וחומה, הפילו החומה החיצונה, ונתחזקה לעמוד על ידי הפנימית:
And it [the city] held by virtue of its inner wall. [Yonoson translates:] "They surrounded it strongly." Some interpret וַתַּעֲמדׁ בַּחֵל to have a meaning like "the inner wall and the outer wall".7Eichoh 2:8. They had [already] cause the outer wall to fall and it [the city] fortified itself to hold fast by virtue of the inner wall.
וַתִּקְרָא אִשָּׁה חֲכָמָה מִן־הָעִיר שִׁמְעוּ שִׁמְעוּ אִמְרוּ־נָא אֶל־יוֹאָב קְרַב עַד־הֵנָּה וַאֲדַבְּרָה אֵלֶֽיךָ׃
A wise woman called out from the city, "Listen, listen. Tell Yoav, 'Come here so that I may speak to you.'."
A wise woman called out from the city, "Listen, listen. Tell Yoav, 'Come here so that I may speak to you.'."
וַיִּקְרַב אֵלֶיהָ וַתֹּאמֶר הָאִשָּׁה הַאַתָּה יוֹאָב וַיֹּאמֶר אָנִי וַתֹּאמֶר לוֹ שְׁמַע דִּבְרֵי אֲמָתֶךָ וַיֹּאמֶר שֹׁמֵעַ אָנֹֽכִי׃
He came to her and the woman said, "Are you Yoav?" He replied, "It is I." She said to him, "Listen to the words of your handmaiden." He said, "I am listening."
He came to her and the woman said, "Are you Yoav?" He replied, "It is I." She said to him, "Listen to the words of your handmaiden." He said, "I am listening."
Rashi
האתה יואב. שנאמר בך (לקמן כג ח): יושב בשבת תחכמוני:
Are you Yoav? That it is said of you "Who sits among the wise at their assembly."8Further on 23:8.
וַתֹּאמֶר לֵאמֹר דַּבֵּר יְדַבְּרוּ בָרִֽאשֹׁנָה לֵאמֹר שָׁאוֹל יְשָׁאֲלוּ בְּאָבֵל וְכֵן הֵתַֽמּוּ׃
She spoke saying, "You should have talked [peace] first, if you had asked [for peace] with Oveil they would have completely [cooperated]."
She spoke saying, "You should have talked [peace] first, if you had asked [for peace] with Oveil they would have completely [cooperated]."
Rashi
דבר ידברו בראשונה לאמר. היה לך לדבר לשלום בראשונה, אם שלום יענוך ויפתחו לך, לא היה לך להלחם עליהם:
You should have talked [peace] first. You should have talked peace first. If they had answered you that they wanted peace and had opened their city to you then you should not have gone to war against them.
שאול ישאלו באבל. אם שאלו בני חילך בשלום העיר הזאת, ששמה אבל:
If you had asked [for peace] with Oveil. If your soldiers had asked for peace with this city called Oveil.
וכן התמו. מיד היו בני העיר משלימים עמכם:
They would have completely [cooperated]. The people of the city would have immediately made peace with you.
אָנֹכִי שְׁלֻמֵי אֱמוּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אַתָּה מְבַקֵּשׁ לְהָמִית עִיר וְאֵם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל לָמָּה תְבַלַּע נַחֲלַת יְהֹוָֽה׃ {פ}
"I am [from the people of the city] that are loyal [and] trustworthy to Yisroel, You are seeking to annhilate a city that is a metropolis of Yisroel. Why destroy the portion that Adonoy [gave to us]?"
"I am [from the people of the city] that are loyal [and] trustworthy to Yisroel, You are seeking to annhilate a city that is a metropolis of Yisroel. Why destroy the portion that Adonoy [gave to us]?"
Rashi
אנכי שלומי אמוני ישראל. אני מבני העיר, ששלמים ונאמנים לישראל ולמלך ומדרש אגדה (בראשית רבה צד ט, ובילקוט שמעוני כא): סרח בת אשר היתה, אני השלמתי נאמן לנאמן, על ידי נגלה ארונו של יוסף למשה, אני הגדתי ליעקב כי יוסף חי:
I am [from the people of the city] that are loyal and trustworthy to Yisroel. I am from the people of the city that are loyal and trustworthy to Yisroel and to the king. An Aggadic Midrash [states:] this was Serach, the daughter of Asher. I faithfully rewarded those who faithful [to God]: Through me, the location of Yosef's coffin was revealed to Moshe. I told Yakov that Yosef was alive.
וַיַּעַן יוֹאָב וַיֹּאמַר חָלִילָה חָלִילָה לִי אִם־אֲבַלַּע וְאִם־אַשְׁחִֽית׃
Yoav replied, and said, "Far be it, far be it from me that I would devour and I would destroy.
Yoav replied, and said, "Far be it, far be it from me that I would devour and I would destroy.
Rashi
חלילה חלילה לי. חלילה לי, חלילה למלך:
Far be it, far be it from me. Far be it from me, far be it from the king.
לֹא־כֵן הַדָּבָר כִּי אִישׁ מֵהַר אֶפְרַיִם שֶׁבַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִי שְׁמוֹ נָשָׂא יָדוֹ בַּמֶּלֶךְ בְּדָוִד תְּנוּ־אֹתוֹ לְבַדּוֹ וְאֵלְכָה מֵעַל הָעִיר וַתֹּאמֶר הָאִשָּׁה אֶל־יוֹאָב הִנֵּה רֹאשׁוֹ מֻשְׁלָךְ אֵלֶיךָ בְּעַד הַחוֹמָֽה׃
That is not the case because it is a man from Har Ephraim, whose name is Shevah, the son of Bichri, has lifted up his hand against king Dovid. Give him alone to us and we wil go away from the city." The woman said to Yoav, "His head will be thrown to you over the wall."
That is not the case because it is a man from Har Ephraim, whose name is Shevah, the son of Bichri, has lifted up his hand against king Dovid. Give him alone to us and we wil go away from the city." The woman said to Yoav, "His head will be thrown to you over the wall."
Rashi
נשא ידו במלך בדוד. במלך אפילו אינו דוד, חייב מיתה, ובדוד אפילו אינו מלך, חייב מיתה, וכל שכן במלך בדוד, כך נדרש במדרש קהלת (ט יח):
Lifted his hand against the king, Dovid. Against the king even if it were not Dovid he is punishable by death. Alternatively if it were against Dovid [who is a scholar] even if he was not the king, he [Shevah] is punishable by death. All the much more so [now that he has rebelled] against the king, against Dovid. This is how this verse is expounded upon in the Midrash Koheles.
וַתָּבוֹא הָאִשָּׁה אֶל־כׇּל־הָעָם בְּחׇכְמָתָהּ וַֽיִּכְרְתוּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ שֶׁבַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִי וַיַּשְׁלִכוּ אֶל־יוֹאָב וַיִּתְקַע בַּשֹּׁפָר וַיָּפֻצוּ מֵעַל־הָעִיר אִישׁ לְאֹהָלָיו וְיוֹאָב שָׁב יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ {ס}
The woman came [and spoke] to all the people with her [persuasive] wisdom. They cut off the head of Shevah, the son of Bichri and threw it to Yoav: He blew the trumpet and they disengaged from the city and dispersed, each man returning to his home. Yoav returned to Yerusholoyim to the king.
The woman came [and spoke] to all the people with her [persuasive] wisdom. They cut off the head of Shevah, the son of Bichri and threw it to Yoav: He blew the trumpet and they disengaged from the city and dispersed, each man returning to his home. Yoav returned to Yerusholoyim to the king.
Rashi
ותבא האשה אל כל העם בחכמתה. שנינו בתוספתא (תרומות סוף פרק ז): אמרה להם: הואיל והוא נהרג והם נהרגין, תנוהו להם, אם היה יכול להנצל, כגון שהוא מבפנים ואתם מבחוץ, ואתם בסכנה והוא יכול להמלט, אין דוחין נפש מפני נפש להורגו בשביל הצלתכם, אבל עכשיו שגם הוא יהרג עמכם, הואיל ונהרסו החומות ואין כח להמלט, מוטב ימות לבדו ואל תמותו עמו רבי שמעון אומר, כך אמרה להם: המורד במלכות בית דוד חייב מיתה:
The woman came [and spoke] to all the people. It is taught in a Tosefta:9Terumos 7:23. "She said to them, 'Since both he will be killed and they will be killed [they should] hand him over to them.10To Yoav’s men. If he were able to be saved, for example he was inside and you were on the outside and you were in mortal danger [fighting Yoav] [but] he could escape11While you would be fighting. [then we have a rule that] it is prohibited to let one person be killed in order to save another, [therefore, you cannot] have him killed to save yourselves. But now that he is [anyway] going to be killed with you because the walls have been breached and there is no possibility of escape,12For anyone. [then] it is better that he alone die and you should not die along with him.' Rebbe Shimon said, this is what she said to them, 'Anyone who has rebelled against the kingdom of the House of Dovid is punishable by death.'13Threfore Shevah must be killed in order for you to be spared.
וְיוֹאָב אֶל כׇּל־הַצָּבָא יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבְנָיָה בֶּן־יְהוֹיָדָע עַל־(הכרי) [הַכְּרֵתִי] וְעַל־הַפְּלֵתִֽי׃
Yoav commanded the entire army of Yisroel. Venoyoh, the son of Yehoyodoh was [in charge of] the archers and the slingers.
Yoav commanded the entire army of Yisroel. Venoyoh, the son of Yehoyodoh was [in charge of] the archers and the slingers.
Rashi
ויואב אל כל הצבא. אף על פי שאמר דוד על עמשא (לעיל יט יד): כי שר צבא אשימך תחת יואב, עכשיו שמת עמשא, לא זז יואב ממקומו, ועל ידי יואב הוזקק למנות את חביריו:
Yoav commanded the entire army. Despite the fact that Dovid had said to Amosoh, "I will make you the commanding general in Yoav's stead",14Earlier in 19:14. now that Amsoh was dead Yoav was not replaced. And because of Yoav [remaining commander], he [Dovid] had to appoint his [Yoav's] friends.15To the positions mentioned in the next few verses.
וַאֲדֹרָם עַל־הַמַּס וִיהוֹשָׁפָט בֶּן־אֲחִילוּד הַמַּזְכִּֽיר׃
Adorom [was put in charge] over taxes. Yehoshophot, the son of Achilud was the chronicler.
Adorom [was put in charge] over taxes. Yehoshophot, the son of Achilud was the chronicler.
(ושיא) [וּשְׁוָא] סֹפֵר וְצָדוֹק וְאֶבְיָתָר כֹּהֲנִֽים׃
Shov was the scribe and Tsodok and Evyosor were the chief Kohanim.
Shov was the scribe and Tsodok and Evyosor were the chief Kohanim.
וְגַם עִירָא הַיָּאִרִי הָיָה כֹהֵן לְדָוִֽד׃ {ס}
Eiroh the Yoiri was also a Kohein for Dovid.
Eiroh the Yoiri was also a Kohein for Dovid.
Rashi
עירא היארי. תרגם יונתן: עירא יאיראה דמן תקוע. וכן הוא קרוי בספר הזה (לקמן כג כו): עירא בן עיקש התקועי. ו'יאירי' נקרא, על שם ששנינו במנחות (פה ב): תקוע אלפא לשמן, ששמן זית מצוי לשם, שממנו מדליקין הנרות:
Eiroh the Yoiri. Yonoson translated: "Eiroh who gives forth light from Tekuah." And so is he referred to in this book Eiroh ben Eikash of Tekuah. He was called Yoiri because it is taught in Menochos,16Menochos 85b. "Tekuah was first in [olive] oil," because olive oil was prevalent there from which candles are lit [in the Beis Mikdosh].
היה כהן לדוד. לו היה נותן כל מתנות כהונה שלו, כך אמרו רבותינו (עירובין סג א) ופשוטו של מקרא, שעשאו שר ושופט:
Was a Kokein for Dovid. He [Dovid] would give him [Eiroh] all his Kehunah gifts, that is what our Rabbis explained.17Eiruvin 63a. The simple explanation of the verse is that he [Dovid] made him [Eiroh] an officer and a judge.
ושם נקרא. נזדמן, לשון (צפניה א ז): הקדיש קרואיו ; (לעיל יג כג): ויקרא אבשלום לכל בני המלך, לשון זימון:
There, he invited. Invited Language like that of "He invited his guests."1Tsaphania 1:7. "Avsholom invited all the king's children."2Shmuel II, 13:23. Language denoting "inviting".