Vayikra
Vayikra, Aliyah 4 ויקרא, רביעי
Part of: VayikraVayikra, Aliyah 4Chapter 3Petuchah, Leviticus 3:1Petuchah, Leviticus 3:6Petuchah, Leviticus 3:12
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Vayikra 3
וְאִם־זֶבַח שְׁלָמִים קׇרְבָּנוֹ אִם מִן־הַבָּקָר הוּא מַקְרִיב אִם־זָכָר אִם־נְקֵבָה תָּמִים יַקְרִיבֶנּוּ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃
If his offering is a peace -offering; if his offering is of cattle [whether] male or female; he shall bring it unblemished before Adonoy.
If his offering is a peace -offering; if his offering is of cattle [whether] male or female; he shall bring it unblemished before Adonoy.
Rashi
וְסָמַךְ יָדוֹ עַל־רֹאשׁ קׇרְבָּנוֹ וּשְׁחָטוֹ פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וְזָרְקוּ בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֲנִים אֶת־הַדָּם עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִֽיב׃
He shall lay his hand on the head of his offering and slaughter it at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting. The sons of Aharon, the kohanim, will sprinkle the blood all around the altar.
He shall lay his hand on the head of his offering and slaughter it at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting. The sons of Aharon, the kohanim, will sprinkle the blood all around the altar.
וְהִקְרִיב מִזֶּבַח הַשְּׁלָמִים אִשֶּׁה לַיהֹוָה אֶת־הַחֵלֶב הַֽמְכַסֶּה אֶת־הַקֶּרֶב וְאֵת כׇּל־הַחֵלֶב אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַקֶּֽרֶב׃
He shall bring from the peace-offering, as a fire-offering to Adonoy, the fat covering the innards, and all the fat on the innards.
He shall bring from the peace-offering, as a fire-offering to Adonoy, the fat covering the innards, and all the fat on the innards.
Rashi
ואת כל החלב וגו'. לְהָבִיא חֵלֶב שֶׁעַל הַקֵּבָה דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר לְהָבִיא חֵלֶב שֶׁעַל הַדַּקִּין (שם):
'ואת כל החלב וגו [AND HE SHALL OFFER … ALL THE FAT THAT COVERETH THE INWARDS] AND ALL THE FAT [THAT IS UPON THE INWARDS] — These apparently redundant words are intended to include in the command the fat also that lies upon the maw. This is the opinion of Rabbi Ishmael; Rabbi Akiba holds that they are intended to include only the fat that is on the gut (Sifra, Vayikra Dibbura d'Nedavah, Section 14 6; cf. Chullin 49b).
וְאֵת שְׁתֵּי הַכְּלָיֹת וְאֶת־הַחֵלֶב אֲשֶׁר עֲלֵהֶן אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַכְּסָלִים וְאֶת־הַיֹּתֶרֶת עַל־הַכָּבֵד עַל־הַכְּלָיוֹת יְסִירֶֽנָּה׃
The two kidneys and the fat on them that are on the flanks. The lobe on the liver, he shall remove together with the kidneys.
The two kidneys and the fat on them that are on the flanks. The lobe on the liver, he shall remove together with the kidneys.
Rashi
הכסלים. פלנק"ש בְּלַעַז; שֶׁהַחֵלֶב שֶׁעַל הַכְּלָיוֹת כְּשֶׁהַבְּהֵמָה חַיָּה הוּא בְּגֹבַהּ הַכְּסָלִים מִלְּמַטָּה, וְזֶה הַחֵלֶב שֶׁתַּחַת הַמָּתְנַיִם — שֶׁקּוֹרִין בְּלַעַז לונבי"לוש — לֹבֶן הַנִּרְאֶה לְמַעְלָה בְּגֹבַהּ הַכְּסָלִים, וּבְתַחְתִּיתוֹ הַבָּשָֹר חוֹפֵהוּ:
הכסלים — Flancs in O. F. — It speaks of the fat which is on (על) the kidneys being also on (על) the flanks because the fat that is upon the kidneys is, when the animal is living, on the uppermost part of the flanks, and they (the kidneys) are in a downward position. This is the fat which is under the loins — what are called lombles in O. F.; it is that white fat which is visible upon the upper part of the flanks, but on their lower part the flesh covers it, (and this latter portion of the fat is therefore not upon but under the flanks).
היתרת. הוּא דֹּפֶן הַמָּסָךְ שֶׁקּוֹרִין איברי"ש, וּבְלָשׁוֹן אֲרַמִּי חִצְרָא דְּכַבְדָּא:
היותרת is the protecting wall (membrane) over the liver which is called abris in O. F. In the Aramaic language it is called חצרא דכבדא the lobe of the liver.
על הכבד. שֶׁיִּטֹּל מִן הַכָּבֵד עִמָּהּ מְעַט, וּבְמָקוֹם אַחֵר הוּא אוֹמֵר וְאֶת הַיֹּתֶרֶת מִן הַכָּבֵד (ויקרא ט'):
על הכבד — This must mean that he shall take a little of the liver with it, for in another place it distinctly states, (Leviticus 9:10) “and the יותרת מן הכבד [he caused to ascend in fumes]” (Sifra, Vayikra Dibbura d'Nedavah, Section 14 8).
על הכבד על הכליות. לְבַד מִן הַכָּבֵד וּלְבַד מִן הַכְּלָיוֹת יְסִירֶנָּה לְזוֹ:
על הכבד על הכליות — means, besides the part of the liver and besides the kidneys shall he remove this (the יותרת).
וְהִקְטִירוּ אֹתוֹ בְנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹן הַמִּזְבֵּחָה עַל־הָעֹלָה אֲשֶׁר עַל־הָעֵצִים אֲשֶׁר עַל־הָאֵשׁ אִשֵּׁה רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ לַֽיהֹוָֽה׃ {פ}
The sons of Aharon shall burn it on the altar along with the burnt-offering that is on the logs which are on the fire; a fire-offering of pleasing fragrance to Adonoy.
The sons of Aharon shall burn it on the altar along with the burnt-offering that is on the logs which are on the fire; a fire-offering of pleasing fragrance to Adonoy.
Rashi
על העלה. מִלְּבַד הָעוֹלָה; לִמְּדָנוּ שֶׁתִּקְדֹּם עוֹלַת תָּמִיד לְכָל קָרְבָּן עַל הַמַּעֲרָכָה (זבחים פ"ט):
העולה על means [HE SHALL BURN IT] BESIDES THE BURNT OFFERING. Scripture thus teaches us that the continual burnt-offering should be placed on the wood-pile before any other sacrifice (cf. Zevachim 89a; Tosafot on Zevachim 89a 1.1. כל התדיר and Rashi on Exodus 6:5).
וְאִם־מִן־הַצֹּאן קׇרְבָּנוֹ לְזֶבַח שְׁלָמִים לַיהֹוָה זָכָר אוֹ נְקֵבָה תָּמִים יַקְרִיבֶֽנּוּ׃
If his offering is of sheep as a peace-offering to Adonoy, he shall bring an unblemished male or female.
If his offering is of sheep as a peace-offering to Adonoy, he shall bring an unblemished male or female.
אִם־כֶּשֶׂב הֽוּא־מַקְרִיב אֶת־קׇרְבָּנוֹ וְהִקְרִיב אֹתוֹ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃
If he is bringing a lamb as his offering, he shall bring it before Adonoy.
If he is bringing a lamb as his offering, he shall bring it before Adonoy.
Rashi
אם כשב. לְפִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּאֵמוּרֵי הַכֶּשֶׂב מַה שֶּׁאֵין בְּאֵמוּרֵי הָעֵז, שֶׁהַכֶּשֶׂב אַלְיָתוֹ קְרֵבָה, לְכָךְ נֶחְלְקוּ לִשְׁתֵּי פָּרָשִׁיּוֹת (ספרא):
אם כשב IF [HE OFFER] A LAMB — Because there is amongst the fat-portions of the lamb something which is not amongst the fat-portions of the goat, — for of the lamb the fat-tail (אליה) is offered, — therefore they (the law regarding the lamb and that regarding the goat) have been divided into two separate paragraphs (whilst in the case of the free-will עולה they are contained in one paragraph, Leviticus 1:10—13, since there is no difference in the laws regarding these two animals) (cf. Sifra, Vayikra Dibbura d'Nedavah, Chapter 18 4).
וְסָמַךְ אֶת־יָדוֹ עַל־רֹאשׁ קׇרְבָּנוֹ וְשָׁחַט אֹתוֹ לִפְנֵי אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וְזָרְקוּ בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן אֶת־דָּמוֹ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִֽיב׃
He shall lay his hand on the head of his offering and slaughter it at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting. The sons of Aharon, the kohanim will sprinkle its blood all around the altar.
He shall lay his hand on the head of his offering and slaughter it at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting. The sons of Aharon, the kohanim will sprinkle its blood all around the altar.
Rashi
וזרקו. שְׁתֵּי מַתָּנוֹת שֶׁהֵן אַרְבַּע; וְעַל יְדֵי הַכְּלִי הוּא זוֹרֵק, וְאֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן בָּאֶצְבַּע אֶלָּא חַטָּאת (זבחים נ"ה):
וזרקו AND [AARON'S SONS] SHALL DASH THE BLOOD THEREOF [ROUND ABOUT] — two applications of the blood are necessary so as to constitute four (cf. Rashi on Leviticus 1:5). He (the priest) dashes the blood with a vessel (Zevachim 55a); it is only the blood of the sin-offering that he applies with his finger (Zevachim 53a).
וְהִקְרִיב מִזֶּבַח הַשְּׁלָמִים אִשֶּׁה לַיהֹוָה חֶלְבּוֹ הָאַלְיָה תְמִימָה לְעֻמַּת הֶעָצֶה יְסִירֶנָּה וְאֶת־הַחֵלֶב הַֽמְכַסֶּה אֶת־הַקֶּרֶב וְאֵת כׇּל־הַחֵלֶב אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַקֶּֽרֶב׃
He shall bring of the peace-offering as a fire-offering to Adonoy, its fat; the entire tail; he shall remove it right near the back-bone. The fat covering the innards, and all the fat on the innards.
He shall bring of the peace-offering as a fire-offering to Adonoy, its fat; the entire tail; he shall remove it right near the back-bone. The fat covering the innards, and all the fat on the innards.
Rashi
חלבו. הַמֻּבְחָר שֶׁבּוֹ, וּמַהוּ? זֶה הָאַלְיָה תְּמִימָה:
חלבו means: the choicest part in it; and what is this? The whole fat-tail.
לעמת העצה. לְמַעְלָה מִן הַכְּלָיוֹת הַיּוֹעֲצוֹת:
לעמת הָעֶצָה — i. e. above the kidneys which give counsel (עֵצָה) (cf. Rashi on Exodus 29:22 and Note thereon).
וְאֵת שְׁתֵּי הַכְּלָיֹת וְאֶת־הַחֵלֶב אֲשֶׁר עֲלֵהֶן אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַכְּסָלִים וְאֶת־הַיֹּתֶרֶת עַל־הַכָּבֵד עַל־הַכְּלָיֹת יְסִירֶֽנָּה׃
The two kidneys and the fat on them that are on the flanks. The lobe on the liver he shall remove together with the kidneys.
The two kidneys and the fat on them that are on the flanks. The lobe on the liver he shall remove together with the kidneys.
וְהִקְטִירוֹ הַכֹּהֵן הַמִּזְבֵּחָה לֶחֶם אִשֶּׁה לַיהֹוָֽה׃ {פ}
The kohein shall burn it on the altar; it is the food of the fire-offering of Adonoy.
The kohein shall burn it on the altar; it is the food of the fire-offering of Adonoy.
Rashi
לחם אשה לה'. לַחְמוֹ שֶׁל אֵשׁ לְשֵׁם גָּבוֹהַּ:
'לחם אשה לה means: it is the food of the fire in honour of the Lord. (The translation is not: it is food, a fire offering unto the Lord; לחם is construct, and the words must be translated as Rashi does).
לחם. לְשׁוֹן מַאֲכָל, וְכֵן נַשְׁחִיתָה עֵץ בְּלַחְמוֹ (ירמיהו י"א), עֲבַד לְחֶם רַב (דניאל ה'), לִשְֹחוֹק עֹשִֹׁים לֶחֶם (קהלת י'):
לחם is a general expression for food. Similar is, (Jeremiah 11:19) “let us destroy the tree with the fruit thereof (בלחמו)”; (Daniel 5:1) “[Belshazzar] made a great banquet (לחם)”; (Ecclesiastes 10:19) “It is for laughter that a banquet (לחם) is made”.
וְאִם עֵז קׇרְבָּנוֹ וְהִקְרִיבוֹ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃
If his offering is a goat, he shall bring it before Adonoy.
If his offering is a goat, he shall bring it before Adonoy.
וְסָמַךְ אֶת־יָדוֹ עַל־רֹאשׁוֹ וְשָׁחַט אֹתוֹ לִפְנֵי אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וְזָרְקוּ בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן אֶת־דָּמוֹ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִֽיב׃
He shall lay his hand on its head and slaughter it in front of the Tent of Meeting. The sons of Aharon will sprinkle its blood all around the altar.
He shall lay his hand on its head and slaughter it in front of the Tent of Meeting. The sons of Aharon will sprinkle its blood all around the altar.
וְהִקְרִיב מִמֶּנּוּ קׇרְבָּנוֹ אִשֶּׁה לַֽיהֹוָה אֶת־הַחֵלֶב הַֽמְכַסֶּה אֶת־הַקֶּרֶב וְאֵת כׇּל־הַחֵלֶב אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַקֶּֽרֶב׃
He shall bring from his offering as a fire-offering to Adonoy, the fat covering the innards, and all the fat on the innards,
He shall bring from his offering as a fire-offering to Adonoy, the fat covering the innards, and all the fat on the innards,
וְאֵת שְׁתֵּי הַכְּלָיֹת וְאֶת־הַחֵלֶב אֲשֶׁר עֲלֵהֶן אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַכְּסָלִים וְאֶת־הַיֹּתֶרֶת עַל־הַכָּבֵד עַל־הַכְּלָיֹת יְסִירֶֽנָּה׃
the two kidneys and the fat on them that are on the flanks. The lobe on the liver he shall remove together with the kidneys.
the two kidneys and the fat on them that are on the flanks. The lobe on the liver he shall remove together with the kidneys.
וְהִקְטִירָם הַכֹּהֵן הַמִּזְבֵּחָה לֶחֶם אִשֶּׁה לְרֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ כׇּל־חֵלֶב לַיהֹוָֽה׃
He shall burn them on the altar, the food of the fire-offering for a pleasing fragrance; all fat [belongs] to Adonoy.
He shall burn them on the altar, the food of the fire-offering for a pleasing fragrance; all fat [belongs] to Adonoy.
חֻקַּת עוֹלָם לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם בְּכֹל מוֹשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶם כׇּל־חֵלֶב וְכׇל־דָּם לֹא תֹאכֵֽלוּ׃ {פ}
As an everlasting statute for all your descendants in all of your dwelling places; you may not eat any fat, nor any blood.
As an everlasting statute for all your descendants in all of your dwelling places; you may not eat any fat, nor any blood.
Rashi
חקת עולם. יָפֶה מְפֹרָשׁ בְּתוֹרַת כֹּהֲנִים כָּל הַפָּסוּק הַזֶּה:
חקת עולם This whole verse is well expounded in Torath Cohanim (Sifra, Vayikra Dibbura d'Nedavah, Chapter 20 6-8).
שלמים. שֶׁמְּטִילִים שָׁלוֹם בָּעוֹלָם; דָּ"אַ: שְׁלָמִים שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם שָׁלוֹם לַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְלַכֹּהֲנִים וְלַבְּעָלִים (ספרא):
שלמים PEACE-OFFERINGS — They are so called because they bring peace (שלום) into the world. Another explanation is: they are called שלמים because through them there is “peace” (harmony and lack of envy) to the altar, to the priests and to the owners (since all these receive a portion) (cf. Rashi on Exodus 29:22 and our Note thereon; see also Sifra, Vayikra Dibbura d'Nedavah, Chapter 16 2).