Tanach
Devarim 26:1-11 דברים כ״ו:א׳-י״א
Part of: Ki TavoKi Tavo, Aliyah 1Chapter 26
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וְהָיָה כִּֽי־תָבוֹא אֶל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לְךָ נַחֲלָה וִֽירִשְׁתָּהּ וְיָשַׁבְתָּ בָּֽהּ׃
When it happens that you come to the land that Adonoy, your God, is giving you as territory, and you inherit it and settle it;
When it happens that you come to the land that Adonoy, your God, is giving you as territory, and you inherit it and settle it;
Rashi
וְלָקַחְתָּ מֵרֵאשִׁית ׀ כׇּל־פְּרִי הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר תָּבִיא מֵֽאַרְצְךָ אֲשֶׁר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לָךְ וְשַׂמְתָּ בַטֶּנֶא וְהָֽלַכְתָּ אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִבְחַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לְשַׁכֵּן שְׁמוֹ שָֽׁם׃
You are to take of the first of all the fruits of the soil that you bring from your land, that Adonoy, your God, is giving you, and place [it] in a basket; and go to the place that Adonoy, your God, chooses to house His Presence there.
You are to take of the first of all the fruits of the soil that you bring from your land, that Adonoy, your God, is giving you, and place [it] in a basket; and go to the place that Adonoy, your God, chooses to house His Presence there.
Rashi
מראשית. וְלֹא כָל רֵאשִׁית, שֶׁאֵין כָּל הַפֵּרוֹת חַיָּבִים בְּבִכּוּרִים אֶלָּא שִׁבְעַת הַמִּינִין בִּלְבַד, נֶאֱמַר כָּאן "אֶרֶץ" וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן (דברים ח') "אֶרֶץ חִטָּה וּשְׂעֹרָה וְגוֹ'", מַה לְּהַלָּן מִשִׁבְעַת הַמִּינִים שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּבְּחָה בָהֶן אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, אַף כָּאן שֶׁבַח אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהֵן שִׁבְעַת מִינִין (ספרי; מנחות פ"ד):
Of the first. But not all the first, as not all fruits are subject to the first fruit obligation, but only the seven species. The phrase here is “the land,” and the phrase there is “A ‘land’ of wheat, barley, etc.” Just as the reference there is to the seven species by which Eretz Yisroel is extolled, so, too, is the reference here to the extollment of Eretz Yisroel, meaning the seven species.
זית שמן. זַיִת אֱגוֹרִי, שֶׁשַּׁמְנוֹ אָגוּר בְּתוֹכוֹ (ספרי; ברכות ל"ט):
The oil olive. The aguri olive, with its oil gathered inside.
ודבש. הוּא דְּבַשׁ תְּמָרִים (ספרי):
Honey. This refers to date honey.
מראשית. אָדָם יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ וְרוֹאֶה תְאֵנָה שֶׁבִּכְּרָה, כוֹרֵךְ עָלֶיהָ גְּמִי לְסִימָן וְאוֹמֵר "הֲרֵי זוֹ בִכּוּרִים" (ספרי; בכורים ג'):
Of the first. When a man enters his field and notices the first fig to mature, he wraps a papyrus strip around it as a marking symbol, and declares, “This is bikurim.”
וּבָאתָ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם וְאָמַרְתָּ אֵלָיו הִגַּדְתִּי הַיּוֹם לַיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ כִּי־בָאתִי אֶל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּע יְהֹוָה לַאֲבֹתֵינוּ לָתֶת לָֽנוּ׃
You are to come to the kohein who will be [of service] during those days and you will say to him, ‘‘I ascertain today to Adonoy, your God, that I have arrived in the land that Adonoy swore to our forefathers to give us.’’
You are to come to the kohein who will be [of service] during those days and you will say to him, ‘‘I ascertain today to Adonoy, your God, that I have arrived in the land that Adonoy swore to our forefathers to give us.’’
Rashi
אשר יהיה בימים ההם. אֵין לְךָ אֶלָּא כֹּהֵן שֶׁבְּיָמֶיךָ כְּמוֹ שֶׁהוּא (ראש השנה כ"ה):
Who shall be [of service] during those days. You have no one except the kohein who serves during your days, as he may be.
ואמרת אליו. שֶׁאֵינְךָ כְּפוּי טוֹבָה:
And you will say to him. That you are not ungrateful.
הגדתי היום. פַּעַם אַחַת בַּשָּׁנָה וְלֹא שְׁתֵּי פְעָמִים (ספרי):
I ascertain today. Once each year, not twice.
וְלָקַח הַכֹּהֵן הַטֶּנֶא מִיָּדֶךָ וְהִנִּיחוֹ לִפְנֵי מִזְבַּח יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃
The kohein shall then take the basket from your hand, and he will place it before the altar of Adonoy, your God.
The kohein shall then take the basket from your hand, and he will place it before the altar of Adonoy, your God.
Rashi
ולקח הכהן הטנא מידך. לְהָנִיף אוֹתוֹ, כֹּהֵן מַנִיחַ יָדוֹ תַּחַת יַד הַבְּעָלִים וּמֵנִיף (סוכה מ"ז):
The kohein shall then take the basket from your hand. In order to wave it — the kohein places his hand below the owner’s hand and waves.
וְעָנִיתָ וְאָמַרְתָּ לִפְנֵי ׀ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֲרַמִּי אֹבֵד אָבִי וַיֵּרֶד מִצְרַיְמָה וַיָּגׇר שָׁם בִּמְתֵי מְעָט וַֽיְהִי־שָׁם לְגוֹי גָּדוֹל עָצוּם וָרָֽב׃
And you shall then proclaim and say before Adonoy, your God, ‘‘ the Aramite destroy[ed] my forefather, then he descended to Egypt and sojourned there with a tiny community; and there he became a great people, powerful and numerous.
And you shall then proclaim and say before Adonoy, your God, ‘‘ the Aramite destroy[ed] my forefather, then he descended to Egypt and sojourned there with a tiny community; and there he became a great people, powerful and numerous.
Rashi
וענית. לְשׁוֹן הֲרָמַת קוֹל (סוטה ל"ב):
You shall then proclaim. This denotes a loud proclamation.
ארמי אבד אבי. מַזְכִּיר חַסְדֵי הַמָּקוֹם, אֲרַמִּי אֹבֵד אָבִי — לָבָן בִּקֵּשׁ לַעֲקֹר אֶת הַכֹּל כְּשֶׁרָדַף אַחַר יַעֲקֹב, וּבִשְׁבִיל שֶׁחָשַׁב לַעֲשׂוֹת חָשַׁב לוֹ הַמָּקוֹם כְּאִלּוּ עָשָׂה, שֶׁאֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם חוֹשֵׁב לָהֶם הַקָּבָּ"ה מַחֲשָׁבָה כְּמַעֲשֶׂה (עי' ספרי):
The Aramite destroyed my forefather. He cites the Omnipresent’s benevolence. The Aramite destroyed my forefather — Lavan sought to uproot everything when he pursued Yaakov, because he intended to act, the Omnipresent considered it as if he had actually acted; for with the nations, the Omnipresent equates the [evil] intent with the deed.
וירד מצרימה. וְעוֹד אֲחֵרִים בָּאוּ עָלֵינוּ לְכַלּוֹתֵנוּ, שֶׁאַחֲרֵי זֹאת יָרַד יַעֲקֹב לְמִצְרַיִם:
Then he descended to Egypt. Yet others fell upon us to annihilate us, for after this Yaakov descended to Egypt.
במתי מעט. בְּשִׁבְעִים נֶפֶשׁ (ספרי):
With a tiny community. With seventy souls.
וַיָּרֵעוּ אֹתָנוּ הַמִּצְרִים וַיְעַנּוּנוּ וַיִּתְּנוּ עָלֵינוּ עֲבֹדָה קָשָֽׁה׃
‘‘The Egyptians treated us badly and oppressed us, and they imposed hard labor upon us.
‘‘The Egyptians treated us badly and oppressed us, and they imposed hard labor upon us.
וַנִּצְעַק אֶל־יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי אֲבֹתֵינוּ וַיִּשְׁמַע יְהֹוָה אֶת־קֹלֵנוּ וַיַּרְא אֶת־עׇנְיֵנוּ וְאֶת־עֲמָלֵנוּ וְאֶֽת־לַחֲצֵֽנוּ׃
‘‘We prayed to Adonoy, God of our forefathers, and Adonoy accepted our prayer, and perceived our oppression, and our labor, and the pressure upon us.
‘‘We prayed to Adonoy, God of our forefathers, and Adonoy accepted our prayer, and perceived our oppression, and our labor, and the pressure upon us.
וַיּוֹצִאֵנוּ יְהֹוָה מִמִּצְרַיִם בְּיָד חֲזָקָה וּבִזְרֹעַ נְטוּיָה וּבְמֹרָא גָּדֹל וּבְאֹתוֹת וּבְמֹפְתִֽים׃
‘‘And Adonoy took us out of Egypt with a powerful hand and with an extended arm, and with great display, and with signs, and with wonders.
‘‘And Adonoy took us out of Egypt with a powerful hand and with an extended arm, and with great display, and with signs, and with wonders.
וַיְבִאֵנוּ אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה וַיִּתֶּן־לָנוּ אֶת־הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת אֶרֶץ זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָֽשׁ׃
‘‘And He brought us to this place, and He gave us this land, a land flowing milk and honey.
‘‘And He brought us to this place, and He gave us this land, a land flowing milk and honey.
Rashi
אל המקום הזה. זֶה בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ:
To this place. This refers to the Beis Hamikdosh.
ויתן לנו את הארץ. כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ:
And He gave us this land. As indicated by the plain connotation.
וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה הֵבֵאתִי אֶת־רֵאשִׁית פְּרִי הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר־נָתַתָּה לִּי יְהֹוָה וְהִנַּחְתּוֹ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ וְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִיתָ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃
And now, see! I have brought the first of the fruits of the soil that You have given me Adonoy.’’ And you shall then place it before Adonoy, your God, and you will prostrate yourself in the presence of Adonoy, your God.
And now, see! I have brought the first of the fruits of the soil that You have given me Adonoy.’’ And you shall then place it before Adonoy, your God, and you will prostrate yourself in the presence of Adonoy, your God.
Rashi
והנחתו. מַגִּיד שֶׁנּוֹטְלוֹ אַחַר הֲנָפַת הַכֹּהֵן וְאוֹחֲזוֹ בְיָדוֹ כְּשֶׁהוּא קוֹרֵא וְחוֹזֵר וּמֵנִיף (ספרי; סוכה מ"ז):
You shall then place it. This teaches that he takes it after the kohein’s waving, holds it in his hand while reciting, and then waves it again.
וְשָׂמַחְתָּ בְכׇל־הַטּוֹב אֲשֶׁר נָֽתַן־לְךָ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ וּלְבֵיתֶךָ אַתָּה וְהַלֵּוִי וְהַגֵּר אֲשֶׁר בְּקִרְבֶּֽךָ׃ {ס}
You shall rejoice with all the good that Adonoy, your God, gave you and your household; you, the levi, and the proselyte in your midst.
You shall rejoice with all the good that Adonoy, your God, gave you and your household; you, the levi, and the proselyte in your midst.
Rashi
ושמחת בכל הטוב. מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ אֵין קוֹרִין מִקְרָא בִכּוּרִים אֶלָּא בִזְמַן שִׂמְחָה, מֵעֲצֶרֶת וְעַד הֶחָג, שֶׁאָדָם מְלַקֵּט תְּבוּאָתוֹ וּפֵרוֹתָיו וְיֵינוֹ וְשַׁמְנוֹ, אֲבָל מֵהֶחָג וָאֵילָךְ מֵבִיא וְאֵינוֹ קוֹרֵא (פסחים ל"ו):
You shall rejoice with all the good. From here they derive that one does not recite the first-fruit reading except during the time of rejoicing — from the Atzeres-Shavuos holiday until the Succos celebration, when a man gathers his grain, fruit, wine, and oil. However, from Succos and onward, he brings without reciting.
אתה והלוי. אַף הַלֵּוִי חַיָּב בְּבִכּוּרִים אִם נָטְעוּ בְּתוֹךְ עָרֵיהֶם:
You, the Levi. The Levi, too, is subject to the first obligation — if they planted in their cities.
והגר אשר בקרבך. מֵבִיא וְאֵינוֹ קוֹרֵא, שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לוֹמַר לַאֲבוֹתֵינוּ (תלמוד ירושלמי מ"ש פ"ה ה"ה):
And the proselyte in your midst — who brings without reciting, as he is unable to say, “to our forefathers.”
והיה כי תבוא … וירשתה וישבת בה. מַגִּיד שֶׁלֹּא נִתְחַיְּבוּ בְּבִכּוּרִים עַד שֶׁכָּבְשׁוּ אֶת הָאָרֶץ וְחִלְּקוּהָ (עי' קידושין ל"ז ע"ב):
When it happens that you come . . . and you inherit it and settle it. This teaches that they were not obligated to bring the first fruits until they conquered the land and apportioned it.