Tanach
Shemot 30:17-21 שמות ל׳:י״ז-כ״א
Part of: Ki TisaKi Tisa, Aliyah 1Chapter 30
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃
Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying:
Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying:
וְעָשִׂיתָ כִּיּוֹר נְחֹשֶׁת וְכַנּוֹ נְחֹשֶׁת לְרׇחְצָה וְנָתַתָּ אֹתוֹ בֵּֽין־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וּבֵין הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְנָתַתָּ שָׁמָּה מָֽיִם׃
“Make a copper wash basin and its copper base for washing; and place it between the Tent of Meeting and the Altar, and put water in it.
“Make a copper wash basin and its copper base for washing; and place it between the Tent of Meeting and the Altar, and put water in it.
Rashi
וכנו. כתרגומו בְּסִיסֵיהּ, מושב מתוקן לכיור:
And its base. As Onkelos translates it: “and its base,” a stand set up [to hold] the wash basin.
לרחצה. מוסב על הכיור:
For washing. This refers back to the wash basin.
ובין המזבח. מזבח העולה, שכתוב בו שהוא לפני פתח משכן אהל מועד, והיה הכיור מָשׁוּךְ קמעא, ועומד כנגד אויר שבין המזבח והמשכן ואינו מפסיק כלל בנתיים, משום שנאמר וְאֵת מִזְבַּח הָעֹלָה שָׂם פֶּתַח מִשְׁכַּן אֹהֶל מֹועֵד (שמות מ, כט), כלומר מזבח לפני אהל מועד, ואין כיור לפני אהל מועד, הא כיצד, משוך קמעא כלפי הדרום, כך שנויה בזבחים (נט.):
And the altar — the altar of the burnt-offering, about which it is written that it is “in front of the entrance way of the mishkon of the Tent of Meeting.” The wash basin was slightly pulled to the side and stood in the space between the altar and the mishkon and did not obstruct at all between them, for it is stated: “And the altar of the burnt-offering he placed at the entrance of the mishkon of the Tent of Meeting,” [indicating that] the altar was in front of the Tent of Meeting but the wash basin was not in front of the Tent of Meeting. Then where was it? It was slightly pulled back southward. So it is taught in Tractate Zevachim.
וְרָחֲצוּ אַהֲרֹן וּבָנָיו מִמֶּנּוּ אֶת־יְדֵיהֶם וְאֶת־רַגְלֵיהֶֽם׃
Aharon and his sons will wash from it their hands and their feet.
Aharon and his sons will wash from it their hands and their feet.
Rashi
את ידיהם ואת רגליהם. בבת אחת היה מקדש ידיו ורגליו, וכך שנינו בזבחים (יט:), כיצד קדוש ידים ורגלים, מניח ידו הימנית על גבי רגלו הימנית, וידו השמאלית על גבי רגלו השמאלית, ומקדשן:
Their hands and their feet. He (the kohein) simultaneously washed his hands and feet. Thus did we learn in Tractate Zevachim: How was the washing of the hands and feet done? He placed his right hand on his right foot, and his left hand on his left foot and washed [them].
בְּבֹאָם אֶל־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד יִרְחֲצוּ־מַיִם וְלֹא יָמֻתוּ אוֹ בְגִשְׁתָּם אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ לְשָׁרֵת לְהַקְטִיר אִשֶּׁה לַֽיהֹוָֽה׃
Before entering the Tent of Meeting they must wash with water and they will not die, or whenever they approach the Altar for Divine service, or to burn a fire-offering to Adonoy.
Before entering the Tent of Meeting they must wash with water and they will not die, or whenever they approach the Altar for Divine service, or to burn a fire-offering to Adonoy.
Rashi
בבואם אל אהל מועד. להקטיר שחרית ובין הערבים קטרת, או להזות מדם פר כהן המשיח ושעירי עבודת אלילים:
Before entering the Tent of Meeting — to burn the incense, morning and afternoon, or to sprinkle from the blood of the bull brought by the anointed kohein [godol] and of the goats brought for the sin of idolatry.
ולא ימותו. הא אם לא ירחצו ימותו, שבתורה נאמרו כללות, ומכלל לאו אתה שומע הן:
And they will not die. But, if they do not wash, they will die, for in the Torah there were said things intended to be understood by inference. Hence from the inference of the negative you may derive the positive.
אל המזבח. החיצון, שאין כאן ביאת אהל מועד אלא בחצר:
The altar. [I.e.,] the outer [altar] for in this case there is no entering into the Tent of Meeting, but only into the courtyard.
וְרָחֲצוּ יְדֵיהֶם וְרַגְלֵיהֶם וְלֹא יָמֻתוּ וְהָיְתָה לָהֶם חׇק־עוֹלָם לוֹ וּלְזַרְעוֹ לְדֹרֹתָֽם׃ {פ}
They must wash their hands and their feet and they will not die. This is a perpetual statute for them, for him [Aharon] and his descendants for all their generations.”
They must wash their hands and their feet and they will not die. This is a perpetual statute for them, for him [Aharon] and his descendants for all their generations.”
Rashi
ולא ימותו. לחייב מיתה על המשמש במזבח ואינו רחוץ ידים ורגלים, שממיתה הראשונה לא שמענו אלא על הנכנס להיכל:
And they will not die. This intends to make liable to the death penalty someone who performs a korbon service on the [outer] altar without having washed his hands and feet; for from the earlier mention of the death penalty we can derive only that it applies to someone who enters the Sanctuary.
כיור. כמין דּוּד גדולה, ולה דדים המריקים בפיהם מים:
A wash basin — like a large pot which had spigots which poured out water through their openings.