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Shemot 3

3:1

וּמֹשֶׁה הָיָה רֹעֶה אֶת־צֹאן יִתְרוֹ חֹתְנוֹ כֹּהֵן מִדְיָן וַיִּנְהַג אֶת־הַצֹּאן אַחַר הַמִּדְבָּר וַיָּבֹא אֶל־הַר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵֽבָה׃

Moshe tended the sheep of his father-in-law Yisro, priest of Midian. He led the sheep to the edge of the wilderness and he came to the mountain of God, in the area of Choreiv.

Moshe tended the sheep of his father-in-law Yisro, priest of Midian. He led the sheep to the edge of the wilderness and he came to the mountain of God, in the area of Choreiv.

Rashi

אחר המדבר. להתרחק מן הגזל, שלא ירעו בשדות אחרים:

To the edge of the wilderness. In order to distance himself from theft whereby [the sheep] will not graze in others’ fields.

אל הר האלהים. על שם העתיד:

To the mountain of God. So called because of what was destined to occur there.

3:2

וַיֵּרָא מַלְאַךְ יְהֹוָה אֵלָיו בְּלַבַּת־אֵשׁ מִתּוֹךְ הַסְּנֶה וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה הַסְּנֶה בֹּעֵר בָּאֵשׁ וְהַסְּנֶה אֵינֶנּוּ אֻכָּֽל׃

An angel of Adonoy appeared to him [Moshe] in the heart of a fire in the midst of a thorn-bush. He looked and behold the bush was on fire, but the bush was not being consumed.

An angel of Adonoy appeared to him [Moshe] in the heart of a fire in the midst of a thorn-bush. He looked and behold the bush was on fire, but the bush was not being consumed.

Rashi

בלבת אש. בשלהבת אש לבו של אש, כמו לב השמים, בְּלֵב הָאֵלָה, (שמואל־ב יח, יד) ואל תתמה על התי"ו, שיש לנו כיוצא בו, מָה אֲמֻלָה לִבָּתֵךְ (יחזקאל טז, ל):

In the heart of a fire. [בְּלַבַּת אֵשׁ means:] in the flame of the fire, [i.e.] the “heart” of the fire, as in: “in the heart (the middle) of the heavens” or: “in the heart (the middle) of the oak tree.” Do not wonder as to the (extra) letter ת' because we find similar examples: “How strong is (לִבָּתֵךְ) [the wickedness of] your heart!”

מתוך הסנה. ולא אילן אחר, משום עִמֹּו אָנֹכִי בְצָרָה:

From the midst of the thorn-bush. And not another tree because [of the idea expressed in]: “I (God) am with him (Israel) in his trouble.”

אכל. נאכל, כמו לא עבד בה, אשר לקח משם:

Consumed. [Meaning:] consumed as in: “That has not been (עֻבַּד) worked” “that was (לֻקַּח) taken from there.”

3:3

וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אָסֻֽרָה־נָּא וְאֶרְאֶה אֶת־הַמַּרְאֶה הַגָּדֹל הַזֶּה מַדּוּעַ לֹא־יִבְעַר הַסְּנֶֽה׃

Moshe said, “I must turn aside and see [investigate] this great sight. Why doesn’t the bush burn?”

Moshe said, “I must turn aside and see [investigate] this great sight. Why doesn’t the bush burn?”

Rashi

אסורה נא. אסורה מכאן להתקרב שם:

I must turn aside. [Meaning:] “I will turn away from here so that I may approach there.”

3:4

וַיַּרְא יְהֹוָה כִּי סָר לִרְאוֹת וַיִּקְרָא אֵלָיו אֱלֹהִים מִתּוֹךְ הַסְּנֶה וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה מֹשֶׁה וַיֹּאמֶר הִנֵּֽנִי׃

When Adonoy saw that [Moshe] turned aside to see, Elohim called to him from the midst of the thorn-bush, and said, “Moshe, Moshe.’” He [Moshe] said, “Here I am.”

When Adonoy saw that [Moshe] turned aside to see, Elohim called to him from the midst of the thorn-bush, and said, “Moshe, Moshe.’” He [Moshe] said, “Here I am.”

3:5

וַיֹּאמֶר אַל־תִּקְרַב הֲלֹם שַׁל־נְעָלֶיךָ מֵעַל רַגְלֶיךָ כִּי הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עוֹמֵד עָלָיו אַדְמַת־קֹדֶשׁ הֽוּא׃

He [God] said, “Do not come any closer. Take your shoes off your feet, because the place upon which you are standing is holy ground.”

He [God] said, “Do not come any closer. Take your shoes off your feet, because the place upon which you are standing is holy ground.”

Rashi

של. שְׁלוֹף והוצא, כמו וְנָשַל הַבַּרְזָל (דברים יט, ה), כי ישל זיתך:

Take off. [Meaning:] “Pull off and remove” as in: “And the iron (וְנָשַׁל) slipped off” [or:] “Your olives (יִשַּׁל) shall fall off.”

אדמת קודש הוא. המקום:

Is holy ground. [The word הוּא refers to] (הַמָּקוֹם) the place.

3:6

וַיֹּאמֶר אָנֹכִי אֱלֹהֵי אָבִיךָ אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם אֱלֹהֵי יִצְחָק וֵאלֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב וַיַּסְתֵּר מֹשֶׁה פָּנָיו כִּי יָרֵא מֵהַבִּיט אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃

He [God] then said, “I am the God of your father, the God of Avraham, the God of Yitzchok, and the God of Yaakov.” Moshe hid his face, for he was afraid to look at Elohim.

He [God] then said, “I am the God of your father, the God of Avraham, the God of Yitzchok, and the God of Yaakov.” Moshe hid his face, for he was afraid to look at Elohim.

3:7

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה רָאֹה רָאִיתִי אֶת־עֳנִי עַמִּי אֲשֶׁר בְּמִצְרָיִם וְאֶת־צַעֲקָתָם שָׁמַעְתִּי מִפְּנֵי נֹֽגְשָׂיו כִּי יָדַעְתִּי אֶת־מַכְאֹבָֽיו׃

Adonoy said, “I have indeed seen the suffering of My people that are in Egypt. I have heard how they cry out because [of the harshness] of their slave-masters, and I am aware of their pain.

Adonoy said, “I have indeed seen the suffering of My people that are in Egypt. I have heard how they cry out because [of the harshness] of their slave-masters, and I am aware of their pain.

Rashi

כי ידעתי את מכאוביו. כמו וַיֵדַּע אֱלֹהִים, כלומר כי שמתי לב להתבונן ולדעת את מכאוביו, ולא העלמתי עיני ולא אאטום את אזני מצעקתם:

I am aware of their pain. Should be understood in the same sense as וַיֵּדַע אֱלֹהִים, meaning: “That I have focused My attention to take note and to know their pain, and have not ignored [them] nor will I block My ears from their cry.”

3:8

וָאֵרֵד לְהַצִּילוֹ ׀ מִיַּד מִצְרַיִם וּֽלְהַעֲלֹתוֹ מִן־הָאָרֶץ הַהִוא אֶל־אֶרֶץ טוֹבָה וּרְחָבָה אֶל־אֶרֶץ זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָשׁ אֶל־מְקוֹם הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי וְהַחִתִּי וְהָֽאֱמֹרִי וְהַפְּרִזִּי וְהַחִוִּי וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃

I have descended to free them from the hand of Egypt, and to bring them up from that land to a good, spacious land, to a land flowing with milk and honey; to the territory of the Canaanites, the Chittites, the Emorites, the Perizites, the Chivites and the Yevusites.

I have descended to free them from the hand of Egypt, and to bring them up from that land to a good, spacious land, to a land flowing with milk and honey; to the territory of the Canaanites, the Chittites, the Emorites, the Perizites, the Chivites and the Yevusites.

3:9

וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה צַעֲקַת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּאָה אֵלָי וְגַם־רָאִיתִי אֶת־הַלַּחַץ אֲשֶׁר מִצְרַיִם לֹחֲצִים אֹתָֽם׃

Now, behold, the cry of the B’nei Yisrael has come to Me. I have also seen the oppression with which the Egyptians oppress them.

Now, behold, the cry of the B’nei Yisrael has come to Me. I have also seen the oppression with which the Egyptians oppress them.

3:10

וְעַתָּה לְכָה וְאֶֽשְׁלָחֲךָ אֶל־פַּרְעֹה וְהוֹצֵא אֶת־עַמִּי בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃

Now go. I am sending you to Pharaoh, and you will bring My people, the B’nei Yisrael, out of Egypt.”

Now go. I am sending you to Pharaoh, and you will bring My people, the B’nei Yisrael, out of Egypt.”

Rashi

ועתה לכה ואשלחך אל פרעה. ואם תאמר מה תועיל, והוצא את עמי, יועילו דבריך ותוציאם משם:

Now go, I am sending you to Pharaoh. “Should you say, ‘What good will it do?’ [My response to you is:] ‘You will bring My nation out.’” [Meaning:] “Your words will be effective and you will bring them out of there.”

3:11

וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים מִי אָנֹכִי כִּי אֵלֵךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹה וְכִי אוֹצִיא אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃

Moshe said to Elohim, “Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh? Am I able to bring the B’nei Yisrael out of Egypt?”

Moshe said to Elohim, “Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh? Am I able to bring the B’nei Yisrael out of Egypt?”

Rashi

מי אנכי. מה אני חשוב לדבר עם המלכים:

Who am I. “What is my importance that I might speak with kings?”

וכי אוציא את בני ישראל. ואף אם חשוב אני, מה זכו ישראל שֶׁתַּעֲשֶׂה להם נס ואוציאם ממצרים:

Am I able to bring the Bnei Yisrael out. “And even if I am important what did the Israelites do to merit that a miracle be performed for them that [will enable me] to bring them out of Egypt?” Because I will be with you. And the fact that you will succeed in my mission —

3:12

וַיֹּאמֶר כִּֽי־אֶֽהְיֶה עִמָּךְ וְזֶה־לְּךָ הָאוֹת כִּי אָנֹכִי שְׁלַחְתִּיךָ בְּהוֹצִֽיאֲךָ אֶת־הָעָם מִמִּצְרַיִם תַּֽעַבְדוּן אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים עַל הָהָר הַזֶּֽה׃

He [God] said, “Because I will be with you. This will be the proof that I have sent you—when you bring the people out of Egypt—you will serve Elohim on this mountain.”

He [God] said, “Because I will be with you. This will be the proof that I have sent you—when you bring the people out of Egypt—you will serve Elohim on this mountain.”

Rashi

ויאמר כי אהיה עמך. השיבו על ראשון ראשון ועל אחרון אחרון, שאמרת מי אנכי כי אלך אל פרעה, לא שלך היא, כי אם משלי, כי אהיה עמך, וזה המראה אשר ראית בסנה, לך האות כי אנכי שלחתיך, ותצליח בשליחותי וכדאי אני להציל, כאשר ראית הסנה עושה שליחותי ואיננו אֻכָּל, כך תלך בשליחותי ואינך ניזוק, וששאלת מה זכות יש לישראל שיצאו ממצרים, דבר גדול יש לי על הוצאה זו, שהרי עתידים לקבל התורה על ההר הזה לסוף שלשה חדשים שיצאו מצרים. דבר אחר כי אהיה עמך, וזה שתצליח בשליחותך, לך האות על הבטחה אחרת שאני מבטיחך, שכשתוציאם ממצרים תעבדון אותי על ההר הזה, שתקבלו התורה עליו, והיא הזכות העומדת לישראל. ודוגמת לשון זה מצינו, וְזֶה לְּךָ הָאֹות אָכֹול הַשָּׁנָה סָפִיחַ וגו' (ישעי' לז, ל), מפלת סנחריב תהיה לך לאות על הבטחה אחרת, שארצכם חריבה מפירות ואני אברך הספיחים:

He [God] said, “Because I will be with you. He (God) responded to his first question first and to his last question last: “Concerning that which you said, Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh? [My response is:] It is not your [mission] but, rather, Mine, for I will be with you, and the vision that you saw in the thornbush is a sign to you that it is I who sent you and that you will succeed in My mission and I am capable of saving, as you yourself saw the thornbush carrying out My mission without being consumed. You, too, shall go on My mission and you will not be harmed. As to that which you asked: what merit do the Israelites have that they should go out of Egypt? I have a great purpose in bringing them out: for they are destined to receive the Torah on this mountain three months after they go out of Egypt. An alternate explanation: will be the proof — of another promise; for I promise you that when you will bring them out of Egypt they will serve Me on this mountain by receiving the Torah upon it. This is the merit which stands by Israel. We find a similar sentence structure “And this will be a sign to you — that this year you will eat that which grew of itself, etc.” [i.e.] the fall of Sancheriv [mentioned earlier] will serve you as a sign for [the fulfillment] of another promise: “for [although] your land is [now] barren of fruit I will abundantly bless that which grows of itself.”

3:13

וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֶל־הָֽאֱלֹהִים הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי בָא אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתִּי לָהֶם אֱלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵיכֶם שְׁלָחַנִי אֲלֵיכֶם וְאָֽמְרוּ־לִי מַה־שְּׁמוֹ מָה אֹמַר אֲלֵהֶֽם׃

Moshe said to Elohim, “Behold, when I come to the B’nei Yisrael and say to them, ‘The God of your fathers sent me to you,’ they will say to me, ‘What is His name?’ What shall I say to them?”

Moshe said to Elohim, “Behold, when I come to the B’nei Yisrael and say to them, ‘The God of your fathers sent me to you,’ they will say to me, ‘What is His name?’ What shall I say to them?”

3:14

וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים אֶל־מֹשֶׁה אֶֽהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶֽהְיֶה וַיֹּאמֶר כֹּה תֹאמַר לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶֽהְיֶה שְׁלָחַנִי אֲלֵיכֶֽם׃

Elohim said to Moshe, “Eh’yeh Asher Eh’yeh;” and He said, “This is what you must say to the B’nei Yisrael, ‘Eh’yeh sent me to you.’”

Elohim said to Moshe, “Eh’yeh Asher Eh’yeh;” and He said, “This is what you must say to the B’nei Yisrael, ‘Eh’yeh sent me to you.’”

Rashi

אהיה אשר אהיה. אהיה עמם בצרה זאת, אשר אהיה עמם בשעבוד שאר מלכיות, אמר לפניו רבש"ע מה אני מזכיר להם צרה אחרת, דיים בצרה זו, אמר לו יפה אמרת, כה תאמר וגו'. (ברכות ט: — שמו"ר ג, ז) (לא שהשכיל חלילה משה ביותר, אלא שלא הבין דברי השי"ת, כי לא מחשבתו מחשבת השי"ת, שמאז כך היתה דעתו באומרו יתברך אהיה אשר אהיה, למשה לבדו הגיד, ולא שיגיד לישראל, וזהו יפה אמרת, שגם דעתי מתחלה כך היתה, שלא תגיד לבני ישראל כדברים האלה, אלא כה תאמר לבני ישראל אהיה פעם אחת. וכן משמע במסכת ברכות ודו"ק):

Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh. I will be that what I will be. [Meaning:] “‘I, Who shall Be’ with them in this suffering [am the One] ‘Who will be’ with them when they will be subjugated by the other kingdoms.” [Whereupon] he (Moshe) said to Him, “Master of the Universe, why should I mention other suffering, it is sufficient [that they know of] their present suffering.” He (God) said to him, “You have spoken well, ‘This is what you must say, etc.’”

3:15

וַיֹּאמֶר עוֹד אֱלֹהִים אֶל־מֹשֶׁה כֹּֽה־תֹאמַר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי אֲבֹתֵיכֶם אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם אֱלֹהֵי יִצְחָק וֵאלֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב שְׁלָחַנִי אֲלֵיכֶם זֶה־שְּׁמִי לְעֹלָם וְזֶה זִכְרִי לְדֹר דֹּֽר׃

Elohim continued talking to Moshe, “This is what you must say to the B’nei Yisrael, ‘Adonoy, the God of your fathers, the God of Avraham, the God of Yitzchok, and the God of Yaakov, sent me to you. This is My eternal Name, and this is how I am to be mentioned for all generations.’”

Elohim continued talking to Moshe, “This is what you must say to the B’nei Yisrael, ‘Adonoy, the God of your fathers, the God of Avraham, the God of Yitzchok, and the God of Yaakov, sent me to you. This is My eternal Name, and this is how I am to be mentioned for all generations.’”

Rashi

זה שמי לעלם. חסר וי"ו לומר, העלימהו, שלא יקרא ככתבו (שמו"ר ג, ט):

This is my eternal Name. [לְעֹלָם] is missing the letter vav [after the ayin], [in effect] saying, “Conceal it.” so that it (My Name) not be read as written.

וזה זכרי. למדו היאך נקרא, וכן דוד הוא אומר, ה' שמך לעולם ה' זכרך לדור ודור:

And this is how I am to be mentioned. He (God) taught him how [the Name] is to be read. Similarly, David says: “Your Name is forever, The mention of Your Name is for all generations.”

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

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