Devarim
Ki Teitzei, Aliyah 7 כי תצא, שביעי
Part of: Ki TeitzeiKi Teitzei, Aliyah 7Chapter 24Chapter 25Petuchah, Deuteronomy 25:17Setumah, Deuteronomy 24:14Setumah, Deuteronomy 24:16Setumah, Deuteronomy 24:17Setumah, Deuteronomy 24:19Setumah, Deuteronomy 24:20Setumah, Deuteronomy 25:1Setumah, Deuteronomy 25:5Setumah, Deuteronomy 25:11Setumah, Deuteronomy 25:13
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Devarim 24
לֹא־תַעֲשֹׁק שָׂכִיר עָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן מֵאַחֶיךָ אוֹ מִגֵּרְךָ אֲשֶׁר בְּאַרְצְךָ בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃
Do not steal from the wage earner who is poor or destitute; from your brothers or your converts who are in your land in your cities.
Do not steal from the wage earner who is poor or destitute; from your brothers or your converts who are in your land in your cities.
Rashi
אביון. הַתָּאֵב לְכָל דָּבָר:
Destitute. In want of all things.
מגרך. זֶה גֵּר צֶדֶק:
Your converts. This refers to the righteous proselyte.
בשעריך. זֶה גֵּר תּוֹשָׁב הָאוֹכֵל נְבֵלוֹת:
In your cities. This refers to the alien settler, who eats meat which was not ritually slaughtered.
אשר בארצך. לְרַבּוֹת שְׂכַר בְּהֵמָה וְכֵלִים (בבא מציעא קי"א):
Who are in your land. This is added to include rental fees for animals and tools.
בְּיוֹמוֹ תִתֵּן שְׂכָרוֹ וְֽלֹא־תָבוֹא עָלָיו הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ כִּי עָנִי הוּא וְאֵלָיו הוּא נֹשֵׂא אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ וְלֹֽא־יִקְרָא עָלֶיךָ אֶל־יְהֹוָה וְהָיָה בְךָ חֵֽטְא׃ {ס}
On its day give his wage and let the sun not set upon it, for he is a poor man, and he places his life in jeopardy for it; [so that] he should not complain about you to Adonoy, and you will have a sin.
On its day give his wage and let the sun not set upon it, for he is a poor man, and he places his life in jeopardy for it; [so that] he should not complain about you to Adonoy, and you will have a sin.
Rashi
ואליו הוא נשא את נפשו. אֶל הַשָּׂכָר הַזֶּה הוּא נוֹשֵׂא אֶת נַפְשׁוֹ לָמוּת, עָלָה בַכֶּבֶשׁ וְנִתְלָה בְאִילָן (ספרי; ב"מ קי"ב):
And he places his life in jeopardy for it. For these wages, he places himself in mortal danger — he climbs a wall, or suspends himself from a tree.
והיה בך חטא. מִכָּל מָקוֹם, אֶלָּא שֶׁמְּמַהֲרִין לִפָּרֵעַ עַל יְדֵי הַקּוֹרֵא (ספרי):
And you will have a sin. Regardless, except that punishment is swiftly dispatched when someone cries out.
לֹֽא־יוּמְתוּ אָבוֹת עַל־בָּנִים וּבָנִים לֹא־יוּמְתוּ עַל־אָבוֹת אִישׁ בְּחֶטְאוֹ יוּמָֽתוּ׃ {ס}
Fathers shall not be executed through sons, and sons shall not be executed through fathers; each to be executed for his sin.
Fathers shall not be executed through sons, and sons shall not be executed through fathers; each to be executed for his sin.
Rashi
לא יומתו אבות על בנים. בְּעֵדוּת בָּנִים, וְאִם תֹּאמַר בַּעֲוֹן בָּנִים, כְּבָר נֶאֱמַר איש בחטאו יומתו (ספרי; סנהדרין כ"ז):
Fathers shall not be executed through sons. Through the testimony of the sons. Perhaps through the sin of the sons? It has already been said, “A man is executed by his own sin.” However, one who is not a man may die by his father’s sin — minors may die by their father’s sin, by Heavenly decree.
איש בחטאו יומתו. אֲבָל מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ אִישׁ מֵת בַּעֲוֹן אָבִיו, וְהַקְּטַנִּים מֵתִים בַּעֲוֹן אֲבוֹתָם בִּידֵי שָׁמַיִם (ספרי):
לֹא תַטֶּה מִשְׁפַּט גֵּר יָתוֹם וְלֹא תַחֲבֹל בֶּגֶד אַלְמָנָֽה׃
Do not be devious in the judgment of the proselyte or orphan; and you may not secure as collateral, a widow’s garment.
Do not be devious in the judgment of the proselyte or orphan; and you may not secure as collateral, a widow’s garment.
Rashi
לא תטה משפט גר יתום. וְעַל הֶעָשִׁיר כְּבָר הֻזְהַר (דברים ט"ז) "לֹא תַטֶּה מִשְׁפָּט", וְשָׁנָה בֶעָנִי לַעֲבֹר עָלָיו בִּשְׁנֵי לָאוין, לְפִי שֶׁנָּקֵל לְהַטּוֹת מִשְׁפַּט עָנִי יוֹתֵר מִשֶּׁל עָשִׁיר, לְכָךְ הִזְהִיר וְשָׁנָה עָלָיו (ספרי):
Do not be devious in the judgment of the proselyte or orphan. Concerning the wealthy, he has already been warned, “Do not judge deviously.” It is repeated with the poor so that he violates two prohibitions, since it is easier to distort the judgment of the poor than that of the wealthy. Thus, he warns, and repeats the warning.
ולא תחבל. שֶׁלֹּא בִשְׁעַת הַלְוָאָה:
You may not secure as collateral. Not at the time of the loan.
וְזָכַרְתָּ כִּי עֶבֶד הָיִיתָ בְּמִצְרַיִם וַֽיִּפְדְּךָ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ מִשָּׁם עַל־כֵּן אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּֽה׃ {ס}
Remember that you were a slave in Egypt, and Adonoy, your God, redeemed you from there; that is why I am commanding you to do this thing.
Remember that you were a slave in Egypt, and Adonoy, your God, redeemed you from there; that is why I am commanding you to do this thing.
Rashi
וזכרת. עַל מְנָת כֵּן פְּדִיתִיךָ, לִשְׁמֹר חֻקּוֹתַי אֲפִלּוּ יֵשׁ חֶסְרוֹן כִּיס בַּדָּבָר:
Remember. On this condition I redeemed you — so that you keep my statutes even when the matter entails monetary loss.
כִּי תִקְצֹר קְצִֽירְךָ בְשָׂדֶךָ וְשָֽׁכַחְתָּ עֹמֶר בַּשָּׂדֶה לֹא תָשׁוּב לְקַחְתּוֹ לַגֵּר לַיָּתוֹם וְלָאַלְמָנָה יִהְיֶה לְמַעַן יְבָרֶכְךָ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּכֹל מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶֽיךָ׃ {ס}
When you reap your reaping in your field, and you forget a sheaf in the field, you may not return to take it; for the proselyte, for the orphan, and for the widow let it be; in order that Adonoy, your God, will bless you in all your endeavors.
When you reap your reaping in your field, and you forget a sheaf in the field, you may not return to take it; for the proselyte, for the orphan, and for the widow let it be; in order that Adonoy, your God, will bless you in all your endeavors.
Rashi
ושכחת עמר. וְלֹא גָדִישׁ, מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ, עֹמֶר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ סָאתַיִם וּשְׁכָחוֹ אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה (פאה ו' מ"ב):
And you forget a sheaf. But not a heap. From here we derive that a sheaf containing two seahs that was forgotten is not shikchah.
בשדה. לְרַבּוֹת שִׁכְחַת קָמָה שֶׁשָּׁכַח מִקְצָתָהּ מִלִּקְצֹר:
In the field. This is added to include forgotten standing grainstalks, some of which he forgot to reap.
לא תשוב לקחתו. מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ, שֶׁלְּאַחֲרָיו שִׁכְחָה, שֶׁלְּפָנָיו אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה, שֶׁאֵינוֹ בְּבַל תָּשׁוּב (פאה מ"ד; בבא מציעא י"א):
You may not return to take it. From here we derive that what is behind him is shikchah, but what is before him is not shikchah, as it is not included in “you may not return.”
למען יברכך. וְאַעַ"פִּ שֶׁבָּאת לְיָדוֹ שֶׁלֹּא בְמִתְכַּוֵּן, קַ"וָ לָעוֹשֶׂה בְמִתְכַּוֵּן. אֱמֹר מֵעַתָּה נָפְלָה סֶלַע מִיָּדוֹ וּמְצָאָהּ עָנִי וְנִתְפַּרְנֵס בָּהּ — הֲרֵי הוּא מִתְבָּרֵךְ עָלֶיהָ (ספרי):
In order that . . . will bless you. Although it came into his possession unintentionally — certainly, with someone who acts intentionally. You may thus conclude that if a sela-coin dropped from his hand and was found by a pauper who gained sustenance from it — he is blessed for it.
כִּי תַחְבֹּט זֵֽיתְךָ לֹא תְפַאֵר אַחֲרֶיךָ לַגֵּר לַיָּתוֹם וְלָאַלְמָנָה יִהְיֶֽה׃
When you harvest your olive tree, you may not strip it of its glory behind you. for the proselyte, for the orphan, and for the widow let it be.
When you harvest your olive tree, you may not strip it of its glory behind you. for the proselyte, for the orphan, and for the widow let it be.
Rashi
לא תפאר. לֹא תִטֹּל תִּפְאַרְתּוֹ מִמֶּנּוּ (חולין קל"א), מִכָּאן שֶׁמַּנִּיחִין פֵּאָה לָאִילָן:
You may not strip it of its glory. Do not remove its glory from it. From here [we derive] that one must leave unharvested the outer edge of the tree.
אחריך. זוֹ שִׁכְחָה:
Behind you. This refers to shikchah.
כִּי תִבְצֹר כַּרְמְךָ לֹא תְעוֹלֵל אַחֲרֶיךָ לַגֵּר לַיָּתוֹם וְלָאַלְמָנָה יִהְיֶֽה׃
When you harvest your vineyard you may not harvest pygmy vines behind you; for the proselyte, for the orphan, and for the widow let it be.
When you harvest your vineyard you may not harvest pygmy vines behind you; for the proselyte, for the orphan, and for the widow let it be.
Rashi
לא תעולל. אִם מָצָאתָ בוֹ עוֹלֵלוֹת, לֹא תִקָּחֶנָּה. וְאֵי זוֹ הִיא עוֹלֵלוֹת? כָּל שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לֹא כָּתֵף וְלֹא נָטֵף. יֵשׁ לָהּ אֶחָד מֵהֶם — הֲרֵי הִיא לְבַעַל הַבַּיִת (ספרא); וְרָאִיתִי בְתַלְמוּד יְרוּשַׁלְמִי אֵי זוֹ הִיא כָּתֵף? פְּסִיגִין זֶה עַל גַּב זֶה, נָטֵף — אֵלּוּ הַתְּלוּיוֹת בַּשִּׁדְרָה וְיוֹרְדוֹת:
You may not harvest pygmy vines. If you discover pygmy vines, you may not take them. What are pygmy vines? Anything lacking the shoulder and the droplets. If it has either of them, then it belongs to the owner. I have seen in the Jerusalem Talmud, ‘What is the shoulder? clusters atop one another. The droplets? Those hanging down from the main stem.’
וְזָכַרְתָּ כִּי־עֶבֶד הָיִיתָ בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם עַל־כֵּן אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּֽה׃ {ס}
Remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt; that is why I am commanding you to do this thing.
Remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt; that is why I am commanding you to do this thing.
Devarim 25
כִּֽי־יִהְיֶה רִיב בֵּין אֲנָשִׁים וְנִגְּשׁוּ אֶל־הַמִּשְׁפָּט וּשְׁפָטוּם וְהִצְדִּיקוּ אֶת־הַצַּדִּיק וְהִרְשִׁיעוּ אֶת־הָרָשָֽׁע׃
If a quarrel should occur among men and they bring it to court and they judge them and they determine who is righteous and they convict the villain.
If a quarrel should occur among men and they bring it to court and they judge them and they determine who is righteous and they convict the villain.
Rashi
כי יהיה ריב. סוֹפָם לִהְיוֹת נִגָּשִׁים אֶל הַמִּשְׁפָּט. אֱמֹר מֵעַתָּה אֵין שָׁלוֹם יוֹצֵא מִתּוֹךְ מְרִיבָה, מִי גָּרַם לְלוֹט לִפְרֹשׁ מִן הַצַּדִּיק? הֱוֵי אוֹמֵר זוֹ מְרִיבָה:
If a quarrel should occur. They will ultimately approach the court of justice. You may thus conclude that tranquility does not evolve from quarreling. What caused Lot to take leave of the saint? You may say, it was quarreling.
והרשיעו את הרשע. יָכוֹל כָּל הַמִּתְחַיְּבִין בַּדִּין לוֹקִין, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר — והיה אם בן הכות הרשע. פְּעָמִים לוֹקֶה וּפְעָמִים אֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה. וּמִי הוּא הַלּוֹקֶה? לְמֹד מִן הָעִנְיָן, "לֹא תַחְסֹם שׁוֹר בְּדִישׁוֹ" — לָאו שֶׁלֹּא נִתַּק לַעֲשֵׂה (עי' ספרי; מכות י"ג):
And they convict the villain. Perhaps everyone found liable in court is subject to flogging? The Torah therefore teaches, ”Should, the wicked one deserve flogging.” At times he is flogged, and at times he is not flogged. Who, then is liable to flogging? Learn from the context, “You may not muzzle an ox while it threshes” — a negative commandment unattached to a positive commandment.
וְהָיָה אִם־בִּן הַכּוֹת הָרָשָׁע וְהִפִּילוֹ הַשֹּׁפֵט וְהִכָּהוּ לְפָנָיו כְּדֵי רִשְׁעָתוֹ בְּמִסְפָּֽר׃
Should the wicked one deserve flogging, the judge shall incline him and have him flogged before him in the amount befitting his crime, with the number near.
Should the wicked one deserve flogging, the judge shall incline him and have him flogged before him in the amount befitting his crime, with the number near.
Rashi
והפילו השפט. מְלַמֵּד שֶׁאֵין מַלְקִין אוֹתוֹ לֹא עוֹמֵד וְלֹא יוֹשֵׁב אֶלָּא מֻטֶּה (מכות כ"ב):
The judge shall incline him. This teaches that he is not flogged standing or sitting, but inclined.
לפניו כדי רשעתו. וּלְאַחֲרָיו כְּדֵי שְׁתַּיִם, מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ מַלְקִין אוֹתוֹ שְׁתֵּי יָדוֹת מִלְּאַחֲרָיו וּשְׁלִישׁ מִלְּפָנָיו (ספרי; מכות כ"ב):
Before him in the amount befitting his crime. And behind him, in the amount befitting a double crime. From here it is derived that he is flogged two thirds from behind, and one third at the front.
במספר. וְאֵינוֹ נָקוּד בַּמִּסְפָּר, לִמֵּד שֶׁהִיא דְבוּקָה, לוֹמַר בְּמִסְפַּר אַרְבָּעִים וְלֹא אַרְבָּעִים שְׁלֵמִים, אֶלָּא מִנְיָן שֶׁהוּא סוֹכֵם וּמַשְׁלִים לְאַרְבָּעִים וְהֵם אַרְבָּעִים חָסֵר אַחַת (שם):
With the number near. This is not vocalized בַּמִסְפָּר, indicating that it is attached, so that we read “With the number near forty,” but not with the total of forty. Rather, the number which concludes and completes up to forty, meaning forty minus one.
אַרְבָּעִים יַכֶּנּוּ לֹא יֹסִיף פֶּן־יֹסִיף לְהַכֹּתוֹ עַל־אֵלֶּה מַכָּה רַבָּה וְנִקְלָה אָחִיךָ לְעֵינֶֽיךָ׃
Forty is he to have him flogged, he may not add; lest he additionally flog him over these, a great flogging, when your brother will be slighted before you.
Forty is he to have him flogged, he may not add; lest he additionally flog him over these, a great flogging, when your brother will be slighted before you.
Rashi
לא יסיף. מִכָּאן אַזְהָרָה לַמַּכֶּה אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ (עי' כתובות ל"ג):
He may not add. From here we derive that one is forbidden to strike one’s fellow.
ונקלה אחיך. כָּל הַיּוֹם קוֹרְאוֹ רָשָׁע, וּמִשֶּׁלָּקָה קְרָאוֹ אָחִיךָ:
When your brother will be slighted. He is constantly described as a criminal, but after the flogging, he is entitled “your brother.”
לֹא־תַחְסֹם שׁוֹר בְּדִישֽׁוֹ׃ {ס}
You may not muzzle an ox while it threshes.
You may not muzzle an ox while it threshes.
Rashi
לא תחסם שור. דִּבֵּר הַכָּתוּב בַּהֹוֶה, וְהוּא הַדִּין לְכָל בְּהֵמָה חַיָּה וְעוֹף הָעוֹשִׂים בִּמְלָאכָה שֶׁהִיא בִּדְבַר מַאֲכָל; אִם כֵּן לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר שׁוֹר? לְהוֹצִיא אֶת הָאָדָם (ספרי; בבא מציעא פ"ח):
You may not muzzle an ox. Scripture speaks in commonplace situations, but this applies as well to all domesticated animals, wild animals and fowl, engaged in work involving food. If so, why is the ox mentioned? To exclude man.
בדישו. יָכוֹל יַחְסְמֶנּוּ מִבַּחוּץ? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר "לֹא תַחְסֹם שׁוֹר" — מִכָּל מָקוֹם; וְלָמָּה נֶאֱמַר דַּיִשׁ? לוֹמַר לְךָ מַה דַּיִשׁ מְיֻחָד דָּבָר שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ וְגִדּוּלוֹ מִן הָאָרֶץ, אַף כָּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ, יָצָא הַחוֹלֵב וְהַמְגַבֵּן וְהַמְחַבֵּץ שֶׁאֵין גִּדּוּלוֹ מִן הָאָרֶץ, יָצָא הַלָּשׁ וְהַמְקַטֵּף שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ לְחַלָּה, יָצָא הַבּוֹדֵל בִּתְמָרִים וּבִגְרוֹגְרוֹת שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן לַמַּעֲשֵׂר (ספרי; ב"מ פ"ט):
While it threshes. Perhaps one may muzzle it while outside? The Torah therefore teaches, “You may not muzzle an ox,” anywhere. Then why is threshing said? To teach you: Just as threshing is, specifically, something done when the work was not complete, and with produce of the earth; so, with everything similar. This excludes milking, and cheese and butter making, since they are not products of the earth. It excludes kneading and shaping, since its work was completed for the challah obligation. It excludes prying apart dates and figs, since their work was completed for tithing.
כִּֽי־יֵשְׁבוּ אַחִים יַחְדָּו וּמֵת אַחַד מֵהֶם וּבֵן אֵֽין־לוֹ לֹֽא־תִהְיֶה אֵֽשֶׁת־הַמֵּת הַחוּצָה לְאִישׁ זָר יְבָמָהּ יָבֹא עָלֶיהָ וּלְקָחָהּ לוֹ לְאִשָּׁה וְיִבְּמָֽהּ׃
If brothers reside together, and one of them dies having no son, let the wife of the dead man not marry outside [the family] to a strange man; her brother-in-law will consummate with her thus marrying her to be his wife, and perform levirate marriage with her.
If brothers reside together, and one of them dies having no son, let the wife of the dead man not marry outside [the family] to a strange man; her brother-in-law will consummate with her thus marrying her to be his wife, and perform levirate marriage with her.
Rashi
כי ישבו אחים יחדו. שֶׁהָיְתָה לָהֶם יְשִׁיבָה אַחַת בָּעוֹלָם, פְּרָט לְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בְעוֹלָמוֹ (ספרי; יבמות י"ז):
If brothers reside together. Provided they shared a concurrent residence in this world — this excludes the wife of his brother who did not share his world.
יחדו. הַמְיֻחָדִים בַּנַּחֲלָה, פְּרָט לְאָחִיו מִן הָאֵם (שם):
Together. Together in their inheritance. This excludes maternal brothers.
ובן אין לו. עַיֵּן עָלָיו, בֵּן אוֹ בַת אוֹ בֵן הַבֵּן אוֹ בַת הַבֵּן אוֹ בֵן הַבַּת אוֹ בַת הַבַּת (עי' יבמות כ"ב):
Having no son. Scrutinize him — a son or daughter, a son’s son or daughter, or a daughter’s son or daughter.
וְהָיָה הַבְּכוֹר אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵד יָקוּם עַל־שֵׁם אָחִיו הַמֵּת וְלֹֽא־יִמָּחֶה שְׁמוֹ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
It shall be that the firstborn, when she is capable of bearing children, shall be established in place of his deceased brother, so that his name may not be obliterated from Yisroel.
It shall be that the firstborn, when she is capable of bearing children, shall be established in place of his deceased brother, so that his name may not be obliterated from Yisroel.
Rashi
והיה הבכור. גְּדוֹל הָאַחִים הוּא מְיַבֵּם אוֹתָהּ (ספרי; יבמות כ"ד):
It shall be that the firstborn. The oldest brother shall perform levirate marriage with her.
אשר תלד. פְּרָט לְאַיְלוֹנִית שֶׁאֵינָהּ יוֹלֶדֶת:
When she is capable of bearing children. This excludes the eilonis, who cannot bear children.
יקום על שם אחיו. זֶה שֶׁיִּבֵּם אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ יִטֹּל נַחֲלַת הַמֵּת בְּנִכְסֵי אָבִיו:
Shall be established in place of his deceased brother. The one who performed levirate marriage with his wife, shall receive the deceased’s share in his father’s estate.
ולא ימחה שמו. פְּרָט לְאֵשֶׁת סָרִיס שֶׁשְּׁמוֹ מָחוּי (יבמות כ"ד):
So that his name may not be obliterated. This excludes the wife of a eunuch, whose name is already obliterated.
וְאִם־לֹא יַחְפֹּץ הָאִישׁ לָקַחַת אֶת־יְבִמְתּוֹ וְעָלְתָה יְבִמְתּוֹ הַשַּׁעְרָה אֶל־הַזְּקֵנִים וְאָֽמְרָה מֵאֵן יְבָמִי לְהָקִים לְאָחִיו שֵׁם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא אָבָה יַבְּמִֽי׃
But if the man will not want to marry his sister-in-law; his sister-in-law must go up to the portal, to the judges, and say, ‘‘My brother-in-law refuses to establish for his brother a name in Yisroel; he is unwilling to do perform levirate marriage with me.’’
But if the man will not want to marry his sister-in-law; his sister-in-law must go up to the portal, to the judges, and say, ‘‘My brother-in-law refuses to establish for his brother a name in Yisroel; he is unwilling to do perform levirate marriage with me.’’
Rashi
השערה. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ — לִתְרַע בֵּית דִּינָא:
To the portal. As Targum [Onkelos] translates, “To the portal of the court of law.”
וְקָֽרְאוּ־לוֹ זִקְנֵי־עִירוֹ וְדִבְּרוּ אֵלָיו וְעָמַד וְאָמַר לֹא חָפַצְתִּי לְקַחְתָּֽהּ׃
The judges of his city will call him and converse with him. He shall stand and say, ‘‘I do not want to marry her.’’
The judges of his city will call him and converse with him. He shall stand and say, ‘‘I do not want to marry her.’’
Rashi
ועמד. בַּעֲמִידָה (ספרי):
He shall stand. While standing.
ואמר. בִּלְשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ, וְאַף הִיא דְּבָרֶיהָ בִּלְשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ (יבמות ק"ו; ספרי):
And declare. In the sacred language. She, too, must speak in the sacred language.
וְנִגְּשָׁה יְבִמְתּוֹ אֵלָיו לְעֵינֵי הַזְּקֵנִים וְחָלְצָה נַעֲלוֹ מֵעַל רַגְלוֹ וְיָרְקָה בְּפָנָיו וְעָֽנְתָה וְאָמְרָה כָּכָה יֵעָשֶׂה לָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יִבְנֶה אֶת־בֵּית אָחִֽיו׃
And his sister-in-law will approach him in the sight of the judges, and she will remove his shoe from upon his foot, and spit before him; and she will say aloud, ‘‘This is done to the man who will not build his brother’s family.’’
And his sister-in-law will approach him in the sight of the judges, and she will remove his shoe from upon his foot, and spit before him; and she will say aloud, ‘‘This is done to the man who will not build his brother’s family.’’
Rashi
וירקה בפניו. עַל גַּבֵּי קַרְקַע (שם):
And spit before him. On the ground.
אשר לא יבנה. מִכָּאן לְמִי שֶׁחָלַץ שֶׁלֹּא יַחֲזֹר וִייַבֵּם, דְּלָא כְתִיב "אֲשֶׁר לֹא בָנָה", אֶלָּא "אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִבְנֶה", כֵּיוָן שֶׁלֹּא בָנָה — שׁוּב לֹא יִבְנֶה (יבמות י'; עי' ספרי):
Who will not build. From here we derive that someone who performed chalitzah may not retract and perform levirate marriage, as it does not say, “Who did not build,” but “Who will not build.” Since he did not build, he may no longer build.
וְנִקְרָא שְׁמוֹ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל בֵּית חֲלוּץ הַנָּֽעַל׃ {ס}
And it will be entitled in Yisroel, the house of the divestiture of the shoe.
And it will be entitled in Yisroel, the house of the divestiture of the shoe.
Rashi
ונקרא שמו וגו'. מִצְוָה עַל כָּל הָעוֹמְדִים שָׁם לוֹמַר "חֲלוּץ הַנַּעַל" (ספרי; יבמות ק"ו):
It will be entitled, etc. It is a mitzvah incumbent on all those standing there to proclaim, “The divesture of the shoe.”
כִּֽי־יִנָּצוּ אֲנָשִׁים יַחְדָּו אִישׁ וְאָחִיו וְקָֽרְבָה אֵשֶׁת הָֽאֶחָד לְהַצִּיל אֶת־אִישָׁהּ מִיַּד מַכֵּהוּ וְשָׁלְחָה יָדָהּ וְהֶחֱזִיקָה בִּמְבֻשָֽׁיו׃
If men engage in an altercation—a man and his brother—and the wife of one approaches to save her husband from his assailant, and she puts out her hand and grasps his genitals,
If men engage in an altercation—a man and his brother—and the wife of one approaches to save her husband from his assailant, and she puts out her hand and grasps his genitals,
Rashi
כי ינצו אנשים. סוֹפוֹ לָבֹא לִידֵי מַכּוֹת, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר מיד מכהו, אֵין שָׁלוֹם יוֹצֵא מִתּוֹךְ יְדֵי מַצּוּת (ספרי):
If men engage in an altercation. Ultimately, they will come to blows, as it is said, “From his assailant.” No peace can result from altercation.
וְקַצֹּתָה אֶת־כַּפָּהּ לֹא תָחוֹס עֵינֶֽךָ׃ {ס}
You shall sever her hand; you are not to have compassion.
You shall sever her hand; you are not to have compassion.
Rashi
וקצתה את כפה. מָמוֹן דְּמֵי בָשְׁתּוֹ, הַכֹּל לְפִי הַמְבַיֵּשׁ וְהַמִּתְבַּיֵּשׁ; אוֹ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא יָדָהּ מַמָּשׁ? נֶאֱמַר כָּאן "לֹא תָחוֹס", וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן בְּעֵדִים זוֹמְמִים (דברים י"ט) "לֹא תָחוֹס", מַה לְּהַלָן מָמוֹן אַף כָּאן מָמוֹן (ספרי; עי' בבא קמא כ"ח):
You shall sever her hand. Monetary payment for his humiliation, varying according to the one who caused the humiliation, and the one who suffered it. But perhaps this refers literally to her hand? It is said here, “have no compassion,” and it is said elsewhere, concerning scheming witnesses, “Have no compassion.” Just as there, the reference is to monetary payment, here, too, the reference is to monetary payment.
לֹֽא־יִהְיֶה לְךָ בְּכִֽיסְךָ אֶבֶן וָאָבֶן גְּדוֹלָה וּקְטַנָּֽה׃
You are not to have for yourself in your pouch varying weight-stones, large and small.
You are not to have for yourself in your pouch varying weight-stones, large and small.
Rashi
אבן ואבן. מִשְׁקָלוֹת:
Varying weight-stones. [lit. stones] Weights.
גדולה וקטנה. גְּדוֹלָה שֶׁמַּכְחֶשֶׁת אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה, שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵי נוֹטֵל בַּגְּדוֹלָה וּמַחֲזִיר בַּקְּטַנָּה (ספרי):
Large and small. Where the larger contradicts the smaller, so that he will not receive with the larger, and return with the smaller.
לֹא־יִהְיֶה לְךָ בְּבֵיתְךָ אֵיפָה וְאֵיפָה גְּדוֹלָה וּקְטַנָּֽה׃
You shall not have in your house varying measures, large and small.
You shall not have in your house varying measures, large and small.
Rashi
לא יהיה לך. אִם עָשִׂיתָ כֵּן, לֹא יִהְיֶה לְךָ כְּלוּם (עי' שם):
You shall not have. If you do this, you shall not have anything.
אֶבֶן שְׁלֵמָה וָצֶדֶק יִֽהְיֶה־לָּךְ אֵיפָה שְׁלֵמָה וָצֶדֶק יִֽהְיֶה־לָּךְ לְמַעַן יַאֲרִיכוּ יָמֶיךָ עַל הָֽאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר־יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לָֽךְ׃
A fully accurate, just weight, you shall have, you are to have whole and honest measures; in order that you live long on the land that Adonoy, your God, is giving you.
A fully accurate, just weight, you shall have, you are to have whole and honest measures; in order that you live long on the land that Adonoy, your God, is giving you.
Rashi
אבן שלמה וצדק יהיה לך. אִם עָשִׂיתָ כֵּן, יִהְיֶה לְךָ הַרְבֵּה:
A fully accurate, just weight, you shall have. If you fulfill this, you shall have abundance.
כִּי תוֹעֲבַת יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ כׇּל־עֹשֵׂה אֵלֶּה כֹּל עֹשֵׂה עָֽוֶל׃ {פ}
Because Adonoy, your God’s abomination, are all who do these [things]; all who do falsehood.
Because Adonoy, your God’s abomination, are all who do these [things]; all who do falsehood.
זָכוֹר אֵת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה לְךָ עֲמָלֵק בַּדֶּרֶךְ בְּצֵאתְכֶם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃
Remember what Amalek perpetrated against you on the way when you were going out of Egypt.
Remember what Amalek perpetrated against you on the way when you were going out of Egypt.
Rashi
זכור את אשר עשה לך. אִם שִׁקַּרְתָּ בְמִדּוֹת וּבְמִשְׁקָלוֹת הֱוֵי דוֹאֵג מִגֵּרוּי הָאוֹיֵב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי י"א) "מֹאזְנֵי מִרְמָה תּוֹעֲבַת ה'", וּכְתִיב בַּתְרֵיהּ "בָּא זָדוֹן וַיָּבֹא קָלוֹן" (תנחומא):
Remember what . . . perpetrated against you. If you were deceitful with your measures and weights, you should dread harrassment by the enemy, as it is said, “Deceitful scales are abhorred by Adonoy,” and it is written afterward, “The malicious arrive, then comes mortification.”
אֲשֶׁר קָֽרְךָ בַּדֶּרֶךְ וַיְזַנֵּב בְּךָ כׇּל־הַנֶּחֱשָׁלִים אַֽחֲרֶיךָ וְאַתָּה עָיֵף וְיָגֵעַ וְלֹא יָרֵא אֱלֹהִֽים׃
When they chanced upon you en route struck down your appendage—all the feeble ones behind you—and you were exhausted and wearied, and they had no fear of God.
When they chanced upon you en route struck down your appendage—all the feeble ones behind you—and you were exhausted and wearied, and they had no fear of God.
Rashi
אשר קרך בדרך. לְשׁוֹן מִקְרֶה; דָּבָר אַחֵר — לְשׁוֹן קֶרִי וְטֻמְאָה שֶׁהָיָה מְטַמְּאָן בְּמִשְׁכַּב זְכוּר; דָּ"אַ — לְשׁוֹן קֹר וְחֹם, צִנֶּנְךָ וְהִפְשִׁירְךָ מֵרְתִיחָתְךָ, שֶׁהָיוּ כָל הָאֻמּוֹת יְרֵאִים לְהִלָּחֵם בָּכֶם וּבָא זֶה וְהִתְחִיל וְהֶרְאָה מָקוֹם לַאֲחֵרִים; מָשָׁל לְאַמְבָּטִי רוֹתַחַת שֶׁאֵין כָּל בְּרִיָּה יְכוֹלָה לֵירֵד בְּתוֹכָהּ, בָּא בֶן בְּלִיַּעַל אֶחָד קָפַץ וְיָרַד לְתוֹכָהּ, אַעַ"פִּ שֶׁנִּכְוָה הֵקֵרָהּ אוֹתָהּ בִּפְנֵי אֲחֵרִים (תנחומא):
When they chanced upon you en route. This connotes a chance occurrence. Another interpretation: The connotation is semen and ritual defilement — they defiled them with homosexual relations. Another interpretation: The meaning is “cold,” as opposed to heat. They cooled you, moderated you to tepidness from seething heat. For all the nations were afraid of waging war against you, until they commenced, preparing the way for others. This is compared with a boiling bath into which no creature could enter. One villain came and leaped into it. Although he was scalded, he cooled it for the others.
ויזנב בך. מַכַּת זָנָב, חוֹתֵךְ מִילוֹת וְזוֹרֵק כְּלַפֵּי מַעְלָה (תנחומא):
They struck down your appendage. Striking at the appendage — they severed the circumcision, and flung it heavenward.
כל הנחשלים אחריך. חַסְרֵי כֹחַ מֵחֲמַת חֶטְאָם, שֶׁהָיָה הֶעָנָן פּוֹלְטָן (תנחומא):
All the feeble ones behind you. Enfeebled because of their sins, as the cloud ejected them.
ואתה עיף ויגע. עָיֵף בַּצָּמָא, דִּכְתִיב "וַיִּצְמָא שָׁם הָעָם לַמַּיִם" (שמות י"ז) וּכְתִיב אַחֲרָיו "וַיָּבֹא עֲמָלֵק":
And You were exhausted and wearied. Exhausted by thirst, as it is written, “The people thirsted there for water,” and afterward it is written, “Amalek came.”
ויגע. בַּדֶּרֶךְ:
And wearied. By travel.
ולא ירא. עֲמָלֵק אלהים מִלְּהָרַע לְךָ:
They had no fear. Amalek, of God, so as not to harm you.
וְהָיָה בְּהָנִיחַ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ ׀ לְךָ מִכׇּל־אֹיְבֶיךָ מִסָּבִיב בָּאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר יְהֹוָה־אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לְךָ נַחֲלָה לְרִשְׁתָּהּ תִּמְחֶה אֶת־זֵכֶר עֲמָלֵק מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמָיִם לֹא תִּשְׁכָּֽח׃ {פ}
When Adonoy, your God, has given you repose from all your enemies around, in the land that Adonoy, your God, is giving you as territory to inherit, you shall obliterate the memory of Amalek from beneath the sky; do not forget.
When Adonoy, your God, has given you repose from all your enemies around, in the land that Adonoy, your God, is giving you as territory to inherit, you shall obliterate the memory of Amalek from beneath the sky; do not forget.
Rashi
תמחה את זכר עמלק. מֵאִישׁ עַד אִשָּׁה מֵעוֹלֵל וְעַד יוֹנֵק מִשּׁוֹר וְעַד שֶׂה (שמואל א ט"ו), שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא שֵׁם עֲמָלֵק נִזְכָּר אֲפִלּוּ עַל הַבְּהֵמָה, לוֹמַר בְּהֵמָה זוֹ מִשֶּׁל עֲמָלֵק הָיְתָה (פסיק' זוטר'):
You shall obliterate the memory of Amalek. Man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, so that the name “Amalek” will never be remembered, even with regard to an animal, by saying, ‘This animal belonged to Amalek.’
לא תעשק שכיר. וַהֲלֹא כְבָר כָּתוּב? אֶלָּא לַעֲבֹר עַל הָאֶבְיוֹן בִּשְׁנֵי לָאוין, "לֹא תַעֲשֹׁק שְׂכַר שָׂכִיר" שֶׁהוּא עָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן, וְעַל הֶעָשִׁיר כְּבָר הֻזְהַר (ויקרא י"ט) "לֹא תַעֲשֹׁק אֶת רֵעֲךָ" (ב"מ ס"א):
Do not steal from the wage earner. But isn’t it already written? Evidently, to violate, against the destitute, two negative commandments: ‘Do not steal the pay of the wage earner who is poor or destitute;’ and, against the wealthy, he has already been warned, “Do not steal from your fellow.”