דברים ל״ד:א׳-י״ב

מערבת מואב אל הר נבו. כַּמָּה מַעֲלוֹת הָיוּ וּפְסָעָן מֹשֶׁה בִּפְסִיעָה אַחַת (סוטה י"ג):

From the plains of Moav to Mount Nevo. There were a number of elevations, but Moshe vaulted them in a single leap.

את כל הארץ. הֶרְאָהוּ אֶת כָּל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּשַׁלְוָתָהּ, וְהַמְּצִּיקִין הָעֲתִידִים לִהְיוֹת מְצִיקִין לָהּ:

The entire land. He showed him all of Eretz Yisroel in its tranquility, and the oppressors who are destined to afflict it.

עד דן. הֶרְאָהוּ בְנֵי דָן עוֹבְדִים עֲבוֹדַה זָרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שופטים י"ח) "וַיָּקִימוּ לָהֶם בְּנֵי דָן אֶת הַפֶּסֶל", וְהֶרְאָהוּ שִׁמְשׁוֹן שֶׁעָתִיד לָצֵאת מִמֶּנּוּ לְמוֹשִׁיעַ:

Till Don. He showed him the idolatrous sons of Don, as it is said, “The sons of Don established for themselves the idol.” And He showed him Shimshon, who was destined to descend from him as a saviour.

ואת כל נפתלי. הֶרְאָהוּ אַרְצוֹ בְּשַׁלְוָתָהּ וְחֻרְבָּנָהּ, וְהֶרְאָהוּ דְּבוֹרָה וּבָרָק מִקֶּדֶשׁ נַפְתָּלִי נִלְחָמִים עִם סִיסְרָא וַחֲיָלוֹתָיו:

And all of Naftoli. He showed him his territory in its tranquility and its desolation, and He showed him Devorah and Barak of Kedesh Naftoli, waging war with Sisera and his legions.

ואת ארץ אפרים ומנשה. הֶרְאָהוּ אַרְצָם בְּשַׁלְוָתָהּ וּבְחֻרְבָּנָהּ, וְהֶרְאָהוּ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ נִלְחָם עִם מַלְכֵי כְנַעַן שֶׁבָּא מֵאֶפְרַיִם, וְגִדְעוֹן שֶׁבָּא מִמְּנַשֶּׁה נִלְחָם עִם מִדְיָן וַעֲמָלֵק:

The land of Ephraim and Menasheh. He showed him their territory in its tranquility and its desolation. He showed him Yehoshua waging war with the kings of Canaan — as he was descended from Ephraim, and Gideon, who was descended from Menasheh, waging war with Midian and Amalek.

ואת כל ארץ יהודה. בְּשַׁלְוָתָהּ וּבְחֻרְבָּנָהּ, וְהֶרְאָהוּ מַלְכוּת בֵּית דָּוִד וְנִצְחוֹנָם:

And all of the land of Yehudah. In its tranquility and its desolation. And He showed him the royal house of Dovid, and their triumphs.

עד הים האחרון. אֶרֶץ הַמַּעֲרָב בְּשַׁלְוָתָהּ וּבְחֻרְבָּנָהּ; דָּ"אַ — אַל תִּקְרֵי הַיָּם הָאַחֲרוֹן אֶלָּא הַיּוֹם הָאַחֲרוֹן, הֶרְאָהוּ הַקָּבָּ"ה כָּל הַמְּאֹרָעוֹת שֶׁעֲתִידִין לֵאָרַע לְיִשְׂרָאֵל עַד שֶׁיִּחְיוּ הַמֵּתִים (ספרי):

Up until the rearward Sea. The western territory, in its tranquility and its desolation. Another interpretation: Don’t read “the rearward Sea,” but “the final day.” The Holy One, Blessed is He, showed him all the events that are destined to befall Yisroel until the rejuvenation of the dead.

ואת הנגב. אֶרֶץ הַדָּרוֹם. דָּ"אַ — מְעָרַת הַמַּכְפֵּלָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וַיַּעֲלוּ בַנֶּגֶב וַיָּבֹא עַד חֶבְרוֹן" (במדבר י"ג):

And the Negev. The southern territory. Another interpretation: The Cave of Machpelah, as it is said, “They went up at the Negev, and he proceeded until Chevron.”

ואת הככר. הֶרְאָהוּ שְׁלֹמֹה יוֹצֵק כְּלֵי בֵית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים א ז') "בְּכִכַּר הַיַּרְדֵּן יְצָקָם הַמֶּלֶךְ בְּמַעֲבֵה הָאֲדָמָה" (ספרי):

And the plain. He showed him Shlomo casting the vessels for the Beis Hamikdosh, as it is said, “In the plain of the Yardein the king cast them, below the surface of the ground.”

לאמר לזרעך אתננה הראיתיך. כְּדֵי שֶׁתֵּלֵךְ וְתֹאמַר לְאַבְרָהָם לְיִצְחָק וּלְיַעֲקֹב, שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁנִּשְׁבַּע לָכֶם הַקָּבָּ"ה קִיְּמָהּ. וְזֶהוּ לאמר, לְכָךְ הֶרְאִיתִיהָ לְךָ, אֲבָל גְּזֵרָה הִיא מִלְּפָנַי שֶׁשָּׁמָּה לא תעבר, שֶׁאִלּוּלֵי כָךְ הָיִיתִי מְקַיֶּמְךָ עַד שֶׁתִּרְאֶה אוֹתָם נְטוּעִים וּקְבוּעִים בָהּ וְתֵלֵךְ וְתַגִּיד לָהֶם:

Saying, ‘I will give it to your descendants’. I have shown it to you. So that you may go forth and say to Avrohom, Yitzchak, and Yaakov, ‘The oath which the Holy One, may He be blessed, pronounced to you has been fulfilled.’ This is [the inference of] “saying” — for this reason I have showed it to you. However, it has been decreed before Me that you shall not make the passage there. Were it not for this, I would have sustained you until you would have observed them implanted and established in it, so that you could have gone forward and related this to them.

וימת שם משה. אֶפְשָׁר מֹשֶׁה מֵת וְכָתַב וימת שם משה? אֶלָּא עַד כָּאן כָּתַב מֹשֶׁה, מִכָּאן וָאֵילָךְ כָּתַב יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר אֶפְשָׁר סֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה חָסֵר כְּלוּם וְהוּא אוֹמֵר (לא, כו) "לָקֹחַ אֵת סֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה הַזֶּה"? אֶלָּא הַקָּבָּ"ה אוֹמֵר וּמֹשֶׁה כוֹתֵב בְּדֶמַע (ספרי; ב"ב ט"ו, מנחות ל'):

Moshe died there. Is it possible that Moshe died, yet he wrote “Moshe died there”? Rather, until this point Moshe wrote, beyond this point, Yehoshua wrote. R’ Meir said, ‘Is it possible that the book of the Torah was incomplete when he said, “Take this book of the Torah”? Rather, the Holy One, Blessed is He, dictated, while Moshe wrote with teardrops.

על פי ה'. בִּנְשִׁיקָה:

By the mouth of Adonoy. With a kiss.

ויקבר אתו. הַקָּבָּ"ה בִּכְבוֹדוֹ. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר הוּא קָבַר אֶת עַצְמוֹ, וְזֶהוּ אֶחָד מִשְּׁלוֹשָׁה אֶתִין שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל דּוֹרֵשׁ כֵּן. כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ "בְּיוֹם מְלֹאת יְמֵי נִזְרוֹ יָבִיא אֹתוֹ" (במדבר ו') — הוּא מֵבִיא אֶת עַצְמוֹ. כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ "וְהִשִּׂיאוּ אוֹתָם עֲוֹן אַשְׁמָה" (ויקרא כ"ב) וְכִי אֲחֵרִים מַשִּׂיאִין אוֹתָם? אֶלָּא הֵם מַשִּׂיאִים אֶת עַצְמָם:

He buried him. The Holy One, Blessed is He, in His glory. R’ Yishmael said, he buried himself. This is one of three “him” wordings which R’ Yishmael interpreted this way. Similarly, “When the days of nazirite status are fulfilled he shall bring ‘him”’ — he brings himself. Similarly, “They burden ‘them’ with the sin of their guilt.” Can others burden them? Rather, they burden themselves.

מול בית פעור. קִבְרוֹ הָיָה מוּכָן שָׁם מִשֵּׁשֶׁת יְמֵי בְרֵאשִׁית לְכַפֵּר עַל מַעֲשֵׂה פְעוֹר, וְזֶה אֶחָד מִן הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁנִּבְרְאוּ בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת (אבות פ"ד; פסחים נ"ד):

Facing Beis Peor. His grave had been readied there since the six days of creation, to atone for the incident at Peor. This was one of the objects created on the eve of Shabbos at twilight.

לא כהתה עינו. אַף מִשֶּׁמֵּת:

His appearance was not dulled. Even after he died.

לא נס לחה. לַחְלוּחִית שֶׁבּוֹ, לֹא שָׁלַט בּוֹ רִקָּבוֹן וְלֹא נֶהְפַּךְ תֹּאַר פָּנָיו:

And his freshness did not fade. His moistness. He was not subject to decay, his countenance was not disfigured.

בני ישראל. הַזְּכָרִים, אֲבָל בְּאַהֲרֹן מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁהָיָה רוֹדֵף שָׁלוֹם וְנוֹתֵן שָׁלוֹם בֵּין אִישׁ לְרֵעֵהוּ וּבֵין אִשָּׁה לְבַעְלָהּ נֶאֱמַר (במדבר כ, כט) "כֹּל בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל" — זְכָרִים וּנְקֵבוֹת (פרדר"א פי"ז):

Bnei [the sons of] Yisroel. The males. But with Aharon, because he pursued peace — making peace between neighbors, between women and their husbands — it is said, “The entire house of Yisroel” — male and female.

אשר ידעו ה' פנים אל פנים. שֶׁהָיָה לִבּוֹ גַּס בּוֹ וּמְדַבֵּר אֵלָיו בְּכָל עֵת שֶׁרוֹצֶה, כָּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְעַתָּה אֶעֱלֶה אֶל ה'" (שמות ל"ב), "עִמְדוּ וְאֶשְׁמְעָה מַה יְּצַוֶּה לָכֶם" (במדבר ט'):

Whom Adonoy knew face-to-face. He [Moshe] had an easy familiarity with Him, and could speak with Him any time he desired, as it is said, “Now I will go up to Adonoy,” “Wait, while I hear His command to you.”

ולכל היד החזקה. שֶׁקִּבֵּל אֶת הַתּוֹרָה בַּלּוּחוֹת בְּיָדָיו:

For the entire strong hand. He received the Torah in the tablets with his hands.

ולכל המורא הגדול. נִסִּים וּגְבוּרוֹת שֶׁבַּמִּדְבָּר הַגָּדוֹל וְהַנּוֹרָא (עי' ספרי):

And for the entire great display. The miracles and mighty deeds in the immense, awesome wilderness.

לעיני כל ישראל. שֶׁנְּשָׂאוֹ לִבּוֹ לִשְׁבֹּר הַלּוּחוֹת לְעֵינֵיהֶם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וָאֲשַׁבְּרֵם לְעֵינֵיכֶם" (דברים ט') וְהִסְכִּימָה דַעַת הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְדַעְתּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אֲשֶׁר שִׁבַּרְתָּ" (שמות ל"ד) — יִישַׁר כֹּחֲךָ שֶׁשִּׁבַּרְתָּ:

In view of all of Yisroel. When he took the liberty of shattering the tablets before their eyes, as it is said, “I shattered them before your eyes.” The Holy One, Blessed is He consented to his opinion, as it is said, “which you shattered” — ‘More power to you for shattering them!’