Tanach
Shemot 12:43-50 שמות י״ב:מ״ג-נ׳
Part of: BoBo, Aliyah 6Chapter 12
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן זֹאת חֻקַּת הַפָּסַח כׇּל־בֶּן־נֵכָר לֹא־יֹאכַל בּֽוֹ׃
Adonoy said to Moshe and Aharon, “This is the statute of the Pesach offering: No alien may eat it.
Adonoy said to Moshe and Aharon, “This is the statute of the Pesach offering: No alien may eat it.
Rashi
כל בן נכר. שנתנכרו מעשיו לאביו שבשמים (פסחים צו.), ואחד נכרי ואחד ישראל מומר במשמע (מכילתא פט"ו):
[No] alien. [So called] because his deeds have become alienated from his Father in heaven. Both a non-Jew and a Jewish apostate are included [in the words כָּל בֶּן נֵכָר].
וְכׇל־עֶבֶד אִישׁ מִקְנַת־כָּסֶף וּמַלְתָּה אֹתוֹ אָז יֹאכַל בּֽוֹ׃
However each man’s slave [if he was]purchased with money, you must circumcise him and then he may eat it.
However each man’s slave [if he was]purchased with money, you must circumcise him and then he may eat it.
Rashi
ומלתה אותו אז יאכל בו. רבו, מגיד שמילת עבדיו מעכבתו מלאכול בפסח (יבמות ע:), דברי רבי יהושע. רבי אליעזר אומר, אין מילת עבדיו מעכבתו מלאכול בפסח, א"כ מה תלמוד לומר אז יאכל בו, העבד:
You must circumcise him and then he may eat it. [“He” refers to] his master. This teaches that his uncircumcised slaves prevent him from partaking of the korbon Pesach; This is the opinion of Rabbi Yehoshua. Rabbi Eliezer says: His uncircumcised slaves do not prevent him from partaking of the korbon Pesach. If so, what is the meaning of “And then he may eat it”? [It refers to] the slave.
תּוֹשָׁב וְשָׂכִיר לֹא־יֹאכַל בּֽוֹ׃
An [alien] sojourner or hired worker may not eat it.
An [alien] sojourner or hired worker may not eat it.
Rashi
תושב. זה גר תושב:
A sojourner. This refers to a stranger who settles in Eretz Yisrael.
ושכיר. זה הנכרי, ומה תלמוד לומר, והלא ערלים הם ונאמר וְכָל עָרֵל לֹא יֹאכַל בֹּו, אלא כגון ערבי מהול וגבעוני מהול והוא תושב או שכיר:
Hired worker. This refers to a non-Jew. But why does the Torah need to tell us this — are they not uncircumcised — and it states: No uncircumcised may eat of it? But [the answer is that it refers to] a circumcised Arab or a circumcised Givonite who is either a תּוֹשָׁב or a שָׂכִיר .
בְּבַיִת אֶחָד יֵאָכֵל לֹא־תוֹצִיא מִן־הַבַּיִת מִן־הַבָּשָׂר חוּצָה וְעֶצֶם לֹא תִשְׁבְּרוּ־בֽוֹ׃
It must be eaten in one house. You must not remove from the house any of its flesh, to the outdoors, and you must not break any of its bones.
It must be eaten in one house. You must not remove from the house any of its flesh, to the outdoors, and you must not break any of its bones.
Rashi
בבית אחד יאכל. בחבורה אחת, שלא יעשו הנמנין עליו שתי חבורות ויחלקוהו, אתה אומר בחבורה אחת או אינו אלא בבית אחד כמשמעו, וללמד שאם התחילו והיו אוכלים בחצר וירדו גשמים שלא יכנסו לבית, תלמוד לומר על הבתים אשר יאכלו אותו בהם, מכאן שהאוכל, אוכל בשני מקומות (מכילתא פט"ו):
It must be eaten in one house — as one group — that those who were counted [as members] of it shall not [break up] into two groups and divide it up [among the two groups]. You say that [בְּבַיִת אֶחָד means] one group or maybe this is not so but [it means] in one house as is its plain meaning and it comes to teach that if they had begun and were eating in the courtyard and rain began to fall, that they may not enter the house. Therefore, the Torah tells us: “On the houses in which they will eat,” from this [we infer] that whoever eats it may eat it in two places.
לא תוציא מן הבית. מן החבורה:
You must not remove from the house. [Meaning:] from the group.
ועצם לא תשברו בו. הראוי לאכילה, כגון שיש עליו כזית בשר יש בו משום שבירת עצם, אין עליו כזית בשר או מוח, אין בו משום שבירת עצם:
And you must not break any of its bones. [A bone] that is edible as, for example, if it has upon it a kezayis piece of flesh, there is the prohibition against breaking the bone. If it does not have upon it a kezayis of flesh or marrow, there is no prohibition against breaking the bone.
כׇּל־עֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל יַעֲשׂוּ אֹתֽוֹ׃
The entire community of Yisrael must make this [offering].
The entire community of Yisrael must make this [offering].
Rashi
כל עדת ישראל יעשו אותו. למה נאמר, לפי שהוא אומר בפסח מצרים שה לבית אבות, שנמנו עליו למשפחות, יכול אף פסח דורות כן, תלמוד לומר כל עדת ישראל יעשו אותו:
The entire community of Yisrael must make this offering. Why is this said? Because about the Pesach in Egypt it states: “A lamb for a family” [i.e.,] they were assigned to it according to families; I might therefore think that this holds true for the Pesach of later generations. The Torah therefore tells us: “The entire community of Israel shall make it.”
וְכִֽי־יָגוּר אִתְּךָ גֵּר וְעָשָׂה פֶסַח לַיהֹוָה הִמּוֹל לוֹ כׇל־זָכָר וְאָז יִקְרַב לַעֲשֹׂתוֹ וְהָיָה כְּאֶזְרַח הָאָרֶץ וְכׇל־עָרֵל לֹֽא־יֹאכַל בּֽוֹ׃
When a proselyte dwells with you and wants to make the Pesach-offering to Adonoy, every male must be circumcised. He may then come near [join] to make it, and be like the native born. But no uncircumcised male may eat of it.
When a proselyte dwells with you and wants to make the Pesach-offering to Adonoy, every male must be circumcised. He may then come near [join] to make it, and be like the native born. But no uncircumcised male may eat of it.
Rashi
ועשה פסח. יכול כל המתגייר יעשה פסח מיד, תלמוד לומר והיה כאזרח הארץ, מה אזרח בארבעה עשר אף גר בארבעה עשר:
And wants to make the Pesach-offering. I might think that when one converts he must immediately do the korbon Pesach service, the Torah therefore tells us: “and he shall be like the native born” — just as the native-born [brings the Pesach] on the 14th so, too, the convert [brings it] on the 14th.
וכל ערל לא יאכל בו. להביא את שמתו אחיו מחמת מילה, שאינו מומר לערלות ואינו נלמד מבן נכר לא יאכל בו:
But no uncircumcised male may eat it. [This is stated] to include [in the prohibition] someone whose brothers have died as a result of circumcision whereby he is not an apostate regarding circumcision, and [his prohibition against eating it] cannot be ascertained from “any alien may not eat of it.”
תּוֹרָה אַחַת יִהְיֶה לָֽאֶזְרָח וְלַגֵּר הַגָּר בְּתוֹכְכֶֽם׃
There shall be one law for the native born and for the proselyte who dwells among you.
There shall be one law for the native born and for the proselyte who dwells among you.
Rashi
תורה אחת וגו'. להשוות גר לאזרח אף לשאר מצות שבתורה (מכילתא שם):
One law, etc. To equate the convert with the native-born regarding the other mitzvos of the Torah.
וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ כׇּל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהֹוָה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן כֵּן עָשֽׂוּ׃ {ס}
All the B’nei Yisrael did as Adonoy commanded Moshe and Aharon. They [Moshe and Aharon] also did so.
All the B’nei Yisrael did as Adonoy commanded Moshe and Aharon. They [Moshe and Aharon] also did so.
זאת חקת הפסח. בי"ד בניסן נאמרה להם פרשה זו:
This is the statute of the Pesach offering. This section was told to them on the 14th of Nissan.