Tanach
Shemot 14:1-14 שמות י״ד:א׳-י״ד
Part of: BeshalachBeshalach, Aliyah 1Beshalach, Aliyah 2Chapter 14
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃
Adonoy spoke to Moshe saying:
Adonoy spoke to Moshe saying:
דַּבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיָשֻׁבוּ וְיַחֲנוּ לִפְנֵי פִּי הַחִירֹת בֵּין מִגְדֹּל וּבֵין הַיָּם לִפְנֵי בַּעַל צְפֹן נִכְחוֹ תַחֲנוּ עַל־הַיָּֽם׃
“Speak to the B’nei Yisrael and have them turn back and camp before Pi haChiros, between Migdol and the sea, facing Ba’al Tzephon. Camp opposite it, near the sea.”
“Speak to the B’nei Yisrael and have them turn back and camp before Pi haChiros, between Migdol and the sea, facing Ba’al Tzephon. Camp opposite it, near the sea.”
Rashi
ויחנו לפני פי החירות. הוא פיתום, ועכשיו נקרא פי החירות, על שם שנעשו שם בני חורין (מכילתא בשלח פ"א), והם שני סלעים גבוהים זקופים, והגיא שביניהם קרוי פי הסלעים:
And camp before Pi Hachiros [Pi Hachiros] is Pisom, but was now called Pi Hachiros, because there they became free men (בְּנֵי חוֹרִין) They (חִירוֹת) were two high, upright rocks and the valley between them was called פִּי (the mouth of) הַסְּלָעִים (of the rocks).
לפני בעל צפון. הוא נשאר מכל אלהי מצרים, כדי להטעותן, שיאמרו קשה יראתן (שם), ועליו פירש איוב מַשְׂגִּיא לַגֹּויִם וַיְאַבְּדֵם (איוב יב, כג):
Facing Ba’al Tzephon. It alone was left from all the gods of Egypt, in order to mislead them — so that they might say that their god was [too] difficult [to defeat]. It is concerning this that Iyov expressly said, “He causes the nations to err so that he might destroy them.”
וְאָמַר פַּרְעֹה לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל נְבֻכִים הֵם בָּאָרֶץ סָגַר עֲלֵיהֶם הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃
Pharaoh will then say of the B’nei Yisrael, “They are confused in the land, the desert has shut [trapped] them in.
Pharaoh will then say of the B’nei Yisrael, “They are confused in the land, the desert has shut [trapped] them in.
Rashi
ואמר פרעה. כשישמע שהם שָׁבִים לאחוריהם:
Pharaoh will then say — — when he will hear that they have turned to go backwards.
לבני ישראל. על בני ישראל. וכן ה' יִלָּחֵם לָכֶם, עליכם. אִמְרִי לִי אָחִי הוּא (בראשית כ, יג), אמרי עלי:
Of the B’nei Yisrael. [לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל means] of the B’nei Yisroel. Similarly: “God will fight לָכֶם (for you)” [or:] “Say (לִי), ‘He is my brother’” [meaning:] “Say of me.”
נבכים הם. כלואים ומשוקעים, ובלע"ז שיר"יר כמו בִּעֵמֶק הַבָּכָא (תהלים פד, ז), מִבְּכִי נְהָרֹות (איוב כח, יא), נִבְכֵי יָם (שם לח, טז). נבכים הם, כלואים הם במדבר, שאינן יודעין לצאת ממנו ולהיכן ילכו:
They are confused. [Meaning:] they are shut in and sunk serez in Old French — locked in. [נְבֻכִים being from] the same [root] as [or:] נִבְכֵי יָם — “the depths of the sea.” בְּעֵמֶק הַבָּכָא — “The valley of weeping.” [or:] מִבְּכִי נְהָרוֹת — “from the depths of rivers” [Thus] “נְבֻכִים הֵם” means “They are locked in, in the wilderness — they do not know how to get out of it nor where to go.”
וְחִזַּקְתִּי אֶת־לֵב־פַּרְעֹה וְרָדַף אַחֲרֵיהֶם וְאִכָּבְדָה בְּפַרְעֹה וּבְכׇל־חֵילוֹ וְיָדְעוּ מִצְרַיִם כִּֽי־אֲנִי יְהֹוָה וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵֽן׃
I will harden Pharaoh’s heart and he will pursue them. and I will be glorified through Pharaoh and his entire army. Egypt will [then] know that I am Adonoy.” They [the B’nei Yisrael] did just that.
I will harden Pharaoh’s heart and he will pursue them. and I will be glorified through Pharaoh and his entire army. Egypt will [then] know that I am Adonoy.” They [the B’nei Yisrael] did just that.
Rashi
ואכבדה בפרעה. כשהקב"ה מתנקם ברשעים שמו מתגדל ומתכבד, וכן הוא אומר וְנִשְׁפַּטְתִּי אִתֹּו וגו', ואחר כך וְהִתְגַדִּלְתִּי וְהִתְקַדִּשְׁתִּי וִנֹודַעְתִּי וגו' (יחזקאל לח, כב—כג), ואומר שָׁמָּה שִׁבַּר רִשְׁפֵי קָשֶׁת, ואחר כך נֹודָע בִּיהוּדָה אֱלֹהִים (תהלים עו, ד—ב), ואומר נֹודַע ה' מִשְׁפָּט עָשָׂה (שם ט, יז):
I will be glorified through Pharaoh. When God takes vengeance from the wicked His Name is magnified and glorified. So, too, is it stated: “I will take up judgment with him, etc.,” and afterwards: “I will be magnified, I will be sanctified and I will become known, etc. It also states: “There He broke the fiery arrows of the bow,” and afterwards: “God will be known in Judah.” It also states: “God has made Himself known, He has executed judgment”
בפרעה ובכל חילו. הוא התחיל בעבירה וממנו התחילה הפורענות (מכילתא פ"א):
Through Pharaoh and his entire army. [Pharaoh first because] he began sinning. Therefore punishment begin with him.
ויעשו כן. להגיד שבחן ששמעו לקול משה, ולא אמרו היאך נתקרב אל רודפינו, אנו צריכים לברוח, אלא אמרו אין לנו אלא דברי בן עמרם (שם):
They did just that [This is told to us] to relate their praises that they listened to Moshe and did not say: “How can we move nearer to our pursuers? We must, rather, flee.” But instead they said: “Our sole [mission] is [to obey] the words of the son of Amram.
וַיֻּגַּד לְמֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם כִּי בָרַח הָעָם וַיֵּהָפֵךְ לְבַב פַּרְעֹה וַעֲבָדָיו אֶל־הָעָם וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ מַה־זֹּאת עָשִׂינוּ כִּֽי־שִׁלַּחְנוּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵעׇבְדֵֽנוּ׃
The king of Egypt was told that the people had fled. Pharaoh and his servants had a change of heart regarding the people, and they said, “What have we done? [How did] we release Israel from serving us?
The king of Egypt was told that the people had fled. Pharaoh and his servants had a change of heart regarding the people, and they said, “What have we done? [How did] we release Israel from serving us?
Rashi
ויוגד למלך מצרים. אִיקְטוּרִין שלח עמהם (מכילתא פ"א), וכיון שהגיעו לשלשת ימים שקבעו לילך ולשוב, וראו שאינן חוזרין למצרים, באו והגידו לפרעה ביום הרביעי, ובחמישי ובששי רדפו אחריהם, וליל שביעי ירדו לים, בשחרית אמרו שירה, והוא יום שביעי של פסח, לכך אנו קורין השירה ביום השביעי:
The king of Egypt was told. He sent officials along with them. Once they reached the point of three days [journey], which had been fixed for them to go and to return and they (the officials) saw that they were not returning to Egypt, they came on the fourth day and told Pharaoh. On the fifth and sixth days they pursued them, and on the night of the seventh they went down into the sea. In the morning they chanted the shirah and that [day] was the seventh day of Pesach. It is for this reason the we read [in the Torah] the shirah on the seventh day [of Pesach].
ויהפך. נהפך ממה שהיה, שהרי אמר להם קוּמוּ צְּאוּ מִתֹּוךְ עַמִּי (שמות יב, לא), ונהפך לבב עבדיו, שהרי לשעבר היו אומרים לו עַד מָתַי יִהְיֶה זֶה לָנוּ לְמֹוקֵשׁ, ועכשיו נהפכו לרדוף אחריהם בשביל ממונם שהשאילום:
Had a change [of heart] — changed from what it had been, for he had [at first] said to them: “Set out! Get out from among my people.” His servants, too, had a change of heart, for earlier they had been saying to him: “How much longer will this man be a menace to us,” and now they changed [their minds] so as to pursue them because of their property which they gave them.
מעבדנו. מעבוד אותנו:
From serving us. [מֵעָבְדֵנוּ means] from serving us.
וַיֶּאְסֹר אֶת־רִכְבּוֹ וְאֶת־עַמּוֹ לָקַח עִמּֽוֹ׃
He [Pharaoh] harnessed his chariot and he took his people with him.
He [Pharaoh] harnessed his chariot and he took his people with him.
Rashi
ויאסר את רכבו. הוא בעצמו (מכילתא פ"א):
He harnessed his chariot — he himself.
ואת עמו לקח עמו. מְשָׁכָם בדברים, לקינו ונטלו ממוננו ושלחנום, בואו עמי, ואני לא אתנהג עמכם כשאר מלכים, דרך שאר מלכים עבדיו קודמין לו במלחמה, ואני אקדים לפניכם, שנאמר וּפַרְעֹה הִקְרִיב, הקריב עצמו מיהר לפני חיילותיו, דרך שאר מלכים ליטול ביזה בראש כמו שיבחר, אני אשוה עמכם בחלק, שנאמר אֲחַלֵּק שָׁלָל:
And he took his people with him. He enticed them with words: “We have been stricken and they have taken our property and we have sent them away. Come with me and I will not deal with you as other kings [do.] — It is the way of other kings that their servants go ahead of them in war, but I will go ahead of you.” As it is said: “Pharaoh drew near,” [meaning:] he drew himself near and rushed ahead of his armies. “It is the way of other kings to take the choice booty of whatever he chooses, but I will take an equal share with you,” as it is said: “I will share in the spoils.”
וַיִּקַּח שֵׁשׁ־מֵאוֹת רֶכֶב בָּחוּר וְכֹל רֶכֶב מִצְרָיִם וְשָׁלִשִׁם עַל־כֻּלּֽוֹ׃
He took six hundred elite chariots [and crews], and all the [other] chariots of Egypt, and commanders over all of them.
He took six hundred elite chariots [and crews], and all the [other] chariots of Egypt, and commanders over all of them.
Rashi
בחור. נבחרים, בחור לשון יחיד, כל רכב ורכב שבמנין זה היה בחור:
Elite [Meaning] selected. The word בָּחוּר is in the singular form. Each and every chariot in this count was [especially] selected.
וכל רכב מצרים. ועמהם כל שאר הרכב, ומהיכן היו הבהמות הללו, אם תאמר מִשֶׁל מצרים, הרי נאמר וַיָּמָת כֹל מִקְנֵה מִצְרָיִם (שמות ט, י), ואם תאמר מִשֶׁל ישראל, והלא נאמר וְגַם מִקְנֵנוּ יֵלֵךְ עִמָּנוּ (שם י, כו), מִשֶׁל מי היו, מהירא את דבר ה', מכאן היה רבי שמעון אומר, כשר שבמצרים הרוג, טוב שבנחשים רצוץ את מוחו (מכילתא פ"א):
And all the chariots of Egypt. [Meaning:] And along with them (the elite chariots), all the remaining chariots. From where did all these animals come? If you will say that they were of the Egyptians, but it is said: “All the flocks of the Egyptians died!” And if [you say that they] were of the Israelites, is it not said: “Also our flocks shall go with us?” Then whose were they?! [They were] of those who feared the word of God. It is from here that Rabbi Shimon would say: “The best of the Egyptians — kill him, the best of the snakes — crush his brains.”
ושלשים על כלו. שרי צבאות כתרגומו:
And commanders over all of them. [וְשָלִשִׁים means] army officers, as Onkelos translates it.
וַיְחַזֵּק יְהֹוָה אֶת־לֵב פַּרְעֹה מֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם וַיִּרְדֹּף אַחֲרֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל יֹצְאִים בְּיָד רָמָֽה׃
Adonoy hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he pursued the B’nei Yisrael. The B’nei Yisrael went out high handedly [in triumph].
Adonoy hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he pursued the B’nei Yisrael. The B’nei Yisrael went out high handedly [in triumph].
Rashi
ויחזק ה' את לב פרעה. שהיה תולה אם לרדוף אם לאו, וחזק את לבו לרדוף:
Adonoy hardened the heart of Pharaoh. Because he was not sure whether to pursue them, He hardened his heart so that he would pursue.
ביד רמה. בגבורה גבוהה ומפורסמת (מכילתא פ"א):
Highhandedly I.e., with lofty and open might (daring)
וַיִּרְדְּפוּ מִצְרַיִם אַחֲרֵיהֶם וַיַּשִּׂיגוּ אוֹתָם חֹנִים עַל־הַיָּם כׇּל־סוּס רֶכֶב פַּרְעֹה וּפָרָשָׁיו וְחֵילוֹ עַל־פִּי הַֽחִירֹת לִפְנֵי בַּעַל צְפֹֽן׃
The Egyptians pursued them and overtook them as they were encamped by the sea. There were all Pharaoh’s chariot horses, his cavalry and his army [infantry], at Pi haChiros, facing Ba’al Tzephon.
The Egyptians pursued them and overtook them as they were encamped by the sea. There were all Pharaoh’s chariot horses, his cavalry and his army [infantry], at Pi haChiros, facing Ba’al Tzephon.
וּפַרְעֹה הִקְרִיב וַיִּשְׂאוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־עֵינֵיהֶם וְהִנֵּה מִצְרַיִם ׀ נֹסֵעַ אַחֲרֵיהֶם וַיִּֽירְאוּ מְאֹד וַיִּצְעֲקוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל־יְהֹוָֽה׃
Pharaoh drew near, and the B’nei Yisrael looked up, and beheld the Egyptians coming after them. They were very frightened, and the B’nei Yisrael cried out to Adonoy.
Pharaoh drew near, and the B’nei Yisrael looked up, and beheld the Egyptians coming after them. They were very frightened, and the B’nei Yisrael cried out to Adonoy.
Rashi
ופרעה הקריב. היה לו לכתוב ופרעה קרב, מהו הקריב, הקריב עצמו ונתאמץ לקדם לפניהם, כמו שהתנה עמהם:
Pharaoh drew near It should have said וּפַרְעֹה קָרַב (in the קַל conjugation). Why does it say הִקְרִיב — [in the הִפְעִיל form]? He made himself draw near and he exerted himself to be ahead of them (his soldiers) as he had arranged with them.
נסע אחריהם. בלב אחד כאיש אחד. דבר אחר והנה מצרים נוסע אחריהם, ראו שר של מצרים נוסע מן השמים לעזור למצרים (תנחומא בשלח יג):
Coming after them. With one heart (mind), as one man. An alternate explanation: And behold the Egyptian (sing.) is coming after them: [meaning:] They saw the guardian angel of Egypt coming from the heavens to help the Egyptians.
ויצעקו. תפשו אומנות אבותם (מכילתא פ"ב). באברהם הוא אומר, אֶל הַמָּקֹום אֲשֶׁר עָמַד שָׁם (בראשית יט, כז). ביצחק, לָשׂוּחַ בַּשָׂדֶה (שם כד, סג). ביעקב, וַיִּפְגַּע בַּמָּקֹום (שם כח, יא):
They cried out. They grasped the trait of their forefathers. Regarding Avraham it is written: “To the place where he stood.” Regarding Yitzchok: “To meditate (pray) in the field” Regarding Yaakov: “He reached the place (prayed in the place).”
וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה הֲֽמִבְּלִי אֵין־קְבָרִים בְּמִצְרַיִם לְקַחְתָּנוּ לָמוּת בַּמִּדְבָּר מַה־זֹּאת עָשִׂיתָ לָּנוּ לְהוֹצִיאָנוּ מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃
They said to Moshe, “Were there not enough graves in Egypt that you took us out to die in the desert? What have you done to us, bringing us out of Egypt?
They said to Moshe, “Were there not enough graves in Egypt that you took us out to die in the desert? What have you done to us, bringing us out of Egypt?
Rashi
המבלי אין קברים. וכי מחמת חסרון קברים, שאין קברים במצרים ליקבר שם, לקחתנו משם. שיפו"ר פלינצס"א דינו"ן פושי"ש:
Were there not enough graves in Egypt. [Meaning:] Is it due to a lack of graves, that there are not (אֵין) graves in Egypt to be buried there, that you took us from there?” se por feilance de non foses in Old French.
הֲלֹא־זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְנוּ אֵלֶיךָ בְמִצְרַיִם לֵאמֹר חֲדַל מִמֶּנּוּ וְנַֽעַבְדָה אֶת־מִצְרָיִם כִּי טוֹב לָנוּ עֲבֹד אֶת־מִצְרַיִם מִמֻּתֵנוּ בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃
This is the [exact] thing that we told you in Egypt saying, ‘Leave us alone and let us serve the Egyptians.’ It would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than we should die in the desert.”
This is the [exact] thing that we told you in Egypt saying, ‘Leave us alone and let us serve the Egyptians.’ It would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than we should die in the desert.”
Rashi
אשר דברנו אליך במצרים. והיכן דברו, יֵרֶא ה' עֲלֵיכֶם וְיִשְׁפֹּוט (שמות ה, כא — מכילתא פ"ב):
That we told you in Egypt. Where was it that they told him? “Let God look at you and judge.”
ממותנו. מאשר נמות, ואם היה נקוד מלאפו"ם, (ר"ל חול"ם, כנודע לבעלי דקדוק שקראו חול"ם מלאפו"ם, ועיין לקמן פרשת יתרו ברש"י פסוק פן יפרוץ) היה נבאר ממיתתנו, עכשיו שנקוד בשורק, נבאר מאשר נמות. וכן מִי יִתֵּן מוּתֵנוּ, שנמות. וכן מִי יִתֵּן מוּתִי (שמואל־ב יט, יט) דאבשלום, שאמות. כמו לְיֹום קוּמִי לָעַד (צפניה ג, ח), עַד שׁוּבִי בְשָׁלֹום (דברי הימים־ב יח, כו) שאקום שאשוב:
Than we should die in the desert. [מִמֻּתֵנוּ means] than that we should die. Had it been vocalized with a melopum it would have been explained as: than our death! But now that it is vocalized with a shuruk we explain it as: than that we should die. Similarly: “If only (מוּתֵנוּ) we would die.” Similarly: “If only (מוּתִי)” regarding Avshalom [מוּתִי meaning:] I would die, As in: “Till the day קוּמִי forever,” [or:] “Until שוּבִי in peace,” [קוּמִי, שוּבִי meaning:] that I arise, that I return.
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֶל־הָעָם אַל־תִּירָאוּ הִֽתְיַצְּבוּ וּרְאוּ אֶת־יְשׁוּעַת יְהֹוָה אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂה לָכֶם הַיּוֹם כִּי אֲשֶׁר רְאִיתֶם אֶת־מִצְרַיִם הַיּוֹם לֹא תֹסִפוּ לִרְאֹתָם עוֹד עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃
Moshe said to the people, “Do not be afraid, stand firm and you will see the deliverance of Adonoy, which He will perform for you this day, for the Egyptians you have seen this day you will never again see them, even to eternity.
Moshe said to the people, “Do not be afraid, stand firm and you will see the deliverance of Adonoy, which He will perform for you this day, for the Egyptians you have seen this day you will never again see them, even to eternity.
Rashi
כי אשר ראיתם את מצרים וגו'. מה שראיתם אותם אינו אלא היום, היום הוא שראיתם אותם ולא תוסיפו עוד:
For the Egyptians you have seen [this day]. [I.e.,] the fact that you have [now] seen them is only this day. This is the day that you saw them, but you will never again [see them].
יְהֹוָה יִלָּחֵם לָכֶם וְאַתֶּם תַּחֲרִשֽׁוּן׃ {פ}
Adonoy will fight for you, and you [must] remain silent.
Adonoy will fight for you, and you [must] remain silent.
Rashi
ה' ילחם לכם. בשבילכם, וכן כִּי ה' נִלְחָם לָהֶם, וכן אִם לָאֵל תְּרִיבוּן (איוב יג, ח), וכן וַאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר לִי (בראשית כד, ז), וכן ה ַאַתֶּם תְּרִיבוּן לַבַּעַל (שופטים ו, לא):
Adonoy will fight for you [לָכֶם means:] for you. Similarly: “For Adonoy is fighting for them.” Similarly: “Will you argue for God?” Similarly: “And the one who spoke for me” Similarly: “Will you argue for the Ba’al”
וישבו. לאחוריהם, לצד מצרים היו מקרבין כל יום השלישי, כדי להטעות את פרעה, שיאמר תועים הם בדרך, כמו שנאמר ואמר פרעה לבני ישראל וגו':
And have them turn back. They kept moving nearer to Egypt the entire third day in order to mislead Pharaoh so that he might say: “They are lost in the wilderness,” as it is said: “Pharaoh said of the B’nei Yisrael, etc.”