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27:9

וְעָשִׂיתָ אֵת חֲצַר הַמִּשְׁכָּן לִפְאַת נֶֽגֶב־תֵּימָנָה קְלָעִים לֶחָצֵר שֵׁשׁ מׇשְׁזָר מֵאָה בָֽאַמָּה אֹרֶךְ לַפֵּאָה הָאֶחָֽת׃

You shall make the enclosure for the mishkon. On the south side there shall be curtains for the enclosure made of fine twined linen. It shall be one hundred amohs long on one side.

You shall make the enclosure for the mishkon. On the south side there shall be curtains for the enclosure made of fine twined linen. It shall be one hundred amohs long on one side.

Rashi

קלעים. עשויין כמין קלעי ספינה נקבים נקבים, מעשה קליעה ולא מעשה אורג, ותרגומו סְרָדִין כתרגומו של מכבר המתורגם סְרָדָא לפי שהן מנוקבין ככברה:

Curtains. They were made like the sails of a ship with intermittent holes, braided and not wovenA (see illustration 1 on page 147). Onkelos’ translation of it as סְרָדִין is the same translation he used for מִכְבָּר, which he translated as סְרָדָא (v. 4). This is because they are [both] made with holes like a sieve.

לפאה האחת. כל הרוח קרוי פאה:

On one side. The entire side is called פֵּאָה .

27:10

וְעַמֻּדָיו עֶשְׂרִים וְאַדְנֵיהֶם עֶשְׂרִים נְחֹשֶׁת וָוֵי הָעַמֻּדִים וַחֲשֻׁקֵיהֶם כָּֽסֶף׃

It shall have twenty pillars, and they shall have twenty copper sockets. The hooks and bands of the pillars shall be of silver.

It shall have twenty pillars, and they shall have twenty copper sockets. The hooks and bands of the pillars shall be of silver.

Rashi

ועמודיו עשרים. חמש אמות בין עמוד לעמוד:

It shall have twenty pillars. Five amohs from one pillar to the next.

ואדניהם. של העמודים נחשת, האדנים יושבים על הארץ, והעמודים תקועין לתוכן, היה עושה כמין קונדסין שקורין פלא"ש, ארכן ו' טפחים ורחבן ג', וטבעת נחשת קבוע בו באמצעו, וכורך שפת הקלע סביביו במיתרים כנגד כל עמוד ועמוד, ותולה הקונדס דרך טבעתו באונקליות שבעמוד העשוי כמין וי"ו, ראשו זקוף למעלה וראשו אחד תקוע בעמוד, כאותן שעושין להציב דלתות שקורין גונזי"ש, ורחב הקלע תלוי מלמטה, והיא קומת מחיצות החצר:

And they shall have ... sockets. [I.e., the sockets] of the pillars were of copper. The sockets were set on the groundB and the pillars were inserted into them. He made a kind of rod which are called pals in Old French. Their length was 6 tefachim and their width 3 [tefachim], and a copper ring was set into its middle.C The end of the curtain was wrapped around it (the rod) with ropesD opposite each column and then the rod was hung by its ring from the hook that was on the pillar,E [the hook being] made like the letter ו', one end bent upwards and the other end set into the pillar, like those [hooks] made to support doors which are called gons (hinges) in Old French. The width of the curtain hung downward which formed the height of the partition of the enclosure.

ווי העמודים. הם האונקליות:

וָוֵי הָעֲמֻּדִים . They are the hooks.

וחשוקיהם. מוקפות היו העמודים בחוטי כסף סביב, ואיני יודע אם על פני כולן, אם בראשם, ואם באמצעם, אך יודע אני שחשוק לשון חגורה, שכך מצינו בפילגש בגבעה, וְעִמֹּו צֶמֶד חֲמֹורִים חֲבוּשִׁים (שופטים יט, י), תרגומו חשוקים:

Their bands. The pillars were encircled with silver strands all around.F I do not know whether this was for their entire length, or only at their top or only at their middle. But I do know that חִשּׁוּק has the meaning of wrapped around, for we find this regarding the Concubine of Giv’ah: “There were with him a pair of saddled donkeys” and the Targum [of חֲבוּשִׁים] is חֲשׁוּקִים .

27:11

וְכֵן לִפְאַת צָפוֹן בָּאֹרֶךְ קְלָעִים מֵאָה אֹרֶךְ וְעַמֻּדָו עֶשְׂרִים וְאַדְנֵיהֶם עֶשְׂרִים נְחֹשֶׁת וָוֵי הָֽעַמֻּדִים וַחֲשֻׁקֵיהֶם כָּֽסֶף׃

The same shall be on the north side. The curtains shall be one hundred amohs long, with twenty pillars and twenty copper sockets. The hooks and bands of the pillar shall be of silver.

The same shall be on the north side. The curtains shall be one hundred amohs long, with twenty pillars and twenty copper sockets. The hooks and bands of the pillar shall be of silver.

27:12

וְרֹחַב הֶֽחָצֵר לִפְאַת־יָם קְלָעִים חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה עַמֻּדֵיהֶם עֲשָׂרָה וְאַדְנֵיהֶם עֲשָׂרָֽה׃

For the width of the enclosure on the west side there shall be curtains of fifty amohs. They shall have ten pillars and ten sockets.

For the width of the enclosure on the west side there shall be curtains of fifty amohs. They shall have ten pillars and ten sockets.

27:13

וְרֹחַב הֶֽחָצֵר לִפְאַת קֵדְמָה מִזְרָחָה חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּֽה׃

The width of the enclosure on the east side shall be fifty amohs.

The width of the enclosure on the east side shall be fifty amohs.

Rashi

לפאת קדמה מזרחה. פני המזרח קרוי קדם, לשון פנים, אחור, לשון אחורים, לפיכך המזרח קרוי קדם שהוא פנים, ומערב קרוי אחור, כמו דתרגם אונקלוס הַיָּם הָאַחֲרֹון (דברים יא, כד), ימא מערבא:

On the east side. פְּנֵי הַמִּזְרָח is called קֶדֶם meaning the face — (or the front), whereas אָחוֹר refers to the back. It is for this reason that east is called קֶדֶם which is “the front” whereas the west is called “the back” just as you say: “the back sea,” which Onkelos translates: “the western sea.”

חמשים אמה. אותן נ' אמה לא היו סתומים כולם בקלעים, לפי ששם הפתח, אלא ט"ו אמה קלעים לכתף הפתח מכאן, וכן לכתף השנית, נשאר רחב חלל הפתח בנתים כ' אמה, וזהו שנאמר וּלְשַׁעַר הֶחָצֵר מָסָךְ עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה, וילון למסך כנגד הפתח, כ' אמה ארך כרוחב הפתח:

Fifty amohs. Those fifty amohs were not completely closed off by the curtains because that is where the entrance was. But, rather, there were 15 amohs of curtains on one side (“shoulder”) of the entranceway and the same was true for the other side.A (See illustration 2 on page 147.) There thus remained the width of the open entranceway in between [the two 15-amoh curtains], a [gap of] 20 amohs.B This is what is referred to in the statement: “The entrance of the courtyard shall have a screen of 20 amohs [width]” — a curtain as a screen opposite the entrance, being a length of 20 amohs, corresponding to the width of the entrance.C

27:14

וַחֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה קְלָעִים לַכָּתֵף עַמֻּדֵיהֶם שְׁלֹשָׁה וְאַדְנֵיהֶם שְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃

There shall be curtains fifteen amohs long on one flank [of the entrance]. They shall have three pillars and three sockets.

There shall be curtains fifteen amohs long on one flank [of the entrance]. They shall have three pillars and three sockets.

Rashi

עמדיהם שלשה. חמש אמות בין עמוד לעמוד, בין עמוד שבראש הדרום העומד במקצוע דרומית מזרחית, עד עמוד שהוא מן הג' שבמזרח ה' אמות, וממנו לשני חמש אמות, ומן השני לשלישי חמש אמות, וכן לכתף השנית, וארבעה עמודים למסך, הרי י' עמודים למזרח כנגד י' למערב:

They shall have three pillars. 5 amohs from one pillar to the next. Between the southernmost pillar, which stood at the southeastern corner, to the pillar, which was one of the three on the eastern side, there were five amohs,D and from that one to the next one, five amohs,E and from the second to the third, five amohs.F And the same was true for the other side. An additional four pillars for the screen,G give you a total of ten pillars on the eastern side, corresponding to the ten on the western side.H

27:15

וְלַכָּתֵף הַשֵּׁנִית חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה קְלָעִים עַמֻּדֵיהֶם שְׁלֹשָׁה וְאַדְנֵיהֶם שְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃

The other flank shall [also] have curtains of fifteen amohs. They [too] shall have three pillars and three sockets.

The other flank shall [also] have curtains of fifteen amohs. They [too] shall have three pillars and three sockets.

27:16

וּלְשַׁעַר הֶֽחָצֵר מָסָךְ ׀ עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה תְּכֵלֶת וְאַרְגָּמָן וְתוֹלַעַת שָׁנִי וְשֵׁשׁ מׇשְׁזָר מַעֲשֵׂה רֹקֵם עַמֻּֽדֵיהֶם אַרְבָּעָה וְאַדְנֵיהֶם אַרְבָּעָֽה׃

The entrance of the enclosure shall have a screen of twenty amohs. [It shall be made of] greenish-blue wool, dark red wool, crimson wool, and twined, fine linen. It shall be the work of an embroiderer. It [the screen] shall have four pillars and four sockets.

The entrance of the enclosure shall have a screen of twenty amohs. [It shall be made of] greenish-blue wool, dark red wool, crimson wool, and twined, fine linen. It shall be the work of an embroiderer. It [the screen] shall have four pillars and four sockets.

27:17

כׇּל־עַמּוּדֵי הֶֽחָצֵר סָבִיב מְחֻשָּׁקִים כֶּסֶף וָוֵיהֶם כָּסֶף וְאַדְנֵיהֶם נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃

All the pillars around the enclosure shall have silver bands, and silver hooks, and copper sockets.

All the pillars around the enclosure shall have silver bands, and silver hooks, and copper sockets.

Rashi

כל עמודי החצר סביב וגו'. לפי שלא פירש ווין וחשוקים ואדני נחשת אלא לצפון ולדרום, אבל למזרח ולמערב לא נאמר ווין וחשוקים ואדני נחשת, לכך בא ולמד כאן:

All the pillars around the enclosure, etc. Because explicit mention of hooks, bands, and copper sockets was made only in regard to the north and south, but regarding the east and the west no mention of hooks, bands, and copper sockets is made. Therefore [the Torah] now comes and teaches it here.

27:18

אֹרֶךְ הֶֽחָצֵר מֵאָה בָֽאַמָּה וְרֹחַב ׀ חֲמִשִּׁים בַּחֲמִשִּׁים וְקֹמָה חָמֵשׁ אַמּוֹת שֵׁשׁ מׇשְׁזָר וְאַדְנֵיהֶם נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃

The length of the enclosure shall be one hundred amohs. The width shall be fifty by fifty amohs. The height [of the pillars holding up the curtains] of twisted fine linen shall be five amohs, and their sockets shall be [made] of copper.

The length of the enclosure shall be one hundred amohs. The width shall be fifty by fifty amohs. The height [of the pillars holding up the curtains] of twisted fine linen shall be five amohs, and their sockets shall be [made] of copper.

Rashi

ארך החצר. הצפון והדרום שמן המזרח למערב מאה באמה:

The length of the enclosure. The north and the south running from east to west were 100 amohs long.

ורחב חמשים בחמשים. חצר שבמזרח היתה מרובעת חמשים על חמשים, שהמשכן ארכו שלשים ורחבו עשר, העמיד מזרח פתחו בשפת נ' החיצונים של אורך החצר, נמצאו כָּלוּ בחמשים הפנימים, וכלה ארכו לסוף ל', נמצאו כ' אמה ריוח לאחוריו בין הקלעים שבמערב ליריעות של אחורי המשכן, ורחב המשכן עשר אמות באמצע רוחב החצר, נמצאו לו עשרים אמה ריוח לצפון ולדרום מן קלעי החצר ליריעות המשכן, וכן למערב, וחמשים על חמשים חצר לפניו (עירובין כג:):

The width shall be fifty by fifty. The courtyard on the eastern side [of the mishkon] was a square of 50 by 50 amohs.I For the mishkon was 30 amohs long and 10 amohs wide. Its eastern entrance was placed at the edge of the outer 50 amohs of the length of the courtyard.J Consequently it was entirely in the inner 50 while its length ended at the end of another 30. Consequently there was a space of 20 amohs behind it, between the curtains on the west and the drapes behind the mishkon.K The width of the mishkon was 10 amohs in the middle of the width of the courtyard. Consequently there were 20 amohs of space to the north and to the south from the curtains of the courtyard to the drapes of the mishkon.L The same was true on the western side,M and 50 amohs by 50 amohs for the courtyard in front of it.

וקומה חמש אמות. גובה מחיצות החצר, והוא רוחב הקלעים:

The height was five amohs. [I.e.], the height of the partitions which was the width of the curtains.

ואדניהם נחושת. להביא אדני המסך, שלא תאמר לא נאמרו אדני נחושת אלא לעמודי הקלעים, אבל אדני המסך של מין אחר היו. כך נראה בעיני שלכך חזר ושנאן:

And their sockets shall be of copper. This intends to include the sockets of the screen, so that you should not say that copper sockets were only said in regard to the pillars of the curtains, while the sockets of the screen were made of some other material. This, it seems to me, is the reason it is again repeated.

27:19

לְכֹל כְּלֵי הַמִּשְׁכָּן בְּכֹל עֲבֹדָתוֹ וְכׇל־יְתֵדֹתָיו וְכׇל־יִתְדֹת הֶחָצֵר נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ {ס}        

All the vessels of the mishkon in all its service, all of its stakes and all the stakes of the enclosure, shall be made of copper.

All the vessels of the mishkon in all its service, all of its stakes and all the stakes of the enclosure, shall be made of copper.

Rashi

לכל כלי המשכן. שהיו צריכין להקמתו ולהורדתו, כגון מקבות לתקוע יתדות ועמודים:

All the vessels of the mishkon — which were needed for setting it up and for taking it down, e.g., hammers for driving stakes and posts.

יתדות. כמין נגרי נחושת עשויין ליריעות האהל ולקלעי החצר, קשורים במיתרים סביב סביב בשפוליהן, כדי שלא תהא הרוח מגביהתן, ואיני יודע אם תחובין בארץ, או קשורין ותלויין וכובדן מכביד שפולי היריעות שלא ינועו ברוח, ואומר אני, ששמן מוכיח עליהם שהם תקועין בארץ, לכך נקראו יתדות, ומקרא זה מסייעני, אֹהֶל בַּל יִצְעָן בַּל יִסַּע יְתֵדֹתָיו לָנֶצַח (ישעיה לג, כ):

Stakes. A sort of copper nail made for the drapes of the tent and for the curtains of the courtyard which were tied to [these stakes] with ropes wound all the way around their (i.e., the curtains’) bottom edges so that the wind should not lift them. I do not know whether they were put in the ground or whether they were only tied and hung, and their heaviness weighted down the lower edges of the drapes so that they did not move around in the wind. I would, however, suggest that their name (i.e., יְתֵדוֹת indicates that they were put in the ground, and for this reason they are called יְתֵדוֹת . And the following verse supports my view: “A tent that shall not be taken down, whose pegs (יְתֵדוֹתָיו) will never be pulled up.”

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

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