Achrei Mot, Aliyah 2 אחרי מות, שני

אל המזבח אשר לפני ה'. זֶה מִזְבַּח הַזָּהָב שֶׁהוּא לִפְנֵי ה' — בַּהֵיכָל, וּמַה תַּ"ל וְיָצָא? לְפִי שֶׁהִזָּה הַהַזָּאוֹת עַל הַפָּרֹכֶת וְעָמַד מִן הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְלִפְנִים וְהִזָּה, וּבְמַתְּנוֹת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ הִזְקִיקוֹ לָצֵאת מִן הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְלַחוּץ וְיַתְחִיל מִקֶּרֶן מִזְרָחִית צְפוֹנִית (יומא נ"ח):

אל המזבח אשר ‎'לפני ה‎‎‎ [AND HE SHALL GO OUT] UNTO THE ALTAR THAT IS BEFORE THE LORD — i. e. unto the golden altar which is before the Lord viz., in the היכל. But why then (if the golden altar is intended) does Scripture state ויצא, “he shall go out" since he did not then leave the area where he officiated before? But because immediately before he made the sprinklings in front of the Partition Vail (cf. Rashi on the preceding verse) and was standing inwards (i.e. westwards) from the altar when sprinkling, whilst for the purpose of sprinkling the blood upon the horns of the altar Scripture forced him to go outwards from the altar (i. e. to its east-side, the side facing the exit) so that he should begin the sprinklings from the north-east corner, therefore it rightly Uses the term ויצא, he shall go out" i. e. move alongside the altar towards the exit (Sifra, Acharei Mot, Chapter 4 7-8; Yoma 58b).

וכפר עליו. מַה הִיא כַפָּרָתוֹ? ולקח מדם הפר ומדם השעיר מְעֹרָבִין זֶה לְתוֹךְ זֶה (שם נ"ז):

וכפר עליו AND HE SHALL MAKE EXPIATION FOR IT — wherein does this expiation consist? ולקח מדם הפר ומדם השעיר that HE TAKETH OF THE BLOOD OF THE BULLOCK AND OF THE BLOOD OF THE GOAT mingled one with the other and sprinkles it (Sifra, Acharei Mot, Chapter 4 9; Yoma 57b).

והזה עליו מן הדם. אַחַר שֶׁנָּתַן מַתָּנוֹת בְּאֶצְבָּעוֹ עַל קַרְנוֹתָיו מַזֶּה שֶׁבַע הַזָּאוֹת עַל גַּגּוֹ:

והזה עליו מן הדם AND HE SHALL SPRINKLE UPON IT WITH THE BLOOD — After he has made with his finger the application of the blood upon the horns of the altar he shall make seven sprinklings on its top (עליו signifies "upon it") (cf. Sifra, Acharei Mot, Chapter 4 12).

וטהרו. מִמַּה שֶּׁעָבָר:

וטהרו AND THUS HE CLEANSES IT from the defilement that happened to it in the past,

וקדשו. לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא (ספרא):

וקדשו AND HALLOWS IT for use in the future (Sifra, Acharei Mot, Chapter 4 13)

איש עתי. הַמּוּכָן לְכָךְ מִיּוֹם אֶתְמוֹל:

איש עתי A READY MAN — one who was held in readiness for this purpose from yesterday (Yoma 66a; Sifra, Acharei Mot, Section 4 8).

ובא אהרן אל אהל מועד. אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ שֶׁאֵין זֶה מְקוֹמוֹ שֶׁל מִקְרָא זֶה וְנָתְנוּ טַעַם לְדִבְרֵיהֶם בְּמַסֶּכֶת יוֹמָא (דף ל"ב), וְאָמְרוּ: כָּל הַפָּרָשָׁה כֻּלָּהּ נֶאֶמְרָה עַל הַסֵּדֶר חוּץ מִבִּיאָה זוֹ שֶׁהִיא אַחַר עֲשִֹיַּת עוֹלָתוֹ וְעוֹלַת הָעָם, וְהַקְטָרַת אֵמוּרֵי פַּר וְשָֹעִיר, שֶׁנַּעֲשִֹים בַּחוּץ בְּבִגְדֵי זָהָב, וְטוֹבֵל וּמְקַדֵּשׁ וּפוֹשְׁטָן וְלוֹבֵשׁ בִּגְדֵי לָבָן, ובא אל אהל מועד לְהוֹצִיא אֶת הַכַּף וְאֶת הַמַּחְתָּה שֶׁהִקְטִיר בָּהּ הַקְּטֹרֶת לִפְנַי וְלִפְנִים:

ובא אהרן אל אהל מועד AND AARON SHALL COME INTO THE APPOINTED TENT — Our Rabbis said (Sifra, Acharei Mot, Chapter 6 2; Yoma 32a), that this is not the proper place for this verse (it should be read after v. 25) and they gave a reason for this assertion in Treatise Yoma 32a. They said: The whole section is written in the order in which the rites actually took place with the exception of this "coming" into the appointed tent which was really done after he (the High-Priest) had offered his burnt offering and the burnt offering of the people (v. 24) and also after the burning of the fat-parts of the bullock and the goat, which rites were performed outside the Sanctuary (i. e. in the fore-court) he being then attired in the golden garments. This having been done he immersed himself, sanctified himself (i. e. washed his hands and feet), took them (the golden garments) off, and put on the linen garments and only then, ובא אהרן אל אהל מועד DID HE COME INTO THE APPOINTED TENT in order to bring out the spoon and the censer in which he had burnt the incense in the "Innermost" (the Holy of Holies).

ופשט את בגדי הבד. אַחַר שֶׁהוֹצִיאָהּ, וְלוֹבֵשׁ בִּגְדֵי זָהָב לְתָמִיד שֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם; וְזֶהוּ סֵדֶר הָעֲבוֹדוֹת: תָּמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר בְּבִגְדֵי זָהָב, וַעֲבוֹדַת פַּר וְשָׂעִיר הַפְּנִימִיִּים וּקְטֹרֶת שֶׁל מַחְתָּה בְּבִגְדֵי לָבָן, וְאֵילוֹ וְאֵיל הָעָם וּמִקְצַת הַמּוּסָפִין בְּבִגְדֵי זָהָב, וְהוֹצָאַת כַּף וּמַחְתָּה בְּבִגְדֵי לָבָן, וּשְׁיָרֵי הַמּוּסָפִין וְתָמִיד שֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם וּקְטֹרֶת הַהֵיכָל שֶׁעַל מִזְבֵּחַ הַפְּנִימִי בְּבִגְדֵי זָהָב; וְסֵדֶר הַמִּקְרָאוֹת לְפִי הָעֲבוֹדוֹת כָּךְ הוּא: וְשִׁלַּח אֶת הַשָּׂעִיר בַּמִּדְבָּר, וְרָחַץ אֶת בְּשָׂרוֹ בַמַּיִם וְגוֹ', וְיָצָא וְעָשָׂה אֶת עֹלָתוֹ וְגוֹ', וְאֵת חֵלֶב הַחַטָּאת וְגוֹ', וְכָל הַפָּרָשָׁה עַד וְאַחֲרֵי כֵן יָבוֹא אֶל הַמַּחֲנֶה — וְאַחַר כָּךְ וּבָא אַהֲרֹן:

ופשט את בגדי הבד AND HE SHALL PUT OFF THE LINEN GARMENTS — after he had brought it (the censer) out. Then he attired himself in his golden garments to offer the continual burnt offering due in the afternoon. Thus the order of the services on the Day of Atonement was as follows: The offering of the morning continual offering — in the golden garments; the service connected with the bullock and the ram the blood of both of which was sprinkled in the Interior, (v. 6—22) and the offering of the incense in the censer (in the Holy of Holies) — in the linen garments. The offering of his (the High-Priest's) ram and that of the people and one part of the additional offerings (the seven lambs mentioned in Numbers 29:8; cf. Yoma 70a) — in the golden garments. The bringing out of the spoon and the censer — in the linen garments. Finally the offering of the remaining additional offerings (the bullock and the ram mentioned in Numbers 29:8, 11) and of the continual burnt offering due in the afternoon and of the daily incense in the היכל. which was burnt on the golden altar — in the golden garments. The sequence of the Scriptural verses according to the rites as actually performed is as follows: "and he shall send the goat forth into the desert" (v. 22), then "and he shall lave his flesh with water …. and come out and burn his burnt offering etc." (v. 24) and the whole section up to "and afterwards he shall come into the camp" (end of v. 28), and only after this (v. 23) "and Aaron shall come etc."

והניחם שם. מְלַמֵּד שֶׁטְּעוּנִין גְּנִיזָה וְלֹא יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בְּאוֹתָן ד' בְגָדִים לְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים אַחֵר (יומא י"ב):

והניחם שם AND HE SHALL PUT THEM THERE — This teaches us that they (the linen garments) must be laid by and that he must not officiate in those four garments again on any subsequent Day of Atonement (Sifra, Acharei Mot, Chapter 6 7; Yoma 12b).

ורחץ את בשרו וגו'. לְמַעְלָה לָמַדְנוּ מִ"וְרָחַץ אֶת בְּשָֹרוֹ וּלְבֵשָׁם" שֶׁכְּשֶׁהוּא מְשַׁנֶּה מִבִּגְדֵי זָהָב לְבִגְדֵי לָבָן טָעוּן טְבִילָה, — שֶׁבְּאוֹתָהּ טְבִילָה פָשַׁט בִּגְדֵי זָהָב שֶׁעָבַד בָּהֶן עֲבוֹדַת תָּמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר וְלוֹבֵשׁ בִּגְדֵי לָבָן לַעֲבוֹדַת הַיּוֹם, — וְכָאן לָמַדְנוּ שֶׁכְּשֶׁהוּא מְשַׁנֶּה מִבִּגְדֵי לָבָן לְבִגְדֵי זָהָב טָעוּן טְבִילָה (שם ל"ב):

'ורחץ את בשרו וגו‎‎ AND HE SHALL LAVE HIS FLESH etc. — Above (v. 4) we have learned from the statement "therefore shall he lave his flesh and so put them on" that whenever he (the High-Priest) changed from the golden garments into the linen ones he had to immerse himself (for on the occasion of that immersion, mentioned v. 4, he took off his golden garments in which he performed the service connected with the continual burnt offering due in the morning and put on the linen garments for the performance of the service peculiar to that Day); here, however, we are told that whenever he changed from the linen garments into the golden ones he had also to immerse himself (Sifra, Acharei Mot, Chapter 6 3; Yoma 32).

במקום קדוש. הַמְקֻדָּשׁ בִּקְדֻשַּׁת עֲזָרָה; וְהִיא הָיְתָה בְגַג בֵּית הַפַּרְוָה, וְכֵן אַרְבַּע טְבִילוֹת הַבָּאוֹת חוֹבָה לַיּוֹם, אֲבָל הָרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיְתָה בַחֹל (שם י"ט):

במקום קדוש [AND HE SHALL LAVE HIS FLESH WITH WATER] IN A HOLY PLACE — i.e. in a place which has the sanctity of the fore-court. It (the immersion) took place (later on when the Temple was built) on the roof of the so-called Parva-compartment. Similarly also all the four immersions that formed a special obligation for the Day alone. The first immersion, however, (that which took place immediately before entering the עזרה to offer the תמיד של שחר) was taken in an unsanctified place (i.e. outside the fore-court) (Yoma 30a).

ולבש את בגדיו. שְׁמוֹנָה בְגָדִים שֶׁהוּא עוֹבֵד בָּהֶן כָּל יְמוֹת הַשָּׁנָה:

ולבש את בגדיו AND HE SHALL PUT ON HIS GARMENTS — i. e. the eight garments in which he officiated on every day of the year.

ויצא. מִן הַהֵיכָל אֶל הֶחָצֵר שֶׁמִּזְבַּח הָעוֹלָה שָׁם:

ויצא AND HE SHALL COME OUT from the היכל into the fore-court where was the altar of the burnt offering. ...

ועשה את עלתו. אַיִל לְעוֹלָה הָאָמוּר לְמַעְלָה:

ועשה את עלתו AND HE SHALL MAKE HIS BURNT OFFERING — "the ram for a burnt offering" mentioned above (v. 3) (cf. Yoma 70b).

ואת עלת העם. וְאַיִל אֶחָד לְעוֹלָה הָאָמוּר לְמַעְלָה "וּמֵאֵת עַדַת בְּנֵי יִשְֹרָאֵל" וְגוֹ':

ואת עלת העם AND THE BURNT OFFERING OF THE PEOPLE — This is identical with "a ram for a burnt offering" mentioned above (v. 5) which begins with the words "And he shall take from the congregation of the children of Israel … [a ram for a burnt offering]".