Tanach
Shemot 20:8-11 שמות כ׳:ח׳-י״א
Part of: YitroYitro, Aliyah 6Chapter 20
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
זָכוֹר אֶת־יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת לְקַדְּשֽׁוֹ׃
Remember the Shabbos day to sanctify it.
Remember the Shabbos day to sanctify it.
Rashi
שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים תַּֽעֲבֹד וְעָשִׂיתָ כׇּֿל־מְלַאכְתֶּֽךָ׃
You may work six days, and do all your work.
You may work six days, and do all your work.
Rashi
ועשית כל מלאכתך. כשתבא שבת, יהא בעיניך כאילו כל מלאכתך עשויה, שלא תהרהר אחר מלאכה (מכילתא פ"ז):
And do all your work. When Shabbos comes, it should be in your eyes as if all your work has been done, so that you will not be concerned about work.
וְיוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שַׁבָּת ׀ לַיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לֹֽא־תַעֲשֶׂה כׇל־מְלָאכָה אַתָּה ׀ וּבִנְךָ͏ֽ־וּבִתֶּךָ עַבְדְּךָ וַאֲמָֽתְךָ וּבְהֶמְתֶּךָ וְגֵרְךָ אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃
But the seventh day is Shabbos to Adonoy, your God. You must not do any manner of work—you, your son, your daughter, your slave, your maid, your animal, and the foreigner within your gates.
But the seventh day is Shabbos to Adonoy, your God. You must not do any manner of work—you, your son, your daughter, your slave, your maid, your animal, and the foreigner within your gates.
Rashi
אתה ובנך ובתך. אלו הקטנים, או אינו אלא גדולים, אמרת, הרי כבר מוזהרין הם, אלא לא בא אלא להזהיר גדולים על שביתת הקטנים, וזה ששנינו (שבת קכא.)קטן שבא לכבות, אין שומעים לו, מפני ששביתתו עליך:
You, your son, your daughter. This refers to minors. Or [you might claim that it refers] only to adults. You must admit that they (the adults) have already been commanded. Thus this [command] comes only to warn adults regarding the Shabbos rest of the minors. This is the implication of that which we learned: A minor who offers to extinguish a fire is not to be listened to (i.e., we do not allow it) because [the responsibility for] his Shabbos rest is upon you.
כִּי שֵֽׁשֶׁת־יָמִים עָשָׂה יְהֹוָה אֶת־הַשָּׁמַיִם וְאֶת־הָאָרֶץ אֶת־הַיָּם וְאֶת־כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּם וַיָּנַח בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי עַל־כֵּן בֵּרַךְ יְהֹוָה אֶת־יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת וַֽיְקַדְּשֵֽׁהוּ׃ {ס}
For in six days Adonoy made the heaven and the earth, the sea and all that is in them, and He rested on the seventh day. Therefore Adonoy blessed the Shabbos and made it holy.
For in six days Adonoy made the heaven and the earth, the sea and all that is in them, and He rested on the seventh day. Therefore Adonoy blessed the Shabbos and made it holy.
Rashi
וינח ביום השביעי. כביכול הכתיב בעצמו מנוחה, ללמד הימנו קל וחומר לאדם שמלאכתו בעמל וביגיעה שיהא נוח בשבת:
And He rested on the seventh day. As if one could contemplate such a thing, He had it written about Himself that He rested to teach a fortiori from Him regarding a human being, whose work is done with toil and hard labor, that he must rest on Shabbos.
ברך. ויקדשהו. ברכו במן לכופלו בששי לחם משנה, וקדשו במן שלא היה יורד בו:
Blessed and made it holy. He “blessed” it with the manna by giving twice as much on Friday, a “double bread,” and “make it holy” with the manna that on Shabbos it did not fall.
זכור. זכור ושמור בדבור אחד נאמרו, וכן מְחַלֳלֶיה מֹות יוּמָת (שמות לא, יד) וּבְיֹום הַשַּׁבָּת שְׁנֵי כְבָשִׂים (במדבר כח, ט), וכן לֹא תִלְבַּשׁ שַׁעַטְנֵז גְּדִלִים תַּעֲשֶׂה לָךְ (דברים כב, יא—יב), וכן עֶרְוַת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיךָ (ויקרא יח, טז) יְבָמָהּ יָבֹא עָלֶיהָ (דברים כה, ה), הוא שנאמר אַחַת דִּבֶּר אֱלֹהִים שְׁתַּיִם זוּ שָׁמָעְתִּי (תהלים סב, יב). זכור לשון פעול הוא, כמו אָכֹול וְשָׁתֹו (ישעיה כב, יג), הָלֹוךְ וּבָכֹה (שמואל־ב ג, טז), וכן פתרונו תנו לב לזכור תמיד את יום השבת, שאם נזדמן לך חפץ יפה, תהא מזמינו לשבת (ביצה טז):
Remember. זָכוֹר and שָׁמוֹר were said [by God] in one utterance. Similarly: “Those who profane it shall be put to death,” and: “And on Shabbos [sacrifice] two lambs.” Also: “Do not wear shatnez, make fringes for yourself.” Also: [the prohibition against] “marrying your brother’s wife,” [and:] “her husband’s brother shall come unto her.” This is what is meant when it is said: “God spoke one utterance but I heard two.” [The word] זָכוֹר [and not זְכוֹר] is in the פָּעוֹל [an ongoing action] form, just like אָכוֹל וְשָׁתוֹ — “to eat and drink” [or:] הָלוֹךְ וּבָכֹה — “to go and to weep;” and this is its explanation [of זָכוֹר אֶת יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת]: Take heed to constantly remember the Shabbos day, so that if you happen upon a [nice] food item set it aside for Shabbos.