Shemot
Bo, Aliyah 6 בא, שישי
Part of: BoBo, Aliyah 6Chapter 12Petuchah, Exodus 12:37Petuchah, Exodus 12:43Setumah, Exodus 12:29Setumah, Exodus 12:51
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Shemot 12
וַיְהִי ׀ בַּחֲצִי הַלַּיְלָה וַֽיהֹוָה הִכָּה כׇל־בְּכוֹר בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם מִבְּכֹר פַּרְעֹה הַיֹּשֵׁב עַל־כִּסְאוֹ עַד בְּכוֹר הַשְּׁבִי אֲשֶׁר בְּבֵית הַבּוֹר וְכֹל בְּכוֹר בְּהֵמָֽה׃
It was [exactly] midnight and Adonoy struck down [killed] every first-born son in the land of Egypt, from the first-born son of Pharaoh sitting on his throne, to the first-born son of the captive [prisoner] who was in the dungeon, as well as every first-born animal.
It was [exactly] midnight and Adonoy struck down [killed] every first-born son in the land of Egypt, from the first-born son of Pharaoh sitting on his throne, to the first-born son of the captive [prisoner] who was in the dungeon, as well as every first-born animal.
Rashi
הכה כל בכור. אף של אומה אחרת והוא במצרים:
Struck down every first-born son. Even if he was of another nation, who was [at the time] in Egypt.
מבכור פרעה. אף פרעה בכור היה ונשתייר מן הבכורים, ועליו הוא אומר בַּעֲבוּר זֹאת הֶעֱמַדְתִּיךָ (שמות ט, טז):
From the first-born son (of) Pharaoh. Pharaoh, too, was a first-born son, but he was spared from the fate of the [other] first-born sons. It is he that is referred to when it states: “It is for this reason that I have spared you in order to show you My power in the Reed Sea.”
עד בכור השבי. שהיו שמחין לאידם של ישראל, ועוד שלא יאמרו יראתנו הביאה הפורענות זו. ובכור השפחה בכלל היה, שהרי מנה מן החשוב שבכלן עד הפחות, ובכור השפחה חשוב מבכור השבי:
To the first-born son of the captive. 1. Because they rejoiced at the misfortune of the Israelites. Also, so that they might not say: “It is our god that brought the punishment [on the Egyptians].” 2. The first-born of the slave-girl is included [here], because [this verse] lists [everyone] from the most important [down] to the least important, and the slave-girl’s first-born son is more important than the captive’s first-born son.
וַיָּקׇם פַּרְעֹה לַיְלָה הוּא וְכׇל־עֲבָדָיו וְכׇל־מִצְרַיִם וַתְּהִי צְעָקָה גְדֹלָה בְּמִצְרָיִם כִּֽי־אֵין בַּיִת אֲשֶׁר אֵֽין־שָׁם מֵֽת׃
Pharaoh arose at night, he and all his servants and all the Egyptians, and there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was no house where there were no dead.
Pharaoh arose at night, he and all his servants and all the Egyptians, and there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was no house where there were no dead.
Rashi
ויקם פרעה. ממטתו:
Pharaoh arose — from his bed —
לילה. ולא כדרך המלכים בשלש שעות ביום:
at night — and not as is customary for kings [to arise] three hours into the day.
הוא. תחלה, ואחר כך עבדיו, מלמד שהיה הוא מחזר על בתי עבדיו ומעמידן:
He — first, and afterwards his servants. This teaches us that he (Pharaoh) made the rounds of his servants’ houses and made them get up.
כי אין בית אשר אין שם מת. יש שם בכור, מת, אין שם בכור, גדול שבבית קרוי בכור, שנאמר אַף אָנִי בְּכֹור אֶתְּנֵהוּ (תהלים פט, כח). דבר אחר, מצריות מזנות תחת בעליהן ויולדות מרווקים פנויים, והיו להם בכורות הרבה, פעמים הם חמשה לאשה אחת, כל אחד בכור לאביו:
For there was no house where there were no dead. If a first-born son was there, he died If there was no first-born there, then, the eldest of the household is regarded as a בְּכוֹר, as it is said: “I, too, will appoint him a בְּכוֹר .” An alternate explanation: The Egyptian women were unfaithful to their husbands and bore children from single unmarried men and they (these men) thereby had many first-born sons, sometimes [as many as] five to one woman, each one being a first-born son to his father.
וַיִּקְרָא לְמֹשֶׁה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹן לַיְלָה וַיֹּאמֶר קוּמוּ צְּאוּ מִתּוֹךְ עַמִּי גַּם־אַתֶּם גַּם־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּלְכוּ עִבְדוּ אֶת־יְהֹוָה כְּדַבֶּרְכֶֽם׃
[Pharaoh] called for Moshe and Aharon that night and said, “Set out! Get out from among my people, both you and the B’nei Yisrael. Go worship Adonoy as you have said [requested].
[Pharaoh] called for Moshe and Aharon that night and said, “Set out! Get out from among my people, both you and the B’nei Yisrael. Go worship Adonoy as you have said [requested].
Rashi
ויקרא למשה ולאהרן לילה. מגיד שהיה מחזר על פתחי העיר וצועק, היכן משה שרוי, היכן אהרן שרוי:
He called for Moshe and Aharon that night. This tells us that he (Pharaoh) went around to the various entrances (i.e., districts) of the city shouting, “Where does Moshe reside? — Where does Aharon reside?”
גם אתם. הגברים:
Both you — the men.
גם בני ישראל. הטף:
And the B’nei Yisrael — the infants.
ולכו עבדו וגו' כדברכם. הכל כמו שאמרתם, ולא כמו שאמרתי אני, בטל לא אשלח, בטל מי ומי ההולכים, בטל רק צאנכם ובקרכם יצג:
Go worship, etc., as you have said. Everything [shall be] as you have said and not as I have said. Void is [my statement:] “I will not send.” Void is [my statement:] “Who and who are going?” Void is [my statement:] “Only your sheep and cattle shall remain.”
גַּם־צֹאנְכֶם גַּם־בְּקַרְכֶם קְחוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתֶּם וָלֵכוּ וּבֵֽרַכְתֶּם גַּם־אֹתִֽי׃
Take your sheep and cattle too, as you have said and go; bless me too.
Take your sheep and cattle too, as you have said and go; bless me too.
Rashi
גם צאנכם גם בקרכם קחו. מהו כאשר דברתם, גַּם אַתָּה תִּתֵּן בְּיָדֵינוּ זְבָחִים וְעֹלֹות (שמות י, כה):
Take your sheep and cattle too. What is [stressed] כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתֶּם — as you have said? [It alludes to:] “You yourself will place in our hands [animals for] korbonos and burnt-offerings take, as you have said.”
וברכתם גם אותי. התפללו עלי שלא אמות, שאני בכור (מכילתא פי"ג):
Bless me too. [Meaning:] “Pray for me that I do not die, for I am a first-born son.”
וַתֶּחֱזַק מִצְרַיִם עַל־הָעָם לְמַהֵר לְשַׁלְּחָם מִן־הָאָרֶץ כִּי אָמְרוּ כֻּלָּנוּ מֵתִֽים׃
The Egyptians pressed the people to hurry them—to send them out of the land, for they said, “We are all dead men.”
The Egyptians pressed the people to hurry them—to send them out of the land, for they said, “We are all dead men.”
Rashi
כלנו מתים. אמרו, לא כגזרת משה הוא, שהרי אמר ומת כל בכור, וכאן אף הפשוטים מתים, ה' או י' בבית אחד (שם):
We are all dead men! They said: “This is not the same as Moshe’s decree for he had said, ‘Every first-born will die,’ and here the ordinary ones are dying — five or ten in the same house.
וַיִּשָּׂא הָעָם אֶת־בְּצֵקוֹ טֶרֶם יֶחְמָץ מִשְׁאֲרֹתָם צְרֻרֹת בְּשִׂמְלֹתָם עַל־שִׁכְמָֽם׃
The people took their dough before it was leavened. Their leftovers were wrapped in their clothing, [and carried] on their shoulders.
The people took their dough before it was leavened. Their leftovers were wrapped in their clothing, [and carried] on their shoulders.
Rashi
טרם יחמץ. המצריים לא הניחום לשהות כדי חימוץ:
Before it was leavened. The Egyptians did not let them procrastinate long enough [for the dough] to become chametz.
משארתם. שירי מצה ומרור (שם):
Their leftovers. [I.e.,] what was left of their matzoh and maror.
על שכמם. אע"פ שבהמות הרבה הוליכו עמהם, מחבבים היו את המצות (שם):
On their shoulders. Although they took with them many animals, they nevertheless showed their love for the mitzvah.
וּבְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל עָשׂוּ כִּדְבַר מֹשֶׁה וַֽיִּשְׁאֲלוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם כְּלֵי־כֶסֶף וּכְלֵי זָהָב וּשְׂמָלֹֽת׃
The B’nei Yisrael did as Moshe said, and they requested of the Egyptians silver articles and gold articles and clothing.
The B’nei Yisrael did as Moshe said, and they requested of the Egyptians silver articles and gold articles and clothing.
Rashi
כדבר משה. שאמר להם במצרים, וְיִשְׁאֲלוּ אִישׁ מֵאֵת רֵעֵהוּ (שמות יא, ב):
As Moshe said. For he had told them in Egypt, “Each man shall borrow from his friend.”
ושמלת. אף הן היו חשובות להם מן הכסף ומן הזהב, והמאוחר בפסוק חשוב (מכילתא שם):
And clothing. These were even dearer to them than silver and gold. the later [something is listed] in the verse the dearer [it is].
וַֽיהֹוָה נָתַן אֶת־חֵן הָעָם בְּעֵינֵי מִצְרַיִם וַיַּשְׁאִלוּם וַֽיְנַצְּלוּ אֶת־מִצְרָֽיִם׃ {פ}
Adonoy granted the people favor in the eyes of the Egyptians, and they granted their request. They [B’nei Yisrael thus] drained Egypt of its wealth.
Adonoy granted the people favor in the eyes of the Egyptians, and they granted their request. They [B’nei Yisrael thus] drained Egypt of its wealth.
Rashi
וישאלום. אף מה שלא היו שואלים מהם היו נותנים להם, אתה אומר אחד טול שנים ולך:
And they granted their request. Even that which they did not request of them they gave to them — “You asked for one — take two and go!”
וינצלו. ורוקינו:
They drained. [As Onkelos translates it:] וְרוֹקִינוּ — they emptied.
וַיִּסְעוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵרַעְמְסֵס סֻכֹּתָה כְּשֵׁשׁ־מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף רַגְלִי הַגְּבָרִים לְבַד מִטָּֽף׃
The B’nei Yisrael traveled from Ramseis to Sukkos. There were about six hundred thousand males on foot besides the children.
The B’nei Yisrael traveled from Ramseis to Sukkos. There were about six hundred thousand males on foot besides the children.
Rashi
מרעמסס סכתה. ק"ך מיל היו, ובאו שם לפי שעה, שנאמר וָאֶשָׂא אֶתְכֶם עַל כַּנְפֵי נְשָׁרִים (שמות יט, ד):
From Ramseis to Sukkos. [The distance between them] was 120 miles but they came there in a moment, as it is said: “And I carried you on eagles’ wings.”
הגברים: מבן עשרים שנה ומעלה:
Males — who were twenty years and older.
וְגַם־עֵרֶב רַב עָלָה אִתָּם וְצֹאן וּבָקָר מִקְנֶה כָּבֵד מְאֹֽד׃
A great mixture [of nationalities] also went up with them. There were [also] sheep and cattle, a huge amount of livestock.
A great mixture [of nationalities] also went up with them. There were [also] sheep and cattle, a huge amount of livestock.
Rashi
ערב רב. תערובות אומות של גרים:
A great mixture. A mixture of various nations who were proselytes.
וַיֹּאפוּ אֶת־הַבָּצֵק אֲשֶׁר הוֹצִיאוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם עֻגֹת מַצּוֹת כִּי לֹא חָמֵץ כִּֽי־גֹרְשׁוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם וְלֹא יָֽכְלוּ לְהִתְמַהְמֵהַּ וְגַם־צֵדָה לֹא־עָשׂוּ לָהֶֽם׃
They baked the dough that they had brought out of Egypt into matzoh cakes, for it was not leavened. Since they were driven out of Egypt and could not delay, they had also not prepared provisions for themselves.
They baked the dough that they had brought out of Egypt into matzoh cakes, for it was not leavened. Since they were driven out of Egypt and could not delay, they had also not prepared provisions for themselves.
Rashi
עגות מצות. חררה של מצה. בצק שלא החמיץ קרוי מצה:
Matzoh cakes. [עֻגֹת מַצּוֹת means:] cake made of unleavened bread. Dough that has not leavened is called matzoh.
וגם צדה לא עשו להם. לדרך. מגיד שבחן של ישראל, שלא אמרו האיך נצא למדבר בלא צדה, אלא האמינו והלכו (מכילתא פי"ד), הוא שמפורש בקבלה זָכַרְתִּי לָךְ חֶסֶד נְעוּרַיִךְ אַהֲבַת כְּלוּלֹתָיִךְ לֶכְתֵּךְ אַחֲרַי בַּמִדְבָּר בְּאֶרֶץ לֹא זְרוּעָה (ירמיה ב, ב), ומה שכר מפורש אחריו קֹדֶש יִשְׂרָאֵל לַה' וגו':
They had also not prepared provisions for themselves — for the journey. This tells the praise of the Israelites, that they did not say, “How can we go out into the wilderness without provisions?,” but rather they had faith and they went. This is what is explicitly told in the Prophets: “I (God) remember to you the love of your youth, the love of your betrothal [to Me], when you followed Me into the wilderness — into a land that was not sown.” And what reward is set forth afterwards? “Yisrael is hallowed to Adonoy, etc.”
וּמוֹשַׁב בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר יָשְׁבוּ בְּמִצְרָיִם שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָֽה׃
The habitation of the B’nei Yisrael living in Egypt lasted four hundred and thirty years.
The habitation of the B’nei Yisrael living in Egypt lasted four hundred and thirty years.
Rashi
אשר ישבו במצרים. אחר שאר הישיבות שישבו גרים בארץ לא להם:
Living in Egypt. After the other settlements where they settled as strangers in a land that was not theirs.
שלשים שנה וארבע מאות שנה. בין הכל, משנולד יצחק עד עכשיו היו ארבע מאות שנה, משהיה לו זרע לאברהם נתקיים כי גר יהיה זרעך, ושלשים שנה היו משנגזרה גזירת בין הבתרים עד שנולד יצחק. ואי אפשר לומר בארץ מצרים לבדה, שהרי קהת מן הבאים עם יעקב היה, צא וחשוב כל שנותיו וכל שנות עמרם בנו ושמנים של משה, לא תמצאם כל כך, ועל כרחך הרבה שנים היו לקהת עד שלא ירד למצרים, והרבה משנות עמרם נבלעים בשנות קהת, והרבה משמונים של משה נבלעים בשנות עמרם, הרי שלא תמצא ארבע מאות לביאת מצרים, והוזקקת לומר על כרחך שאף שאר הישיבות נקראו גרות, אפילו בחברון, כענין שנאמר אֲשֶׁר גָּר שָׁם אַבְרָהָם וְיִצְחָק (בראשית לה, כז), ואומר אֵת אֶרֶץ מְגֻרֵיהֶם אֲשֶׁר גָרוּ בָהּ (שמות ו, ד), לפיכך אתה צריך לומר כי גר יהיה זרעך, משהיה לו זרע, וכשתמנה ארבע מאות שנה משנולד יצחק, תמצא מביאתן למצרים עד יציאתן ר"י שנה, וזה אחד מן הדברים ששינו לתלמי המלך:
Four hundred and thirty years. Altogether, from when Yitzchok was born until now, there were four hundred years. [Our reckoning is from then] because [only] from the time that Avraham had a child could there be a fulfillment [of the prophecy]: “For your descendant will be a stranger,” and thirty years passed from when the decree of “between the pieces” was decreed until the birth of Yitzchok. One cannot say [that the 430 years was] in the land of Egypt alone, for Kehos was among those who came with Yaakov. Now go and calculate all his years and all the years of his son Amram
וַיְהִי מִקֵּץ שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה וַיְהִי בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה יָצְאוּ כׇּל־צִבְאוֹת יְהֹוָה מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
It was at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, and on that very day all of Adonoy’s multitudes went out of the land of Egypt.
It was at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, and on that very day all of Adonoy’s multitudes went out of the land of Egypt.
Rashi
ויהי מקץ שלשים שנה וגו' ויהי בעצם היום הזה. מגיד, שכיון שהגיע הקץ, לא עכבן המקום כהרף עין, בט"ו בניסן באו מלאכי השרת אצל אברהם לבשרו, בט"ו בניסן נולד יצחק, ובט"ו בניסן נגזרה גזירת בין הבתרים (מכילתא פי"ד):
It was at the end of [four hundred and] thirty years, etc. And on that very day This tells us that the moment the bondage ended God did not detain them for even the blink of an eye: [This therefore tells us that] on the fifteenth of Nissan the serving angels came to Avraham to foretell to him (the birth of Yitzchok), On the fifteenth of Nissan Yitzchok was born and on the fifteenth of Nissan the decree of “between the pieces” was decreed.
לֵיל שִׁמֻּרִים הוּא לַֽיהֹוָה לְהוֹצִיאָם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם הֽוּא־הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה לַֽיהֹוָה שִׁמֻּרִים לְכׇל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְדֹרֹתָֽם׃ {פ}
This was a night of vigil for Adonoy, to bring them out of the land of Egypt. This night remains a night of vigil to Adonoy for all the B’nei Yisrael for [all] their generations.
This was a night of vigil for Adonoy, to bring them out of the land of Egypt. This night remains a night of vigil to Adonoy for all the B’nei Yisrael for [all] their generations.
Rashi
ליל שמרים. שהיה הקב"ה שומר ומצפה לו לקיים הבטחתו להוציאם מארץ מצרים:
A night of vigil — to which God watched and looked forward in order to fulfill His promise to take them out of Egypt.
הוא הלילה הזה לה'. הוא הלילה שאמר לאברהם בלילה הזה אני גואל את בניך:
This night remains a night [of vigil] to Adonoy. This is the night about which He said to Avraham, “It is on this night that I will redeem your children.”
שמרים לכל בני ישראל לדרתם. מְשֻׁמָּר ובא מן המזיקין, כענין שנאמר וְלֹא יִתֵּן הַמַשְׁחִית וגו':
A night of vigil for all the B’nei Yisrael for their generations. It is continuously protected from destructive forces. As is said: “He will not permit the destroyer, etc.”
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן זֹאת חֻקַּת הַפָּסַח כׇּל־בֶּן־נֵכָר לֹא־יֹאכַל בּֽוֹ׃
Adonoy said to Moshe and Aharon, “This is the statute of the Pesach offering: No alien may eat it.
Adonoy said to Moshe and Aharon, “This is the statute of the Pesach offering: No alien may eat it.
Rashi
זאת חקת הפסח. בי"ד בניסן נאמרה להם פרשה זו:
This is the statute of the Pesach offering. This section was told to them on the 14th of Nissan.
כל בן נכר. שנתנכרו מעשיו לאביו שבשמים (פסחים צו.), ואחד נכרי ואחד ישראל מומר במשמע (מכילתא פט"ו):
[No] alien. [So called] because his deeds have become alienated from his Father in heaven. Both a non-Jew and a Jewish apostate are included [in the words כָּל בֶּן נֵכָר].
וְכׇל־עֶבֶד אִישׁ מִקְנַת־כָּסֶף וּמַלְתָּה אֹתוֹ אָז יֹאכַל בּֽוֹ׃
However each man’s slave [if he was]purchased with money, you must circumcise him and then he may eat it.
However each man’s slave [if he was]purchased with money, you must circumcise him and then he may eat it.
Rashi
ומלתה אותו אז יאכל בו. רבו, מגיד שמילת עבדיו מעכבתו מלאכול בפסח (יבמות ע:), דברי רבי יהושע. רבי אליעזר אומר, אין מילת עבדיו מעכבתו מלאכול בפסח, א"כ מה תלמוד לומר אז יאכל בו, העבד:
You must circumcise him and then he may eat it. [“He” refers to] his master. This teaches that his uncircumcised slaves prevent him from partaking of the korbon Pesach; This is the opinion of Rabbi Yehoshua. Rabbi Eliezer says: His uncircumcised slaves do not prevent him from partaking of the korbon Pesach. If so, what is the meaning of “And then he may eat it”? [It refers to] the slave.
תּוֹשָׁב וְשָׂכִיר לֹא־יֹאכַל בּֽוֹ׃
An [alien] sojourner or hired worker may not eat it.
An [alien] sojourner or hired worker may not eat it.
Rashi
תושב. זה גר תושב:
A sojourner. This refers to a stranger who settles in Eretz Yisrael.
ושכיר. זה הנכרי, ומה תלמוד לומר, והלא ערלים הם ונאמר וְכָל עָרֵל לֹא יֹאכַל בֹּו, אלא כגון ערבי מהול וגבעוני מהול והוא תושב או שכיר:
Hired worker. This refers to a non-Jew. But why does the Torah need to tell us this — are they not uncircumcised — and it states: No uncircumcised may eat of it? But [the answer is that it refers to] a circumcised Arab or a circumcised Givonite who is either a תּוֹשָׁב or a שָׂכִיר .
בְּבַיִת אֶחָד יֵאָכֵל לֹא־תוֹצִיא מִן־הַבַּיִת מִן־הַבָּשָׂר חוּצָה וְעֶצֶם לֹא תִשְׁבְּרוּ־בֽוֹ׃
It must be eaten in one house. You must not remove from the house any of its flesh, to the outdoors, and you must not break any of its bones.
It must be eaten in one house. You must not remove from the house any of its flesh, to the outdoors, and you must not break any of its bones.
Rashi
בבית אחד יאכל. בחבורה אחת, שלא יעשו הנמנין עליו שתי חבורות ויחלקוהו, אתה אומר בחבורה אחת או אינו אלא בבית אחד כמשמעו, וללמד שאם התחילו והיו אוכלים בחצר וירדו גשמים שלא יכנסו לבית, תלמוד לומר על הבתים אשר יאכלו אותו בהם, מכאן שהאוכל, אוכל בשני מקומות (מכילתא פט"ו):
It must be eaten in one house — as one group — that those who were counted [as members] of it shall not [break up] into two groups and divide it up [among the two groups]. You say that [בְּבַיִת אֶחָד means] one group or maybe this is not so but [it means] in one house as is its plain meaning and it comes to teach that if they had begun and were eating in the courtyard and rain began to fall, that they may not enter the house. Therefore, the Torah tells us: “On the houses in which they will eat,” from this [we infer] that whoever eats it may eat it in two places.
לא תוציא מן הבית. מן החבורה:
You must not remove from the house. [Meaning:] from the group.
ועצם לא תשברו בו. הראוי לאכילה, כגון שיש עליו כזית בשר יש בו משום שבירת עצם, אין עליו כזית בשר או מוח, אין בו משום שבירת עצם:
And you must not break any of its bones. [A bone] that is edible as, for example, if it has upon it a kezayis piece of flesh, there is the prohibition against breaking the bone. If it does not have upon it a kezayis of flesh or marrow, there is no prohibition against breaking the bone.
כׇּל־עֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל יַעֲשׂוּ אֹתֽוֹ׃
The entire community of Yisrael must make this [offering].
The entire community of Yisrael must make this [offering].
Rashi
כל עדת ישראל יעשו אותו. למה נאמר, לפי שהוא אומר בפסח מצרים שה לבית אבות, שנמנו עליו למשפחות, יכול אף פסח דורות כן, תלמוד לומר כל עדת ישראל יעשו אותו:
The entire community of Yisrael must make this offering. Why is this said? Because about the Pesach in Egypt it states: “A lamb for a family” [i.e.,] they were assigned to it according to families; I might therefore think that this holds true for the Pesach of later generations. The Torah therefore tells us: “The entire community of Israel shall make it.”
וְכִֽי־יָגוּר אִתְּךָ גֵּר וְעָשָׂה פֶסַח לַיהֹוָה הִמּוֹל לוֹ כׇל־זָכָר וְאָז יִקְרַב לַעֲשֹׂתוֹ וְהָיָה כְּאֶזְרַח הָאָרֶץ וְכׇל־עָרֵל לֹֽא־יֹאכַל בּֽוֹ׃
When a proselyte dwells with you and wants to make the Pesach-offering to Adonoy, every male must be circumcised. He may then come near [join] to make it, and be like the native born. But no uncircumcised male may eat of it.
When a proselyte dwells with you and wants to make the Pesach-offering to Adonoy, every male must be circumcised. He may then come near [join] to make it, and be like the native born. But no uncircumcised male may eat of it.
Rashi
ועשה פסח. יכול כל המתגייר יעשה פסח מיד, תלמוד לומר והיה כאזרח הארץ, מה אזרח בארבעה עשר אף גר בארבעה עשר:
And wants to make the Pesach-offering. I might think that when one converts he must immediately do the korbon Pesach service, the Torah therefore tells us: “and he shall be like the native born” — just as the native-born [brings the Pesach] on the 14th so, too, the convert [brings it] on the 14th.
וכל ערל לא יאכל בו. להביא את שמתו אחיו מחמת מילה, שאינו מומר לערלות ואינו נלמד מבן נכר לא יאכל בו:
But no uncircumcised male may eat it. [This is stated] to include [in the prohibition] someone whose brothers have died as a result of circumcision whereby he is not an apostate regarding circumcision, and [his prohibition against eating it] cannot be ascertained from “any alien may not eat of it.”
תּוֹרָה אַחַת יִהְיֶה לָֽאֶזְרָח וְלַגֵּר הַגָּר בְּתוֹכְכֶֽם׃
There shall be one law for the native born and for the proselyte who dwells among you.
There shall be one law for the native born and for the proselyte who dwells among you.
Rashi
תורה אחת וגו'. להשוות גר לאזרח אף לשאר מצות שבתורה (מכילתא שם):
One law, etc. To equate the convert with the native-born regarding the other mitzvos of the Torah.
וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ כׇּל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהֹוָה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן כֵּן עָשֽׂוּ׃ {ס}
All the B’nei Yisrael did as Adonoy commanded Moshe and Aharon. They [Moshe and Aharon] also did so.
All the B’nei Yisrael did as Adonoy commanded Moshe and Aharon. They [Moshe and Aharon] also did so.
וַיְהִי בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה הוֹצִיא יְהֹוָה אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם עַל־צִבְאֹתָֽם׃ {פ}
On that very day, Adonoy took the B’nei Yisrael out of Egypt in their multitudes.
On that very day, Adonoy took the B’nei Yisrael out of Egypt in their multitudes.
Where next
Keep reading
- Bo, Aliyah 5
- Bo, Aliyah 7
- Chapter 12
- Bo Parsha
וה'. כל מקום שנאמר וה', הוא ובית דינו, שהוי"ו לשון תוספת הוא, כמו פלוני ופלוני:
And Adonoy. Wherever it states וה' (with the ו' prefix), it means He and His Divine court, for the letter ו' represents an addition as one says, “so-and-so as well as so-and-so.”