Tanach
Shemot 31:1-11 שמות ל״א:א׳-י״א
Part of: Ki TisaKi Tisa, Aliyah 1Chapter 31
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃
Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying,
Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying,
רְאֵה קָרָאתִֽי בְשֵׁם בְּצַלְאֵל בֶּן־אוּרִי בֶן־חוּר לְמַטֵּה יְהוּדָֽה׃
“I have called by name [designated] Betzalel, son of Uri son of Chur, of the tribe of Yehudah.
“I have called by name [designated] Betzalel, son of Uri son of Chur, of the tribe of Yehudah.
Rashi
וָאֲמַלֵּא אֹתוֹ רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים בְּחׇכְמָה וּבִתְבוּנָה וּבְדַעַת וּבְכׇל־מְלָאכָֽה׃
I have filled him with Divine spirit, with wisdom, with understanding, with knowledge, and with [the skill to perform] all types of crafting,
I have filled him with Divine spirit, with wisdom, with understanding, with knowledge, and with [the skill to perform] all types of crafting,
Rashi
בחכמה. מה שאדם שומע דברים מאחרים ולמד:
With wisdom. [“Wisdom” refers to] that which a person hears from others, and learns.
ובתבונה. מבין דבר מלבו מתוך דברים שלמד:
With understanding. [תְּבוּנָה is what] he understands on his own from things that he has learned [from others].
ובדעת. רוח הקדש:
With knowledge. [דַּעַת refers to] Divine Inspiration.
לַחְשֹׁב מַחֲשָׁבֹת לַעֲשׂוֹת בַּזָּהָב וּבַכֶּסֶף וּבַנְּחֹֽשֶׁת׃
to devise plans to work in gold, in silver, and in copper,
to devise plans to work in gold, in silver, and in copper,
Rashi
לחשוב מחשבות. אריגת מעשה חשב:
To devise plans — [refers to] the weaving of a master craftsman.
וּבַחֲרֹשֶׁת אֶבֶן לְמַלֹּאת וּבַחֲרֹשֶׁת עֵץ לַעֲשׂוֹת בְּכׇל־מְלָאכָֽה׃
to cut stones for setting, to carve wood, and to work in all types of crafting.
to cut stones for setting, to carve wood, and to work in all types of crafting.
Rashi
ובחרשת. לשון אומנות, כמו חָרָשׁ חָכָם (ישעיה מ, כ). ואונקלוס פירש, ושנה בפירושן, שאומן אבנים קרוי אומן, וחרש עץ קרוי נגר:
וּבַחֲרשֶׁת . Meaning: a craft as in: חָרָשׁ חָכָם — “a wise craftsman.” However, Onkelos explains it more specifically and varies their explanation [in each instance], for a stone craftsman is called אוּמָן and a wood craftsman is called נַגָּר .
למלאת. להושיבה במשבצות שלה במלואה, לעשות המשבצת למדת מושב האבן ועוביה:
For setting (lit. to fill). [I.e] to place it into its setting in its entirety [i.e.] to make the setting [corresponding] to the measurement of the bottom of the stone and its thickness.
וַאֲנִי הִנֵּה נָתַתִּי אִתּוֹ אֵת אׇהֳלִיאָב בֶּן־אֲחִֽיסָמָךְ לְמַטֵּה־דָן וּבְלֵב כׇּל־חֲכַם־לֵב נָתַתִּי חׇכְמָה וְעָשׂוּ אֵת כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתִֽךָ׃
And behold, I have appointed [to serve] with him, Oholiav, son of Achisamach of the tribe of Don. In the heart of every wise-hearted person I have placed wisdom, so they can make all that I have commanded:
And behold, I have appointed [to serve] with him, Oholiav, son of Achisamach of the tribe of Don. In the heart of every wise-hearted person I have placed wisdom, so they can make all that I have commanded:
Rashi
ובלב כל חכם לב וגו'. ועוד שאר חכמי לב שבכם, וכל אשר נתתי בו חכמה, ועשו את כל אשר צויתיך:
In the heart of every wise-hearted person, etc. [Meaning:] and the other wise-hearted among you, and anyone to whom I have given wisdom, all these shall do all that I have commanded you.
אֵת ׀ אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וְאֶת־הָֽאָרֹן לָֽעֵדֻת וְאֶת־הַכַּפֹּרֶת אֲשֶׁר עָלָיו וְאֵת כׇּל־כְּלֵי הָאֹֽהֶל׃
the Tent of Meeting, the Ark for the Testimony, the [Ark] Cover that is to be placed on it, and all the vessels [furniture] of the Tent:
the Tent of Meeting, the Ark for the Testimony, the [Ark] Cover that is to be placed on it, and all the vessels [furniture] of the Tent:
Rashi
ואת הארון לעדות. לצורך לוחות העדות:
The ark for the Testimony. [I.e.] for the purpose of the Tablets of Testimony.
וְאֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָן וְאֶת־כֵּלָיו וְאֶת־הַמְּנֹרָה הַטְּהֹרָה וְאֶת־כׇּל־כֵּלֶיהָ וְאֵת מִזְבַּח הַקְּטֹֽרֶת׃
the Table and its vessels, The pure [gold] Menorah, and all its vessels, and the Incense Altar,
the Table and its vessels, The pure [gold] Menorah, and all its vessels, and the Incense Altar,
Rashi
הטהורה. על שם זהב טהור:
The pure [Menorah]. So called on account of [its] pure gold.
וְאֶת־מִזְבַּח הָעֹלָה וְאֶת־כׇּל־כֵּלָיו וְאֶת־הַכִּיּוֹר וְאֶת־כַּנּֽוֹ׃
the Burnt—offering Altar, and all its vessels, the Wash Basin and its base.
the Burnt—offering Altar, and all its vessels, the Wash Basin and its base.
וְאֵת בִּגְדֵי הַשְּׂרָד וְאֶת־בִּגְדֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ לְאַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן וְאֶת־בִּגְדֵי בָנָיו לְכַהֵֽן׃
[They shall also make] garments [coverings] of crochet-work, as well as the sacred garments for Aharon, the kohein, and the garments for his sons to serve [as kohanim,]
[They shall also make] garments [coverings] of crochet-work, as well as the sacred garments for Aharon, the kohein, and the garments for his sons to serve [as kohanim,]
Rashi
ואת בגדי השרד. אומר אני לפי פשוטו של מקרא, שאי אפשר לומר שבבגדי כהונה מדבר, לפי שנאמר אצלם ואת בגדי הקדש לאהרן הכהן ואת בגדי בניו לכהן, אלא אלו בגדי השרד הם, בגדי התכלת והארגמן ותולעת שני האמורים בפרשת מסעות, וְנָתְנוּ עָלָיו בֶּגֶד תְּכֵלֶת (במדבר ד, יב), וְנָתְנוּ עָלָיו בֶּגֶד אַרְגָּמָן (שם יג), וְנָתְנוּ עֲלֵיהֶם בֶּגֶד תֹּולַעַת שָׁנִי (שם ח), ונראין דברי, שנאמר וּמִן הַתְּכֵלֶת וְהָאַרְגָּמָן וְתֹולַעַת הַשָּׁנִי עָשׂוּ בִגְדֵי שְׂרָד לְשָׁרֵת בַּקֹּדֶשׁ (שמות לט, א), ולא הוזכר שש עמהם, ואם בבגדי כהונה מדבר, לא מצינו באחד מהם ארגמן או תולעת שני בלא שש:
Garments of crochet-work. It is my opinion [that] according to the plain meaning of the verse it is impossible to say that it speaks here of the priestly garments for [immediately thereafter] it states: “and the sacred garments of Aharon the kohein and the garments of his sons to serve.” But, [you must say] that these בִּגְדֵי הַשְּׂרָד are the “garments” [made of] the greenish-blue wool, and the dark red wool, and the crimson wool which are mentioned in the section of the travels: “They shall spread over it a ‘garment’ of greenish-blue wool” “and spread over it a ‘garment’ of dark red wool,” “they shall place over them a garment of crimson.” It seems that my opinion is correct, for it is said: “And from the greenish-blue wool, the dark red wool, and the crimson wool they made בִּגְדֵי שְׂרָד to serve in the Sanctuary,” and linen is not mentioned among them. Now, if [it were speaking] of the priestly garments — we do not find in a single one of them [mention of] dark red wool or crimson wool without linen [as well].
בגדי השרד. יש מפרשים לשון עבודה ושירות, כתרגומו לְבוּשֵׁי שִׁמּוּשָׁא, ואין לו דמיון במקרא, ואני אומר שהוא לשון ארמי, כתרגום של קלעים ותרגום של מכבר, שהיו ארוגים במחט, עשויים נקבים נקבים, לצי"דין בלע"ז (שלינגווערק):
Garments of crochet-work. Some explain it as garments of work and service as Onkelos translates it: “garments of service.” Nothing like שְׂרָד appears in Scripture. It is my opinion that it is from Aramaic similar to the Targum of the word קְלָעִים and the Targum of מִכְבָּר, both of which were woven by needle (crocheted) forming intermittent holes lacediz (net-work) in Old French.
וְאֵת שֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה וְאֶת־קְטֹרֶת הַסַּמִּים לַקֹּדֶשׁ כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר־צִוִּיתִךָ יַעֲשֽׂוּ׃ {פ}
[Also] the anointing oil, and the incense of spices for the Holy [Sanctuary,] according to all that I have commanded you,” they shall make.
[Also] the anointing oil, and the incense of spices for the Holy [Sanctuary,] according to all that I have commanded you,” they shall make.
Rashi
ואת קטורת הסמים לקדש. לצורך הקטרת ההיכל שהוא קדש:
And the incense of spices for the Holy. For the purpose of bringing up smoke in the הֵיכָל which is [the] קֹדֶשׁ [referred to here].
קראתי בשם. לעשות מלאכתי, את בצלאל:
I have called by name — to do My work — Betzalel.