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3:1

וּמֹשֶׁה הָיָה רֹעֶה אֶת־צֹאן יִתְרוֹ חֹתְנוֹ כֹּהֵן מִדְיָן וַיִּנְהַג אֶת־הַצֹּאן אַחַר הַמִּדְבָּר וַיָּבֹא אֶל־הַר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵֽבָה׃

Moshe tended the sheep of his father-in-law Yisro, priest of Midian. He led the sheep to the edge of the wilderness and he came to the mountain of God, in the area of Choreiv.

Moshe tended the sheep of his father-in-law Yisro, priest of Midian. He led the sheep to the edge of the wilderness and he came to the mountain of God, in the area of Choreiv.

Rashi

אחר המדבר. להתרחק מן הגזל, שלא ירעו בשדות אחרים:

To the edge of the wilderness. In order to distance himself from theft whereby [the sheep] will not graze in others’ fields.

אל הר האלהים. על שם העתיד:

To the mountain of God. So called because of what was destined to occur there.

3:2

וַיֵּרָא מַלְאַךְ יְהֹוָה אֵלָיו בְּלַבַּת־אֵשׁ מִתּוֹךְ הַסְּנֶה וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה הַסְּנֶה בֹּעֵר בָּאֵשׁ וְהַסְּנֶה אֵינֶנּוּ אֻכָּֽל׃

An angel of Adonoy appeared to him [Moshe] in the heart of a fire in the midst of a thorn-bush. He looked and behold the bush was on fire, but the bush was not being consumed.

An angel of Adonoy appeared to him [Moshe] in the heart of a fire in the midst of a thorn-bush. He looked and behold the bush was on fire, but the bush was not being consumed.

Rashi

בלבת אש. בשלהבת אש לבו של אש, כמו לב השמים, בְּלֵב הָאֵלָה, (שמואל־ב יח, יד) ואל תתמה על התי"ו, שיש לנו כיוצא בו, מָה אֲמֻלָה לִבָּתֵךְ (יחזקאל טז, ל):

In the heart of a fire. [בְּלַבַּת אֵשׁ means:] in the flame of the fire, [i.e.] the “heart” of the fire, as in: “in the heart (the middle) of the heavens” or: “in the heart (the middle) of the oak tree.” Do not wonder as to the (extra) letter ת' because we find similar examples: “How strong is (לִבָּתֵךְ) [the wickedness of] your heart!”

מתוך הסנה. ולא אילן אחר, משום עִמֹּו אָנֹכִי בְצָרָה:

From the midst of the thorn-bush. And not another tree because [of the idea expressed in]: “I (God) am with him (Israel) in his trouble.”

אכל. נאכל, כמו לא עבד בה, אשר לקח משם:

Consumed. [Meaning:] consumed as in: “That has not been (עֻבַּד) worked” “that was (לֻקַּח) taken from there.”

3:3

וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אָסֻֽרָה־נָּא וְאֶרְאֶה אֶת־הַמַּרְאֶה הַגָּדֹל הַזֶּה מַדּוּעַ לֹא־יִבְעַר הַסְּנֶֽה׃

Moshe said, “I must turn aside and see [investigate] this great sight. Why doesn’t the bush burn?”

Moshe said, “I must turn aside and see [investigate] this great sight. Why doesn’t the bush burn?”

Rashi

אסורה נא. אסורה מכאן להתקרב שם:

I must turn aside. [Meaning:] “I will turn away from here so that I may approach there.”

3:4

וַיַּרְא יְהֹוָה כִּי סָר לִרְאוֹת וַיִּקְרָא אֵלָיו אֱלֹהִים מִתּוֹךְ הַסְּנֶה וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה מֹשֶׁה וַיֹּאמֶר הִנֵּֽנִי׃

When Adonoy saw that [Moshe] turned aside to see, Elohim called to him from the midst of the thorn-bush, and said, “Moshe, Moshe.’” He [Moshe] said, “Here I am.”

When Adonoy saw that [Moshe] turned aside to see, Elohim called to him from the midst of the thorn-bush, and said, “Moshe, Moshe.’” He [Moshe] said, “Here I am.”

3:5

וַיֹּאמֶר אַל־תִּקְרַב הֲלֹם שַׁל־נְעָלֶיךָ מֵעַל רַגְלֶיךָ כִּי הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עוֹמֵד עָלָיו אַדְמַת־קֹדֶשׁ הֽוּא׃

He [God] said, “Do not come any closer. Take your shoes off your feet, because the place upon which you are standing is holy ground.”

He [God] said, “Do not come any closer. Take your shoes off your feet, because the place upon which you are standing is holy ground.”

Rashi

של. שְׁלוֹף והוצא, כמו וְנָשַל הַבַּרְזָל (דברים יט, ה), כי ישל זיתך:

Take off. [Meaning:] “Pull off and remove” as in: “And the iron (וְנָשַׁל) slipped off” [or:] “Your olives (יִשַּׁל) shall fall off.”

אדמת קודש הוא. המקום:

Is holy ground. [The word הוּא refers to] (הַמָּקוֹם) the place.

3:6

וַיֹּאמֶר אָנֹכִי אֱלֹהֵי אָבִיךָ אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם אֱלֹהֵי יִצְחָק וֵאלֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב וַיַּסְתֵּר מֹשֶׁה פָּנָיו כִּי יָרֵא מֵהַבִּיט אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃

He [God] then said, “I am the God of your father, the God of Avraham, the God of Yitzchok, and the God of Yaakov.” Moshe hid his face, for he was afraid to look at Elohim.

He [God] then said, “I am the God of your father, the God of Avraham, the God of Yitzchok, and the God of Yaakov.” Moshe hid his face, for he was afraid to look at Elohim.

3:7

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה רָאֹה רָאִיתִי אֶת־עֳנִי עַמִּי אֲשֶׁר בְּמִצְרָיִם וְאֶת־צַעֲקָתָם שָׁמַעְתִּי מִפְּנֵי נֹֽגְשָׂיו כִּי יָדַעְתִּי אֶת־מַכְאֹבָֽיו׃

Adonoy said, “I have indeed seen the suffering of My people that are in Egypt. I have heard how they cry out because [of the harshness] of their slave-masters, and I am aware of their pain.

Adonoy said, “I have indeed seen the suffering of My people that are in Egypt. I have heard how they cry out because [of the harshness] of their slave-masters, and I am aware of their pain.

Rashi

כי ידעתי את מכאוביו. כמו וַיֵדַּע אֱלֹהִים, כלומר כי שמתי לב להתבונן ולדעת את מכאוביו, ולא העלמתי עיני ולא אאטום את אזני מצעקתם:

I am aware of their pain. Should be understood in the same sense as וַיֵּדַע אֱלֹהִים, meaning: “That I have focused My attention to take note and to know their pain, and have not ignored [them] nor will I block My ears from their cry.”

3:8

וָאֵרֵד לְהַצִּילוֹ ׀ מִיַּד מִצְרַיִם וּֽלְהַעֲלֹתוֹ מִן־הָאָרֶץ הַהִוא אֶל־אֶרֶץ טוֹבָה וּרְחָבָה אֶל־אֶרֶץ זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָשׁ אֶל־מְקוֹם הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי וְהַחִתִּי וְהָֽאֱמֹרִי וְהַפְּרִזִּי וְהַחִוִּי וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃

I have descended to free them from the hand of Egypt, and to bring them up from that land to a good, spacious land, to a land flowing with milk and honey; to the territory of the Canaanites, the Chittites, the Emorites, the Perizites, the Chivites and the Yevusites.

I have descended to free them from the hand of Egypt, and to bring them up from that land to a good, spacious land, to a land flowing with milk and honey; to the territory of the Canaanites, the Chittites, the Emorites, the Perizites, the Chivites and the Yevusites.

3:9

וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה צַעֲקַת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּאָה אֵלָי וְגַם־רָאִיתִי אֶת־הַלַּחַץ אֲשֶׁר מִצְרַיִם לֹחֲצִים אֹתָֽם׃

Now, behold, the cry of the B’nei Yisrael has come to Me. I have also seen the oppression with which the Egyptians oppress them.

Now, behold, the cry of the B’nei Yisrael has come to Me. I have also seen the oppression with which the Egyptians oppress them.

3:10

וְעַתָּה לְכָה וְאֶֽשְׁלָחֲךָ אֶל־פַּרְעֹה וְהוֹצֵא אֶת־עַמִּי בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃

Now go. I am sending you to Pharaoh, and you will bring My people, the B’nei Yisrael, out of Egypt.”

Now go. I am sending you to Pharaoh, and you will bring My people, the B’nei Yisrael, out of Egypt.”

Rashi

ועתה לכה ואשלחך אל פרעה. ואם תאמר מה תועיל, והוצא את עמי, יועילו דבריך ותוציאם משם:

Now go, I am sending you to Pharaoh. “Should you say, ‘What good will it do?’ [My response to you is:] ‘You will bring My nation out.’” [Meaning:] “Your words will be effective and you will bring them out of there.”

3:11

וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים מִי אָנֹכִי כִּי אֵלֵךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹה וְכִי אוֹצִיא אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃

Moshe said to Elohim, “Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh? Am I able to bring the B’nei Yisrael out of Egypt?”

Moshe said to Elohim, “Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh? Am I able to bring the B’nei Yisrael out of Egypt?”

Rashi

מי אנכי. מה אני חשוב לדבר עם המלכים:

Who am I. “What is my importance that I might speak with kings?”

וכי אוציא את בני ישראל. ואף אם חשוב אני, מה זכו ישראל שֶׁתַּעֲשֶׂה להם נס ואוציאם ממצרים:

Am I able to bring the Bnei Yisrael out. “And even if I am important what did the Israelites do to merit that a miracle be performed for them that [will enable me] to bring them out of Egypt?” Because I will be with you. And the fact that you will succeed in my mission —

3:12

וַיֹּאמֶר כִּֽי־אֶֽהְיֶה עִמָּךְ וְזֶה־לְּךָ הָאוֹת כִּי אָנֹכִי שְׁלַחְתִּיךָ בְּהוֹצִֽיאֲךָ אֶת־הָעָם מִמִּצְרַיִם תַּֽעַבְדוּן אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים עַל הָהָר הַזֶּֽה׃

He [God] said, “Because I will be with you. This will be the proof that I have sent you—when you bring the people out of Egypt—you will serve Elohim on this mountain.”

He [God] said, “Because I will be with you. This will be the proof that I have sent you—when you bring the people out of Egypt—you will serve Elohim on this mountain.”

Rashi

ויאמר כי אהיה עמך. השיבו על ראשון ראשון ועל אחרון אחרון, שאמרת מי אנכי כי אלך אל פרעה, לא שלך היא, כי אם משלי, כי אהיה עמך, וזה המראה אשר ראית בסנה, לך האות כי אנכי שלחתיך, ותצליח בשליחותי וכדאי אני להציל, כאשר ראית הסנה עושה שליחותי ואיננו אֻכָּל, כך תלך בשליחותי ואינך ניזוק, וששאלת מה זכות יש לישראל שיצאו ממצרים, דבר גדול יש לי על הוצאה זו, שהרי עתידים לקבל התורה על ההר הזה לסוף שלשה חדשים שיצאו מצרים. דבר אחר כי אהיה עמך, וזה שתצליח בשליחותך, לך האות על הבטחה אחרת שאני מבטיחך, שכשתוציאם ממצרים תעבדון אותי על ההר הזה, שתקבלו התורה עליו, והיא הזכות העומדת לישראל. ודוגמת לשון זה מצינו, וְזֶה לְּךָ הָאֹות אָכֹול הַשָּׁנָה סָפִיחַ וגו' (ישעי' לז, ל), מפלת סנחריב תהיה לך לאות על הבטחה אחרת, שארצכם חריבה מפירות ואני אברך הספיחים:

He [God] said, “Because I will be with you. He (God) responded to his first question first and to his last question last: “Concerning that which you said, Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh? [My response is:] It is not your [mission] but, rather, Mine, for I will be with you, and the vision that you saw in the thornbush is a sign to you that it is I who sent you and that you will succeed in My mission and I am capable of saving, as you yourself saw the thornbush carrying out My mission without being consumed. You, too, shall go on My mission and you will not be harmed. As to that which you asked: what merit do the Israelites have that they should go out of Egypt? I have a great purpose in bringing them out: for they are destined to receive the Torah on this mountain three months after they go out of Egypt. An alternate explanation: will be the proof — of another promise; for I promise you that when you will bring them out of Egypt they will serve Me on this mountain by receiving the Torah upon it. This is the merit which stands by Israel. We find a similar sentence structure “And this will be a sign to you — that this year you will eat that which grew of itself, etc.” [i.e.] the fall of Sancheriv [mentioned earlier] will serve you as a sign for [the fulfillment] of another promise: “for [although] your land is [now] barren of fruit I will abundantly bless that which grows of itself.”

3:13

וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֶל־הָֽאֱלֹהִים הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי בָא אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתִּי לָהֶם אֱלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵיכֶם שְׁלָחַנִי אֲלֵיכֶם וְאָֽמְרוּ־לִי מַה־שְּׁמוֹ מָה אֹמַר אֲלֵהֶֽם׃

Moshe said to Elohim, “Behold, when I come to the B’nei Yisrael and say to them, ‘The God of your fathers sent me to you,’ they will say to me, ‘What is His name?’ What shall I say to them?”

Moshe said to Elohim, “Behold, when I come to the B’nei Yisrael and say to them, ‘The God of your fathers sent me to you,’ they will say to me, ‘What is His name?’ What shall I say to them?”

3:14

וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים אֶל־מֹשֶׁה אֶֽהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶֽהְיֶה וַיֹּאמֶר כֹּה תֹאמַר לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶֽהְיֶה שְׁלָחַנִי אֲלֵיכֶֽם׃

Elohim said to Moshe, “Eh’yeh Asher Eh’yeh;” and He said, “This is what you must say to the B’nei Yisrael, ‘Eh’yeh sent me to you.’”

Elohim said to Moshe, “Eh’yeh Asher Eh’yeh;” and He said, “This is what you must say to the B’nei Yisrael, ‘Eh’yeh sent me to you.’”

Rashi

אהיה אשר אהיה. אהיה עמם בצרה זאת, אשר אהיה עמם בשעבוד שאר מלכיות, אמר לפניו רבש"ע מה אני מזכיר להם צרה אחרת, דיים בצרה זו, אמר לו יפה אמרת, כה תאמר וגו'. (ברכות ט: — שמו"ר ג, ז) (לא שהשכיל חלילה משה ביותר, אלא שלא הבין דברי השי"ת, כי לא מחשבתו מחשבת השי"ת, שמאז כך היתה דעתו באומרו יתברך אהיה אשר אהיה, למשה לבדו הגיד, ולא שיגיד לישראל, וזהו יפה אמרת, שגם דעתי מתחלה כך היתה, שלא תגיד לבני ישראל כדברים האלה, אלא כה תאמר לבני ישראל אהיה פעם אחת. וכן משמע במסכת ברכות ודו"ק):

Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh. I will be that what I will be. [Meaning:] “‘I, Who shall Be’ with them in this suffering [am the One] ‘Who will be’ with them when they will be subjugated by the other kingdoms.” [Whereupon] he (Moshe) said to Him, “Master of the Universe, why should I mention other suffering, it is sufficient [that they know of] their present suffering.” He (God) said to him, “You have spoken well, ‘This is what you must say, etc.’”

3:15

וַיֹּאמֶר עוֹד אֱלֹהִים אֶל־מֹשֶׁה כֹּֽה־תֹאמַר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי אֲבֹתֵיכֶם אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם אֱלֹהֵי יִצְחָק וֵאלֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב שְׁלָחַנִי אֲלֵיכֶם זֶה־שְּׁמִי לְעֹלָם וְזֶה זִכְרִי לְדֹר דֹּֽר׃

Elohim continued talking to Moshe, “This is what you must say to the B’nei Yisrael, ‘Adonoy, the God of your fathers, the God of Avraham, the God of Yitzchok, and the God of Yaakov, sent me to you. This is My eternal Name, and this is how I am to be mentioned for all generations.’”

Elohim continued talking to Moshe, “This is what you must say to the B’nei Yisrael, ‘Adonoy, the God of your fathers, the God of Avraham, the God of Yitzchok, and the God of Yaakov, sent me to you. This is My eternal Name, and this is how I am to be mentioned for all generations.’”

Rashi

זה שמי לעלם. חסר וי"ו לומר, העלימהו, שלא יקרא ככתבו (שמו"ר ג, ט):

This is my eternal Name. [לְעֹלָם] is missing the letter vav [after the ayin], [in effect] saying, “Conceal it.” so that it (My Name) not be read as written.

וזה זכרי. למדו היאך נקרא, וכן דוד הוא אומר, ה' שמך לעולם ה' זכרך לדור ודור:

And this is how I am to be mentioned. He (God) taught him how [the Name] is to be read. Similarly, David says: “Your Name is forever, The mention of Your Name is for all generations.”

3:16

לֵךְ וְאָֽסַפְתָּ אֶת־זִקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶם נִרְאָה אֵלַי אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיַעֲקֹב לֵאמֹר פָּקֹד פָּקַדְתִּי אֶתְכֶם וְאֶת־הֶעָשׂוּי לָכֶם בְּמִצְרָֽיִם׃

“Go, gather the elders of Yisrael, and say to them, ‘Adonoy, the God of your fathers appeared to me—the God of Avraham, Yitzchok and Yaakov—saying, “I have indeed been mindful of you, regarding that which is being done to you in Egypt.

“Go, gather the elders of Yisrael, and say to them, ‘Adonoy, the God of your fathers appeared to me—the God of Avraham, Yitzchok and Yaakov—saying, “I have indeed been mindful of you, regarding that which is being done to you in Egypt.

Rashi

את זקני ישראל. מיוחדים לישיבה. ואם תאמר זקנים סתם, היאך אפשר לו לאסוף זקנים של ס' רבוא:

The elders of Yisrael — those designated [to attend] meetings. Should you claim [that זִקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל refers to] any and all elderly people, how would it be possible for him to gather [all] the elders of [a male population of] 600,000?

3:17

וָאֹמַר אַעֲלֶה אֶתְכֶם מֵעֳנִי מִצְרַיִם אֶל־אֶרֶץ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי וְהַחִתִּי וְהָֽאֱמֹרִי וְהַפְּרִזִּי וְהַחִוִּי וְהַיְבוּסִי אֶל־אֶרֶץ זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָֽשׁ׃

I have said, I will bring you up out of the suffering of Egypt, to the land of the Canaanites, the Chittites, the Emorites, the Perizites, the Chivites and the Yevusites; to a land flowing with milk and honey.’”

I have said, I will bring you up out of the suffering of Egypt, to the land of the Canaanites, the Chittites, the Emorites, the Perizites, the Chivites and the Yevusites; to a land flowing with milk and honey.’”

3:18

וְשָׁמְעוּ לְקֹלֶךָ וּבָאתָ אַתָּה וְזִקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל־מֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם וַאֲמַרְתֶּם אֵלָיו יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי הָֽעִבְרִיִּים נִקְרָה עָלֵינוּ וְעַתָּה נֵֽלְכָה־נָּא דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים בַּמִּדְבָּר וְנִזְבְּחָה לַֽיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃

They will listen to your voice. You and the elders of Yisrael will come to the king of Egypt, and say to him, ‘Adonoy, God of the Hebrews happened to meet with us. Now we request that you let us go into the wilderness for three days, to bring an offering [sacrifice] to Adonoy, our God.’

They will listen to your voice. You and the elders of Yisrael will come to the king of Egypt, and say to him, ‘Adonoy, God of the Hebrews happened to meet with us. Now we request that you let us go into the wilderness for three days, to bring an offering [sacrifice] to Adonoy, our God.’

Rashi

ושמעו לקולך. מאליהם, מכיון שתאמר להם לשון זה ישמעו לקולך, שכבר סימן זה מסור בידם מיעקב ומיוסף שבלשון זה הם נגאלים, יעקב אמר להם ואלהים פקוד יפקוד אתכם, יוסף אמר להם פָּקֹד יִפְקֹד אֶלֹהִים אֶתְכֶם (בראשית נ, כה):

They will listen to your voice — of their own volition (i.e., without waiting for signs). “Once you tell it to them using this expression they will listen to your voice, for this sign has already been transmitted to them through Yaakov and Yoseif that with this expression they will be redeemed.” Yaakov said to them: “And Elokim will surely consider you.” Yoseif, [too,] said to them: “Elokim will surely consider you.”

נקרה עלינו. לשון מקרה, וכן וַיִּקָּר אֶלֹהִים (במדבר כג, ד), ואנכי אקרה כה, אהא נקרה מאתו הלום:

Happened to meet with us. [נִקְרָה is derived from] the term מִקְרֶה (happening). Similarly, “And God [וַיִּקָּר] happened to meet,” [or:] וְאָנֹכִי אִקָּרֶה כֹּה .” [Meaning:] I will be met (אִקָּרֶה) by Him here.”

(אלהי העבריים. יו"ד יתירה, רמז לי' מכות. ברש"י ישן):

God of the Hebrews. [הָעִבְרִיִּים is written with] an additional yud as an allusion to the ten plagues. (From an old Rashi manuscript.)

3:19

וַאֲנִי יָדַעְתִּי כִּי לֹֽא־יִתֵּן אֶתְכֶם מֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם לַהֲלֹךְ וְלֹא בְּיָד חֲזָקָֽה׃

I know that the king of Egypt will not allow you to go [on this journey], but not because of his strong hand.

I know that the king of Egypt will not allow you to go [on this journey], but not because of his strong hand.

Rashi

לא יתן אתכם מלך מצרים להלוך. אם אין אני מראה לו ידי החזקה, כלומר כל עוד שאין אני מודיעו ידי החזקה לא יתן אתכם להלוך:

The king of Egypt will not allow you to go — unless I show him My strong hand; meaning: “As long as I do not make him aware [of] My strong hand he will not allow you to leave.

לא יתן. לָא יִשְׁבּוֹק, כמו עַל כֵּן לֹא נְתַתִּיךָ (בראשית כ, ו), לֹא נְתָנֹו אֱלֹהִים לְהָרַע עִמָּדִי (שם לא, ח), וכלן לשון נתינה הם. וי"מ ולא ביד חזקה. ולא בשביל שידו חזקה כי מאז אשלח את ידי והכיתי את מצרים וגו' ומתרגמינן אותו וְלָא מִן קֳדָם דְּחֵילֵהּ תַּקִּיף. משמו של רבי יעקב ברבי מנחם נאמר לי:

Will not allow. [As Onkelos translates it:] He will not permit, as in: “Therefore I did not (נְתַתִּיךָ) allow you” — [or:] “God did not allow him to harm me.” These are all terms denoting giving. There are others who explain וְלֹא בְּיָד חֲזָקָה: “And not because his hand is strong, for ‘once I will send forth My Hand and strike Egypt, etc.’” Onkelos translates it [accordingly]: “And not because his power is strong.” In the name of R. Yaakov b. R. Menachem this was told to me.

3:20

וְשָׁלַחְתִּי אֶת־יָדִי וְהִכֵּיתִי אֶת־מִצְרַיִם בְּכֹל נִפְלְאֹתַי אֲשֶׁר אֶֽעֱשֶׂה בְּקִרְבּוֹ וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵן יְשַׁלַּח אֶתְכֶֽם׃

I will then send forth my hand, and strike Egypt with all My wondrous deeds that I will perform in their midst. Then he [Pharaoh] will send you out.

I will then send forth my hand, and strike Egypt with all My wondrous deeds that I will perform in their midst. Then he [Pharaoh] will send you out.

3:21

וְנָתַתִּי אֶת־חֵן הָֽעָם־הַזֶּה בְּעֵינֵי מִצְרָיִם וְהָיָה כִּי תֵֽלֵכוּן לֹא תֵלְכוּ רֵיקָֽם׃

I will give this people grace in the eyes of the Egyptians; and when you go, you will not leave empty handed.

I will give this people grace in the eyes of the Egyptians; and when you go, you will not leave empty handed.

3:22

וְשָׁאֲלָה אִשָּׁה מִשְּׁכֶנְתָּהּ וּמִגָּרַת בֵּיתָהּ כְּלֵי־כֶסֶף וּכְלֵי זָהָב וּשְׂמָלֹת וְשַׂמְתֶּם עַל־בְּנֵיכֶם וְעַל־בְּנֹתֵיכֶם וְנִצַּלְתֶּם אֶת־מִצְרָֽיִם׃

Every woman shall borrow from her neighbor, and from the woman living in her house, articles of silver and gold, and clothing. You shall put them on your sons and daughters, and thus you will divest Egypt of its wealth.”

Every woman shall borrow from her neighbor, and from the woman living in her house, articles of silver and gold, and clothing. You shall put them on your sons and daughters, and thus you will divest Egypt of its wealth.”

Rashi

ומגרת ביתה. מאותה שהיא גרה אִתָּהּ בבית:

From the woman living in her house. [Meaning:] from the one that resides with her in the house.

ונצלתם. כתרגומו וּתְרוֹקִנּוּן, וכן וַיְנַצְּלוּ אֶת מִצְרָיִם (שמות יב, לו), וַיִּתְנַצְּלוּ בְּנֵי יִשְֹרָאֵל אֶת עֶדְיָם (שם לג, ו), והנו"ן בו יסוד. ומנחם חברו במחברת צד"י, עם וַיַצֵּל אֱלֹהִים אֶת מִקְנֵה אֲבִיכֶם (בראשית לא, ט), אשר הציל אלהים מאבינו, ולא יאמנו דבריו, כי אם לא היתה הנו"ן יסוד והיא נקודה בחיר"ק, לא תהא משמשת בלשון ופעלתם, אלא בלשון ונפעלתם, כמו וְנִסַּחְתֶּם מֵעַל הָאֲדָמָה (דברים כח, סג), ונתתם ביד אויב, וְנִגַּפְתֶּם לִפְנֵי אֹיְבֵיכֶם (ויקרא כו, יז), וְנִתַּכְתֶּם בְּתֹוכָהּ (יחזקאל כב, כא), ואמרתם נצלנו, לשון נפעלנו, וכל נו"ן שהיא באה בתיבה לפרקים, ונופלת ממנה, כנו"ן של נוגף, נושא, נותן, נושך, כשהיא מדברת לשון ופעלתם, תנקד בשו"א בחטף, כגון וּנְשָֹאתֶם אֶת אֲבִיכֶם (בראשית מה, יט), וּנְתַתֶּם לָהֶם אֶת אֶרֶץ הַגִּלְעָד (במדבר לב, כט), ונמלתם את בשר ערלתכם. לכן אני אומר, שזאת הנקודה בחיר"ק מן היסוד היא, ויסוד שם דבר נצול, והוא מן הלשונות הכבדים, כמו דִּבּוּר, כִּפּוּר, לִמּוּד, כשידבר בלשון ופעלתם ינקד בחיר"ק, כמו וְדִבַּרְתֶּם אֶל הַסֶּלַע (שם כ, ח), וְכִפַּרְתֶּם אֶת הַבָּית (יחזקאל מה, כ), וְלִמַּדְתֶּם אֹתָם אֶת בְּנֵיכֶם (דברים יא, יט):

And you will divest [Egypt from its wealth]. As Onkelos translates it: You will empty. Similarly: “(וַיְנַצְּלוּ) And they emptied Egypt,” [or:] “(וַיִּתְנַצְּלוּ) The Israelites divested themselves of their ornaments.” The letter נ' in it is part of the root. However, Menachem places it in the Machberes [with the words beginning with a] צד"י together with: “(וַיַּצֵּל) God took away your father’s cattle” [or:] “That (הִצִּיל) God took away from our father.” His (Menachem’s) words cannot be given credence for if the נו"ן were not part of the root and [since] it is vocalized with a chirik it cannot be used to express “And you shall do something” but, rather, a term of: “Something shall be done to you,” as in: “(וְנִסַחְתֶּם) You will be uprooted from the land,” [or:] “(וְנִתַּתֶּם) You will be given over to an enemy,” [or:] “(וְנִגַפְתֶּם) You will be stricken before your enemies,” [or:] “(וְנִתַּכְתֶּם) You will be disintegrated in her midst,” [or:] “You shall say, (נִצַּלְנוּ) ‘We have been saved.’” meaning: “Something was done to us.” Whereas, every letter נו"ן which sometimes appears in a word and is sometimes omitted such as the נו"ן of: נוֹגֵף, נוֹשֵֹא, נוֹתֵן, נוֹשֵׁךְ when it speaks in terms meaning: “And you shall do something” is vocalized with a shva, e.g. “(וּנְשָׂאתֶם) You shall carry your father,” [or:] “(וּנְתַתֶּם) And you shall give them the land of Gilead,” [or:] “(וּנְמַלְתֶּם) And you shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin.” I, therefore, say that this [letter נו"ן] that is vocalized with a chirik is part of the root and has the same root as נִצּוּל which is one of the “strong” conjugations such as דִּבּוּר, כִּפּוּר, לִמּוּד . When [these words] express the term “And you shall do something will be vocalized with a chirik, as in: “(וְדִבַּרְתֶּם) You shall speak to the stone,” [or:] “(וְכִּפַּרְתֶּם) And you will atone for the house,” [or:] “(וְלִמַּדְתֶּם) You shall teach it to your sons.”

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

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