Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi

9:1

אַל־תִּשְׂמַח יִשְׂרָאֵל ׀ אֶל־גִּיל כָּעַמִּים כִּי זָנִיתָ מֵעַל אֱלֹהֶיךָ אָהַבְתָּ אֶתְנָן עַל כׇּל־גׇּרְנוֹת דָּגָֽן׃

Rejoice not, O Yisra᾽el, for joy, as other people: for thou hast gone lewdly astray from thy God, thou hast loved a harlot’s pay upon every cornfloor.

Rejoice not, O Yisra᾽el, for joy, as other people: for thou hast gone lewdly astray from thy God, thou hast loved a harlot’s pay upon every cornfloor.

Rashi

אל תשמח ישראל. כשאר עכו"ם הקדמונים שהם לא קבלו תורה ולא באו לחלקי ואתה זנית מעלי ואבדת טובות הרבה:

Rejoice not, O Israel like the other peoples, for they did not receive a Torah, and they did not come to My lot, but you strayed from Me and lost many benefits.

אהבת. להיות כזונה לקבל אתנן:

you love to be like a harlot, to receive a harlot’s hire.

על כל גרנות. כדרך זונה שנותנין לה דגן בגורן באתננה:

on all threshing floors of corn In the manner of the harlot to whom they give corn on the threshing floor for her hire. [after Gen. Rabbah 57:4]

9:2

גֹּרֶן וָיֶקֶב לֹא יִרְעֵם וְתִירוֹשׁ יְכַחֶשׁ בָּֽהּ׃

The floor and the winepress shall not feed them, and the new wine shall fail her.

The floor and the winepress shall not feed them, and the new wine shall fail her.

9:3

לֹא יֵשְׁבוּ בְּאֶרֶץ יְהֹוָה וְשָׁב אֶפְרַיִם מִצְרַיִם וּבְאַשּׁוּר טָמֵא יֹאכֵֽלוּ׃

They shall not dwell in the Lord’s land; but Efrayim shall return to Miżrayim, and they shall eat unclean food in Ashshur.

They shall not dwell in the Lord’s land; but Efrayim shall return to Miżrayim, and they shall eat unclean food in Ashshur.

Rashi

לא ישבו בארץ ה'. לא יתעכבו בארצם:

They shall not stay in the land of the Lord Heb. יֵשְׁבוּ, they shall not stay in their land.

9:4

לֹא־יִסְּכוּ לַיהֹוָה ׀ יַיִן וְלֹא יֶעֶרְבוּ־לוֹ זִבְחֵיהֶם כְּלֶחֶם אוֹנִים לָהֶם כׇּל־אֹכְלָיו יִטַּמָּאוּ כִּֽי־לַחְמָם לְנַפְשָׁם לֹא יָבוֹא בֵּית יְהֹוָֽה׃

They shall not pour out wine offerings to the Lord, neither shall they be pleasing to him: their sacrifices shall be to them as the bread of mourners; all that eat thereof shall be polluted: for their bread shall be for their hunger only; it shall not come into the house of the Lord.

They shall not pour out wine offerings to the Lord, neither shall they be pleasing to him: their sacrifices shall be to them as the bread of mourners; all that eat thereof shall be polluted: for their bread shall be for their hunger only; it shall not come into the house of the Lord.

Rashi

לא יסכו. לשון נסך:

They shall not pour libations Heb. יִסְּכוּ, an expression of נֶסֶךְ, libation.

לא יערבו לו. לא תהא מנחתם עריבה עליו:

they will not please Him Their offering will not be pleasant to Him.

כלחם אונים. כלחם גזילה הבא ע"י כח ואונים:

like bread of mourners Heb. אוֹנִים, like bread of robbery that comes through strength and might.

כי לחמם לנפשם. ראוי הוא זה להם למאכל ולא לבוא לבית ה' ד"א כלחם אוני' כלחם אבלים שהוא טמא וסופו מוכיח כל אוכליו יטמאו:

for their bread is for themselves It is fit for them for food, but not to come into the house of the Lord. Another explanation is: אוֹנִים, like bread of mourners, which is contaminated, and the end of the verse proves it: all those who partake thereof become contaminated.

9:5

מַֽה־תַּעֲשׂוּ לְיוֹם מוֹעֵד וּלְיוֹם חַג־יְהֹוָֽה׃

What will you do on the solemn day, and on the day of the feast of the Lord?

What will you do on the solemn day, and on the day of the feast of the Lord?

Rashi

ליום מועד. ליום זמן קבוע להיות האויב נועד לבא עליכ':

for the appointed day For the day of the set time for the enemy to be appointed to come upon you.

חג ה'. זבח הריגה שיש לו בכם:

the Lord’s massacre Heb. חַג, a slaughter, the killing which I have in you.

9:6

כִּֽי־הִנֵּה הָֽלְכוּ מִשֹּׁד מִצְרַיִם תְּקַבְּצֵם מֹף תְּקַבְּרֵם מַחְמַד לְכַסְפָּם קִמּוֹשׂ יִֽירָשֵׁם חוֹחַ בְּאׇהֳלֵיהֶֽם׃

For, lo, they are gone from destruction: Miżrayim shall gather them up, Mof shall bury them: the treasuries for their silver, nettles, shall possess them: thorns shall be in their tents.

For, lo, they are gone from destruction: Miżrayim shall gather them up, Mof shall bury them: the treasuries for their silver, nettles, shall possess them: thorns shall be in their tents.

Rashi

כי הנה הלכו. ממקומם מרוב שודדים שיבאו עליהם עם נבוכדנצר:

For behold, they have gone away from their place because of the many plunderers who will come upon them with Nebuchadnezzar.

מוף. מארץ מצרים היא:

Moph shall bury them It is of the land of Egypt.

מחמד לכספם. בתי חמדת אוצרות כספם:

the treasurehouses for their silver The houses of the precious treasures of their silver.

קימוש. חוח מיני חיות תרגם יונתן:

thistles etc. briers Heb. קִימוֹשׁ חוֹחַ. Jonathan renders these terms as species of beasts.

9:7

בָּאוּ ׀ יְמֵי הַפְּקֻדָּה בָּאוּ יְמֵי הַשִּׁלֻּם יֵדְעוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֱוִיל הַנָּבִיא מְשֻׁגָּע אִישׁ הָרוּחַ עַל רֹב עֲוֺנְךָ וְרַבָּה מַשְׂטֵמָֽה׃

The days of punishment are come, the days of recompense are come; Yisra᾽el shall know it: the prophet is a fool, the man of spirit is mad; because of the multitude of thy iniquity, great is the hatred.

The days of punishment are come, the days of recompense are come; Yisra᾽el shall know it: the prophet is a fool, the man of spirit is mad; because of the multitude of thy iniquity, great is the hatred.

Rashi

הפקודה. שיפקדו עונותיכם:

the visitation When your sins will be visited.

השלום. תושלמת חובין:

recompense the payment of sins.

אויל הנביא. אף מנביאי אמת שלהם יהיו אוילים כגון חנניה בן עזור שתחלתו נביא אמת היה:

the prophet shall be a fool Even some of their true prophets will be fools, e.g. Hananiah son of Azzur, who was originally a true prophet.

ורבה משטמה. שהקב"ה שונא מעשיכ':

and the hatred is great which the Holy One, blessed be He, hates your deeds.

9:8

צֹפֶה אֶפְרַיִם עִם־אֱלֹהָי נָבִיא פַּח יָקוֹשׁ עַל־כׇּל־דְּרָכָיו מַשְׂטֵמָה בְּבֵית אֱלֹהָֽיו׃

The watchman of Efrayim with my God, the prophet; a fowler’s snare is in all his ways, and enmity in the house of his God.

The watchman of Efrayim with my God, the prophet; a fowler’s snare is in all his ways, and enmity in the house of his God.

Rashi

צופה אפרים עם אלהי. הם מעמידין להם נביאיהם הממשיכין אותן לצד עכו"ם שלהם:

Ephraim is a prophet with my God They set up for themselves their prophets, who attract them toward their idolatry.

נביא פח יקוש על כל דרכיו. ולנביאי האמת הם טומנין פחים ללכדם:

[for the] prophet [they lay] a fowler’s snare on all his ways And for the true prophet they conceal snares to trap them.

משטמה בבית אלהיו. בבית המקדש הרגו את זכריה ויבקשו להרוג את ירמיה כענין שנא' (ירמיהו כ״ו:י״א) משפט מות לאיש הזה וגו':

[causing] hatred in the house of his God In the Temple they assassinated Zechariah (II Chron. 24:21), and they sought to assassinate Jeremiah, according to the matter that is stated: (Jer. 26: 11) “This man is liable to death etc.”

9:9

הֶעְמִיקוּ שִׁחֵתוּ כִּימֵי הַגִּבְעָה יִזְכּוֹר עֲוֺנָם יִפְקוֹד חַטֹּאותָֽם׃ {ס}        

They have deeply corrupted themselves, as in the days of Giv῾a: therefore he will remember their iniquity, he will punish their sins.

They have deeply corrupted themselves, as in the days of Giv῾a: therefore he will remember their iniquity, he will punish their sins.

Rashi

כימי הגבעה. יש אומרים זה גבעת בנימין בפלגש (שופטים יט) ויש אומרים זה גבעת שאול (שמואל א יא) ששאלו להם מלך ומרדו בדברי הנביא:

as in the days of Gibeah Some say that this is Gibeah of Benjamin in the case of the concubine (Jud. 19), and some say that this is Gibeah of Saul, where they asked for a king and rebelled against the words of the prophet (I Sam. 15).

9:10

כַּעֲנָבִים בַּמִּדְבָּר מָצָאתִי יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּבִכּוּרָהֿ בִתְאֵנָה בְּרֵאשִׁיתָהּ רָאִיתִי אֲבוֹתֵיכֶם הֵמָּה בָּאוּ בַֽעַל־פְּעוֹר וַיִּנָּֽזְרוּ לַבֹּשֶׁת וַיִּהְיוּ שִׁקּוּצִים כְּאׇהֳבָֽם׃

I found Yisra᾽el like grapes in the wilderness; I saw your fathers as the first ripe fruit in the fig tree at her first season: but when they came to Ba῾al-pe῾or, they dedicated themselves to that shame; and they became detestable like the thing which they loved.

I found Yisra᾽el like grapes in the wilderness; I saw your fathers as the first ripe fruit in the fig tree at her first season: but when they came to Ba῾al-pe῾or, they dedicated themselves to that shame; and they became detestable like the thing which they loved.

Rashi

כענבים במדבר. כענבים שהם חביבים במדבר כך חיבבתי את ישראל:

Like grapes in the desert Like grapes, which are precious in the desert, so did I love Israel.

כביכורה בתאנה. כתאנה מבושלת בעץ התאנה:

like a ripe fig Heb. כְּבִכּוּרָה, like a ripe fig. on a fig tree Heb. בִתְאֵנָהּ.

בראשיתה. בתחלת בישול התאנים:

in its beginning In the beginning of the ripening of the figs.

ראיתי אבותיכם. כן נראו אבותיכם בעיני לחבבם:

I saw your forefathers So did your forefathers appear in My eyes to love them.

וינזרו. אין נזירה בכל מקום אלא לשון פרישה:

and they separated themselves Heb. וַיִנָּזְרוּ. Nowhere is נְזִירָה anything but an expression of separation.

לבושת. לעכו"ם שהיא בשתם:

to a shameful thing To the deity, Baal-peor, which is their shame.

ויהי שקוצים. לפני:

and they became detestable before Me.

כאהבם. את בנות מואב:

when they loved the daughters of Moab.

9:11

אֶפְרַיִם כָּעוֹף יִתְעוֹפֵף כְּבוֹדָם מִלֵּדָה וּמִבֶּטֶן וּמֵהֵרָיֽוֹן׃

As for Efrayim, their glory shall fly away like a bird; no birth, and no pregnancy, and no conception.

As for Efrayim, their glory shall fly away like a bird; no birth, and no pregnancy, and no conception.

Rashi

אפרים כעוף יתעופף וגו'. אמר הנביא הלואי ויהיו כעוף הזה הנודד מקינו וחדל מפריה ורביה כך ישכלו את זרעם או בשעת לידה או יתעכל בבטן ויפילו או בשעת הריון לא יקלוטו כי מה בצע בגדלם את בניהם שהם יגדלו ושכלתים מאדם:

As for Ephraim their honor shall fly away like a bird etc. Said the prophet: If only they would be like a bird that wanders from its nest and ceases to multiply, so should they be bereft of their seed, either at the time of birth, or that it should disintegrate and they should miscarry, or at the time of conception that they should not conceive, for what use is it that they raise their children, since, if they raise them, I will bereave them before they become men.

9:12

כִּי אִם־יְגַדְּלוּ אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶם וְשִׁכַּלְתִּים מֵאָדָם כִּֽי־גַם־אוֹי לָהֶם בְּשׂוּרִי מֵהֶֽם׃

Though they bring up their children, yet I will bereave them, that there shall not be a man left: woe also to them when I depart from them!

Though they bring up their children, yet I will bereave them, that there shall not be a man left: woe also to them when I depart from them!

Rashi

כי גם. לאבות:

for woe... also Woe to the fathers.

אוי להם בשורי מהם. כמו בסורי מהן והוא מן מסורות כתבין שי"ן וקריין סמ"ך ד"א כעוף יתעופף כבודם וגו' כעוף זה שפורח ואיננו כן יעוף ויברח כל כבודם כל מה שנצטערו בבניהם בליד' ובהריון מלידה זה צער לידה ומבטן אלו ימי העיבור ומהריון בשעת תשמיש כל טרחם זה יכלה כיצד שהרי כשיגדלו את בניהם ושכלתים:

when I turn away from them Heb. בְּשוּרִי, like בְּסוּרִי, when I turn away from them. This is one of the words listed in the Masorah, which are spelled with a “sin” but read with a “sammech.” Another explanation: their honor shall fly away like a bird etc. Like this bird which flies away and is no more, so will their honor fly away and flee, all that they toiled with their children in birth, [in the womb,] and in conception. From birth This refers to the birth pangs. and from the womb This refers to the days of pregnancy. and from conception At the time of coitus. All this toil of theirs will end. How so? For, when they raise their children, I will bereave them.

9:13

אֶפְרַיִם כַּאֲשֶׁר־רָאִיתִי לְצוֹר שְׁתוּלָה בְנָוֶה וְאֶפְרַיִם לְהוֹצִיא אֶל־הֹרֵג בָּנָֽיו׃

Efrayim, as I saw Żor, is planted in pleasant place: but Efrayim shall bring forth his children to the slayer.

Efrayim, as I saw Żor, is planted in pleasant place: but Efrayim shall bring forth his children to the slayer.

Rashi

אפרים כאשר ראיתי לצור. בשלוותה מעטיר' ועשירה על כל המדינות כן ראיתי לאפרים שתולה בנוה ואפרים מה גמול שלם לי נתעסק להוציא אל הורג בניו לזובחם לעכו"ם של מולך כן תירגם יונתן:

Ephraim, as I saw Tyre in its tranquility, enjoying royalty and wealth more than all the provinces, so did I see Ephraim, planted in a dwelling place. But Ephraim what recompense did he recompense Me? He occupied himself with taking his children out to the slayer, to slaughter them in worship of the idols. So did Jonathan translate.

9:14

תֵּן־לָהֶם יְהֹוָה מַה־תִּתֵּן תֵּן־לָהֶם רֶחֶם מַשְׁכִּיל וְשָׁדַיִם צֹמְקִֽים׃

Give them, O Lord: what wilt Thou give? give them a miscarrying womb and dry breasts.

Give them, O Lord: what wilt Thou give? give them a miscarrying womb and dry breasts.

Rashi

תן להם ה' מה תתן. הנביא מתפלל שימותו קטנים שאינו דומה אבלו של קטן לאבלו של גדול לפיכך אם אי אפשר מלידה ומבטן ומהריון שכבר נגזר מבריאת עולם (בראשית ג׳:ט״ז) ואל אישך תשוקתך תן להם מהרה בקטנותם מה שאתה אומר ליתן להם לאחר זמן שאמרת כי אם יגדלו את בניה' ושכלתים:

Give them, O Lord, what You will give The prophet prays that they should die when young, for the mourning for a child is not as bad as the mourning for an adult. Therefore, if it is impossible that they die from birth, from the womb, or from conception, for it was already decreed from the Creation of the world, (Gen. 3: l6) “And to your husband shall be your longing,” give them quickly in their childhood what you say to give to them after a time, for You said, “For, if they raise their children. I will bereave them.” [from Pesikta Rabbathi 45:3]

תן להם רחם משכיל. בשעה שיוצאין לאויר עולם ימותו או יצטמקו שדי אמן שלא יהא להם חלב להניק:

give them a bereaving womb When they emerge into the world (lit. the air of the world), let them die or let their mother’s breasts dry up so that they will have no milk to nurse them.

9:15

כׇּל־רָעָתָם בַּגִּלְגָּל כִּי־שָׁם שְׂנֵאתִים עַל רֹעַ מַעַלְלֵיהֶם מִבֵּיתִי אֲגָרְשֵׁם לֹא אוֹסֵף אַהֲבָתָם כׇּל־שָׂרֵיהֶם סֹרְרִֽים׃

All their wickedness is in Gilgal: for there I hated them: for the wickedness of their doings I will drive them out of my house: I will love them no more: all their princes are rebellious.

All their wickedness is in Gilgal: for there I hated them: for the wickedness of their doings I will drive them out of my house: I will love them no more: all their princes are rebellious.

Rashi

כל רעתם בגלגל. שם הרבו לעבוד עכו"ם בבמות לפי שהיה שם המשכן בתחלה היו אומרים להם נביאי הבעל שהוא מקום נבחר והוא היה למלכי ישראל:

All their evil is in Gilgal There they worshipped idols to a great extent (on high places absent in mss.). Since the mishkan was there first, the prophets of Baal would tell them that was a choice site, and it belonged to the kings of Israel.

לא אוסיף אהבתם. לאהוב אותם:

I will not continue to love them Heb. לֹא אוֹסֵף אַהֲבָתָם, lit. I will not continue their love.

9:16

הֻכָּה אֶפְרַיִם שׇׁרְשָׁם יָבֵשׁ פְּרִי (בלי) [בַֽל־]יַעֲשׂוּן גַּם כִּי יֵלֵדוּן וְהֵמַתִּי מַחֲמַדֵּי בִטְנָֽם׃

Efrayim is smitten, their root is dried up, they shall bear no fruit: yea, though they bring forth, yet will I slay the beloved fruit of their womb.

Efrayim is smitten, their root is dried up, they shall bear no fruit: yea, though they bring forth, yet will I slay the beloved fruit of their womb.

Rashi

פרי בל יעשון. לא טוב להם לפרות ולרבות שהרי גם כי ילדו והמתי מחמדי בטנם:

they shall not produce fruit It is not good for them to multiply, for, even if they bear children, I will slay the precious ones of their womb.

9:17

יִמְאָסֵם אֱלֹהַי כִּי לֹא שָׁמְעוּ לוֹ וְיִֽהְיוּ נֹדְדִים בַּגּוֹיִֽם׃ {ס}        

My God will cast them away, because they did not hearken to him: and they shall be wanderers among the nations.

My God will cast them away, because they did not hearken to him: and they shall be wanderers among the nations.

Rashi

ימאסם אלהי. איננו קללה אלא בשורה עתיד הוא למאסם:

My God shall reject them This is not a curse but a report. He is destined to reject them.

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: The Koren Jerusalem Bible · License: CC-BY-NC
  • Hebrew: On Your Way · License: PD
  • English: The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg · License: CC-BY

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