Tanach
Shemot 32 שמות ל״ב
Part of: Ki TisaKi Tisa, Aliyah 2Petuchah, Exodus 32:7Petuchah, Exodus 32:15Setumah, Exodus 31:18
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיַּרְא הָעָם כִּֽי־בֹשֵׁשׁ מֹשֶׁה לָרֶדֶת מִן־הָהָר וַיִּקָּהֵל הָעָם עַֽל־אַהֲרֹן וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֵלָיו קוּם ׀ עֲשֵׂה־לָנוּ אֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר יֵֽלְכוּ לְפָנֵינוּ כִּי־זֶה ׀ מֹשֶׁה הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר הֶֽעֱלָנוּ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם לֹא יָדַעְנוּ מֶה־הָיָה לֽוֹ׃
[When] the people saw that Moshe was late in coming down from the mountain, they gathered against Aharon, and said to him, “Arise, make us gods that will lead us, for this Moshe, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt, we do not know what happened to him.”
[When] the people saw that Moshe was late in coming down from the mountain, they gathered against Aharon, and said to him, “Arise, make us gods that will lead us, for this Moshe, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt, we do not know what happened to him.”
Rashi
אשר ילכו לפנינו. אלהות הרבה איוו להם:
That will lead us. They yearned to have many gods.
כי זה משה האיש. כמין דמות משה הראה להם השטן, שנושאים אותו באויר רקיע השמים:
For this Moshe, the man. The Satan showed them a likeness of Moshe being carried in the air high in the sky.
אשר העלנו מארץ מצרים. והיה מורה לנו דרך אשר נעלה בה, עתה צריכין אנו לאלהות אשר ילכו לפנינו:
Who brought us up from the land of Egypt — and taught us the way to go; now we need gods who will go before us.
וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם אַהֲרֹן פָּֽרְקוּ נִזְמֵי הַזָּהָב אֲשֶׁר בְּאׇזְנֵי נְשֵׁיכֶם בְּנֵיכֶם וּבְנֹתֵיכֶם וְהָבִיאוּ אֵלָֽי׃
Aharon said to them, “Remove the golden rings which are on the ears of your wives, your sons, and your daughters and bring them to me.”
Aharon said to them, “Remove the golden rings which are on the ears of your wives, your sons, and your daughters and bring them to me.”
Rashi
באזני נשיכם. אמר אהרן בלבו, הנשים והילדים חסים בתכשיטיהן, שמא יתעכב הדבר, ובתוך כך יבא משה, והם לא המתינו ופרקו מעל עצמן:
On the ears of your wives. Aharon thought to himself: the women and children fancy their jewelry, perhaps, [as a result], the thing will be delayed and in the meantime Moshe will arrive. But they did not wait [for the women and children] and took off [their own jewelry] from themselves.
פרקו. לשון צווי, מגזרת פרק ליחיד, כמו ברכו מגזרת ברך:
Remove. פָּרְקוּ is a plural imperative (a command) derived from פָּרֵק in the singular as in בָּרְכוּ derived from בָּרֵךְ .
וַיִּתְפָּֽרְקוּ כׇּל־הָעָם אֶת־נִזְמֵי הַזָּהָב אֲשֶׁר בְּאׇזְנֵיהֶם וַיָּבִיאוּ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹֽן׃
All the people removed the golden rings which were on their ears, and brought them to Aharon.
All the people removed the golden rings which were on their ears, and brought them to Aharon.
Rashi
ויתפרקו. לשון פריקת משא, כשנטלום מאזניהם נמצאו הם מפורקים מנזמיהם, דישקריי"ר בלע"ז (ענטלאזטעט):
They removed. [וַיִתְפָּרְקוּ] has the meaning of unloading a burden, for when they removed them from their ears they became “unloaded” of their rings, descharjier in Old French.
את נזמי. כמו מנזמי, כמו כְּצֵאתִי אֶת הָעִיר (שמות ט, כט), מן העיר:
אֶת נִזְמֵי . As if it were: מִנִּזְמֵי — “of the rings,” as in: “As soon as I go out (אֶת הָעִיר)” [meaning:] (from) of the city.
וַיִּקַּח מִיָּדָם וַיָּצַר אֹתוֹ בַּחֶרֶט וַֽיַּעֲשֵׂהוּ עֵגֶל מַסֵּכָה וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֵלֶּה אֱלֹהֶיךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר הֶעֱלוּךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
He took them from their hands, and formed it with [a goldsmith’s] engraving tool, and made it into a molten calf. They [then] said, “These, Yisrael, are your gods who brought you up from the land of Egypt.
He took them from their hands, and formed it with [a goldsmith’s] engraving tool, and made it into a molten calf. They [then] said, “These, Yisrael, are your gods who brought you up from the land of Egypt.
Rashi
ויצר אותו בחרט. יש לתרגמו בשני פנים, האחד ויצר לשון קשירה, בחרט לשון סודר, כמו וְהַמִּטְפָּחֹות וְהָחֲרִיטִים (ישעיה ג, כב), וַיָּצַר כִּכְּרַיִם כֶּסֶף בִּשְׁנֵי חֲרִיטִים (מלכים־ב ה, כג). והב' ויצר לשון צורה, בחרט כלי אומנות הצורפין שחורצין וחורטין בו צורות בזהב, כעט סופר החורט אותיות בלוחות ופנקסין, כמו וּכְתֹב עָלָיו בְּחֶרֶט אֱנֹושׁ (ישעיה ח, א), וזהו שתרגם אונקלוס וְצַר יָתֵיהּ בְּזִיפָא, לשון זיוף הוא, כלי אומנות שחורצין בו בזהב אותיות ושקדים שקורין בלע"ז ניי"ל (גראבשטיכל), ומזייפין על ידו חותמות:
And formed it with an engraving tool. This can be translated two ways: The first: וַיָּצַר as a term for tying and בַּחֶרֶט as a term for a cloth, as in: “the shawls (וְהַחֲרִיטִים) and the cloths,” [or:] “He tied two kikar of silver in two (חֲרִיטִים) cloths.” The second: וַיָּצַר as a term for forming images; בַּחֶרֶט, a tool used by goldsmiths with which they scrape and engrave images into gold, like the stylus of a scribe who engraves letters onto tablets and ledgers, as in: “And write on it with a man’s (בַּחֶרֶט) stylus.” This was Onkelos’ intent when he translated it: “He engraved it with a זִיפָא, from the word זִיּוּף — “forgery.” It is a tool for engraving letters and designs in gold, referred to in Old French as neel, and through it seals can be forged.
עגל מסכה. כיון שהשליכו לָאוּר בַּכּוּר, באו מכשפי ערב רב שעלו עמהם ממצרים ועשאוהו בכשפים, ויש אומרים מיכה היה שם, שיצא מתוך דמוסי בנין שנתמעך בו במצרים (סנהדרין קא:), והיה בידו שם וטס, שכתב בו משה עלה שור עלה שור להעלות ארונו של יוסף מתוך נילוס, והשליכו לתוך הַכּוּר, ויצא העגל:
A molten calf. As soon as he threw it into the fire, in a melting pot, the magicians of the riffraff came — those who went up with them from Egypt — and made it (the Calf) by means of magic. Some say that Michah was there for he had come out of the foundations of a building into which he had been crushed in Egypt. He had in his hand an amulet and a plate onto which Moshe had written: “Arise ox! Arise ox!,” with which to bring up Yoseif’s bier from the Nile, and he (Michah) threw it into the melting pot and out came the Calf.
מסכה. לשון מתכת. דבר אחר, קכ"ה קנטרין זהב היו בו, כגימטריא של מסכה:
Molten. [מַסֵּכָה is] a word that relates to metal. An alternate explanation [of מַסֵּכָה]: There were 125 kikars of gold in it (the Calf), equal to the gematria (the numerical value) of מַסֵּכָה .
אלה אלהיך. ולא נאמר אלה אלהינו, מכאן שערב רב שעלו ממצרים הם שנקהלו על אהרן והם שעשאוהו, ואחר כך הטעו את ישראל אחריו:
These are your Gods. It does not say: These are our gods. From this [we derive] that the riffraff that came up from Egypt were the ones that gathered against Aharon and were the ones that made it (the Calf), and afterwards misled the Israelites to follow it.
וַיַּרְא אַהֲרֹן וַיִּבֶן מִזְבֵּחַ לְפָנָיו וַיִּקְרָא אַֽהֲרֹן וַיֹּאמַר חַג לַיהֹוָה מָחָֽר׃
[When] Aharon saw [this], he built an altar before it. Aharon then called out and said: “Tomorrow will be a festival to Adonoy.”
[When] Aharon saw [this], he built an altar before it. Aharon then called out and said: “Tomorrow will be a festival to Adonoy.”
Rashi
וירא אהרן. שהיה בו רוח חיים, שנאמר בְּתַבְנִית שֹׁור אֹכֵל עֵשֶׂב (תהלים קו, כ), וראה שהצליח מעשה שטן, ולא היה לו פה לדחותם לגמרי:
Aharon saw — that it was alive as it is said [of the Golden Calf]: “in the form of an ox eating grass,” and he thereby saw that the Satan’s act succeeded and therefore had no excuse to put them off completely.
ויבן מזבח. לדחותם:
He built an altar — so as to stall them.
ויאמר חג לה' מחר. ולא היום, שמא יבא משה קודם שיעבדוהו, זהו פשוטו. ומדרשו בויקרא רבה (י, ג), דברים הרבה ראה אהרן, ראה חור בן אחותו שהיה מוכיחם והרגוהו, וזהו ויבן (לשון בינה)מזבח לפניו, ויבן מזבוח לפניו, ועוד ראה ואמר מוטב שיתלה בי הסרחון ולא בהם, ועוד ראה ואמר, אם הם בונים את המזבח, זה מביא צרור וזה מביא אבן ונמצאת מלאכתן עשויה בבת אחת, מתוך שאני בונה אותו ומתעצל במלאכתי, בין כך ובין כך משה בא:
And he said, tomorrow will be a festival to Adonoy. But [he did not say] “today,” in case Moshe would return before they worship it. That is its plain meaning. But its midrashic explanation is in Vayikra Rabbah: [וַיַּרְא אַהֲרֹן] Aharon saw many things: he saw that when his nephew, Chur, reprimanded them, they killed him [and accordingly] וַיִּבֶן מִזְבֵּחַ לְפָנָיו [should be understood as:] וַיָּבֶן מִזָּבוּחַ לְפָנָיו — “He understood from the one slaughtered before him.” He also saw [the situation] and he said: Better the blame be put on me and not on them. He saw yet another thing and he said: “If they build the altar, themselves, one will bring a chip of wood and another will bring a stone, resulting in their work being completed all at once. But through my building it and procrastinating in my work, in the meantime Moshe will come.”
חג לה'. בלבו היה לשמים, בטוח היה שיבא משה ויעבדו את המקום:
A festival to Adonoy. In his heart it was to God. He was confident that Moshe would arrive and that they would worship God.
וַיַּשְׁכִּימוּ מִֽמׇּחֳרָת וַיַּעֲלוּ עֹלֹת וַיַּגִּשׁוּ שְׁלָמִים וַיֵּשֶׁב הָעָם לֶֽאֱכֹל וְשָׁתוֹ וַיָּקֻמוּ לְצַחֵֽק׃ {פ}
They arose early the next morning, and offered burnt-offerings and brought peace-offerings. The people then sat down to eat and drink, and got up to amuse themselves.
They arose early the next morning, and offered burnt-offerings and brought peace-offerings. The people then sat down to eat and drink, and got up to amuse themselves.
Rashi
וישכימו. השטן זרזם כדי שיחטאו:
They arose early. The Satan hurried them for the purpose of sinning.
לצחק. יש במשמע הזה גלוי עריות, כמו שנאמר לְצַחֶק בִּי (בראשית לט, יז), ושפיכות דמים, כמו שנאמר יָקוּמוּ נָא הַנְּעָרִים וִישַׂחֲקוּ לְפָנֵינוּ (שמואל־ב ב, יד), אף כאן נהרג חור:
To amuse themselves. There is the implication [in לְצַחֵק] of sexual immorality, as it is said: “to mock me” (Potiphar’s wife’s accusation against Yosef) and of bloodshed, as it is said: “Let the lads arise and ‘play’ before us.” Here, too, [לְצַחֵק alludes to] Chur’s being killed.
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֶךְ־רֵד כִּי שִׁחֵת עַמְּךָ אֲשֶׁר הֶעֱלֵיתָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
Adonoy spoke to Moshe, “Go down, for your people have become corrupt—those whom you brought up out of the land of Egypt.
Adonoy spoke to Moshe, “Go down, for your people have become corrupt—those whom you brought up out of the land of Egypt.
Rashi
וידבר. לשון קושי הוא, כמו וַיְדַבֵּר אִתָּם קָשֹׁות (בראשית מב, ז):
[Adonoy] spoke. [וַיְדַבֵּר] is a term of harshness as in: “(וַיְדַבֵּר) He spoke with them harshly.”
לך רד. רד מגדולתך, לא נתתי לך גדולה אלא בשבילם (ברכות לב.), באותה שעה נתנדה משה מפי בית דין של מעלה:
“Go down.” I.e., “Descend from your exalted position. I did not give you your high position except for their sake.” At that moment Moshe was ostracized by the Heavenly Court.
שחת עמך. שחת העם לא נאמר, אלא עמך, ערב רב שקבלת מעצמך וגיירתם, ולא נמלכת בי, ואמרת טוב שידבקו גרים בשכינה, הם שחתו והשחיתו:
Your people have become corrupt. It is not said: “the people have become corrupt,” but, rather: “your people” — the riffraff whom you accepted, on your own accord, and you accepted as proselytes without consulting Me, and you thought it good that proselytes be joined to the Shechinah — they have become corrupt and have corrupted others.
סָרוּ מַהֵר מִן־הַדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתִם עָשׂוּ לָהֶם עֵגֶל מַסֵּכָה וַיִּשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ־לוֹ וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־לוֹ וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֵלֶּה אֱלֹהֶיךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר הֶֽעֱלוּךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
They have departed quickly from the way that I commanded them, they have made for themselves a molten calf. They have prostrated themselves to it and offered sacrifices to it, and have said, ‘These, Yisrael, are your gods who brought you up out of the land of Egypt.’”
They have departed quickly from the way that I commanded them, they have made for themselves a molten calf. They have prostrated themselves to it and offered sacrifices to it, and have said, ‘These, Yisrael, are your gods who brought you up out of the land of Egypt.’”
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה רָאִיתִי אֶת־הָעָם הַזֶּה וְהִנֵּה עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹרֶף הֽוּא׃
Adonoy said to Moshe, “I have seen [observed] this people, and behold they are a stiff-necked people.
Adonoy said to Moshe, “I have seen [observed] this people, and behold they are a stiff-necked people.
Rashi
קשה עורף. מחזירין קשי ערפם לנגד מוכיחיהם וממאנים לשמוע:
Stiff-necked. So-called because they turn their stiff necks towards those who reprimand them and refuse to listen.
וְעַתָּה הַנִּיחָה לִּי וְיִֽחַר־אַפִּי בָהֶם וַאֲכַלֵּם וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂה אוֹתְךָ לְגוֹי גָּדֽוֹל׃
Now leave Me alone and My wrath will blaze against them and destroy them. I will then make you into a great nation.”
Now leave Me alone and My wrath will blaze against them and destroy them. I will then make you into a great nation.”
Rashi
הניחה לי. עדיין לא שמענו שהתפלל משה עליהם והוא אומר הניחה לי, אלא כאן פתח לו פתח והודיעו שהדבר תלוי בו, שאם יתפלל עליהם לא יכלם (שמו"ר מב, י):
Leave Me alone. We have not yet heard of Moshe praying for them and already He has said, “Leave me alone”?! But He thereby gave him an opening and let him know that the matter depends on him, that if he will pray for them He will not destroy them.
וַיְחַל מֹשֶׁה אֶת־פְּנֵי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהָיו וַיֹּאמֶר לָמָה יְהֹוָה יֶחֱרֶה אַפְּךָ בְּעַמֶּךָ אֲשֶׁר הוֹצֵאתָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם בְּכֹחַ גָּדוֹל וּבְיָד חֲזָקָֽה׃
Moshe implored before the Presence of Adonoy, his God, and he said, “Adonoy! Why should Your wrath blaze against Your people whom You brought out from the land of Egypt with great power and with a mighty hand?
Moshe implored before the Presence of Adonoy, his God, and he said, “Adonoy! Why should Your wrath blaze against Your people whom You brought out from the land of Egypt with great power and with a mighty hand?
Rashi
למה ה' יחרה אפך. כלום מתקנא אלא חכם בחכם, גבור בגבור:
“Adonoy! Why,” etc. Can there be a thought of jealousy, unless it is a wise man of a wise man or a powerful man of a powerful man.
לָמָּה יֹאמְרוּ מִצְרַיִם לֵאמֹר בְּרָעָה הֽוֹצִיאָם לַהֲרֹג אֹתָם בֶּֽהָרִים וּלְכַלֹּתָם מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָֽאֲדָמָה שׁוּב מֵחֲרוֹן אַפֶּךָ וְהִנָּחֵם עַל־הָרָעָה לְעַמֶּֽךָ׃
Why should Egypt be able to say, ‘He brought them out with evil intent, to kill them in the mountains, and to annihilate them from the face of the earth?’ Turn from [withdraw] Your blazing wrath, and reconsider the [intent of doing] evil to Your people.
Why should Egypt be able to say, ‘He brought them out with evil intent, to kill them in the mountains, and to annihilate them from the face of the earth?’ Turn from [withdraw] Your blazing wrath, and reconsider the [intent of doing] evil to Your people.
Rashi
והנחם. התעשת מחשבה אחרת להיטיב להם:
And reconsider. I.e., formulate another plan to do good to them.
על הרעה. אשר חשבת להם:
The evil — that You had planned for them.
זְכֹר לְאַבְרָהָם לְיִצְחָק וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵל עֲבָדֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְתָּ לָהֶם בָּךְ וַתְּדַבֵּר אֲלֵהֶם אַרְבֶּה אֶֽת־זַרְעֲכֶם כְּכוֹכְבֵי הַשָּׁמָיִם וְכׇל־הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת אֲשֶׁר אָמַרְתִּי אֶתֵּן לְזַרְעֲכֶם וְנָחֲלוּ לְעֹלָֽם׃
Remember Avraham, Yitzchok and Yisrael, Your servants, to whom You swore by Your Self, and said to them, ‘I will make your descendants as numerous as the stars of the heaven; and all this land of which I have spoken, I will give to your descendants, and they will inherit it forever.’”
Remember Avraham, Yitzchok and Yisrael, Your servants, to whom You swore by Your Self, and said to them, ‘I will make your descendants as numerous as the stars of the heaven; and all this land of which I have spoken, I will give to your descendants, and they will inherit it forever.’”
Rashi
זכור לאברהם. אם עברו על עשרת הדברות, אברהם אביהם נתנסה בעשר נסיונות ועדיין לא קבל שכרו, תנהו לו ויצאו עשר בעשר:
Remember Avraham. If they transgressed the Ten Commandments, their father Avraham was tested through ten tests, and has not yet received his reward, give it to him [now] and let the “ten” offset the “ten.”
לאברהם ליצחק ולישראל. אם לשרפה הם, זכור לאברהם שמסר עצמו להשרף עליך באור כשדים, אם להריגה, זכור ליצחק שפשט צוארו לעקידה, אם לגלות, זכור ליעקב שגלה לחרן (שמו"ר מד, ה), ואם אינן נצולין בזכותן, מה אתה אומר לי ואעשה אותך לגוי גדול, ואם כסא של שלש רגלים אינו עומד לפניך בשעת כעסך, קל וחמר לכסא של רגל אחד (ברכות לב.):
Avraham, Yitzchok and Yisrael. If [their punishment is to be] by burning then remember Avraham who offered himself to be burnt for Your sake in Ur Kasdim. If [it is to be] by the sword, then remember Yitzchok who stretched forth his neck at the “binding.” If [it is to be] through exile, then remember Yaakov who went into exile to Charan. And if they cannot be saved by their [forefathers’] merit, then what is this that You tell me: “I will make you into a great nation”? If a chair with three legs cannot stand before You at the time of Your anger [then this is] certainly [true] of a chair with one leg.
אשר נשבעת להם בך. לא נשבעת להם בדבר שהוא כלה, לא בשמים ולא בארץ, לא בהרים ולא בגבעות, אלא בך, שאתה קיים ושבועתך קיימת לעולם, שנאמר בִּי נִשׁבַּעְתִּי נְאֻם ה' (בראשית כב, טז), וליצחק נאמר, וַהֲקִימֹותִי אֶת הַשְׁבֻעָה אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי לְאַבְרָהָם אָבִיךָ (שם כו, ג), וליעקב נאמר אֲנִי אֵל שַׁדַּי פְּרֵה וּרְבֵה (שם לה, יא), נשבע לו באל שדי:
To whom You swore by Your self. You did not swear to them by something that is finite — neither by the heavens, nor by the earth, neither by the mountains, nor the hills, but only by Your Self. Who is eternal, and Your oath remains forever, as it is said: “‘By My Self I have sworn,’ says God.” To Yitzchok it was said: “I will establish the [same] oath that I swore to Avraham, your father.” And to Yaakov it was said: “I am God Almighty, be fruitful and multiply.” Thus He swore to him by “God Almighty.”
וַיִּנָּחֶם יְהֹוָה עַל־הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר לַעֲשׂוֹת לְעַמּֽוֹ׃ {פ}
Adonoy reconsidered the [intent of doing] evil that He had said He would do to His people.
Adonoy reconsidered the [intent of doing] evil that He had said He would do to His people.
וַיִּפֶן וַיֵּרֶד מֹשֶׁה מִן־הָהָר וּשְׁנֵי לֻחֹת הָעֵדֻת בְּיָדוֹ לֻחֹת כְּתֻבִים מִשְּׁנֵי עֶבְרֵיהֶם מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה הֵם כְּתֻבִֽים׃
Moshe turned and went down from the mountain with the two Tablets of the Testimony in his hand. They were tablets written on both sides, the writing was [visible] from either side.
Moshe turned and went down from the mountain with the two Tablets of the Testimony in his hand. They were tablets written on both sides, the writing was [visible] from either side.
Rashi
משני עבריהם. היו האותיות נקראות, ומעשה נסים היה (שבת קד.):
On both sides — were the letters readable, and it was a work of miracles.
וְהַלֻּחֹת מַעֲשֵׂה אֱלֹהִים הֵמָּה וְהַמִּכְתָּב מִכְתַּב אֱלֹהִים הוּא חָרוּת עַל־הַלֻּחֹֽת׃
The Tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, engraved upon the Tablets.
The Tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, engraved upon the Tablets.
Rashi
מעשה אלהים המה. כמשמעו, הוא בכבודו עשאן. דבר אחר, כאדם האומר לחברו כל עסקיו של פלוני במלאכה פלונית, כך כל שעשועיו של הקב"ה בתורה:
They were the work of God. As it implies: He (God) Himself in His Glory made them. An alternate explanation: It is analogous to a person who tells his friend, “All the occupation of so-and-so is with that particular work.” So too is all the preoccupation of God with the Torah.
חרות. לשון חרת וחרט אחד הוא, שניהם לשון חיקוק, אנטליי"ר בלע"ז (איינשניידען):
Engraved. The words חָרֹת and חָרֹט are the same, both being terms for engraving, enteillier in Old French.
וַיִּשְׁמַע יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אֶת־קוֹל הָעָם בְּרֵעֹה וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־מֹשֶׁה קוֹל מִלְחָמָה בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃
Yehoshua heard the voice of the people rejoicing, and he said to Moshe, “There is a sound of battle in the camp.”
Yehoshua heard the voice of the people rejoicing, and he said to Moshe, “There is a sound of battle in the camp.”
Rashi
ברעה. בהריעו, שהיו מריעים ושמחים וצוחקים:
Rejoicing. [Meaning:] trumpeting — for they were blowing horns, rejoicing and laughing.
וַיֹּאמֶר אֵין קוֹל עֲנוֹת גְּבוּרָה וְאֵין קוֹל עֲנוֹת חֲלוּשָׁה קוֹל עַנּוֹת אָנֹכִי שֹׁמֵֽעַ׃
But he [Moshe] said, “It is not the sound of strength [song of victory], nor is it the sound of weakness [song of defeat]. It is a sound of song that I hear.”
But he [Moshe] said, “It is not the sound of strength [song of victory], nor is it the sound of weakness [song of defeat]. It is a sound of song that I hear.”
Rashi
אין קול ענות גבורה. אין קול הזה נראה קול עניית גבורים הצועקים נצחון, ולא קול חלשים שצועקים וי, או ניסה:
It is not the sound of strength. This sound seems neither the shout of the mighty, who cry out, “Victory”! nor the sound of the weak who cry out, “Woe”! or, “Let us flee”! [but, rather —]
קול ענות. קול חרופין וגדופין, המענין את נפש שומען כשנאמרין לו:
A sound of song. I.e., a sound of defamations and blasphemies (הַמְּעַנִּין) which torment the soul of those who hear them when they are related to him.
וַֽיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר קָרַב אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה וַיַּרְא אֶת־הָעֵגֶל וּמְחֹלֹת וַיִּֽחַר־אַף מֹשֶׁה וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ מִיָּדָו אֶת־הַלֻּחֹת וַיְשַׁבֵּר אֹתָם תַּחַת הָהָֽר׃
As he [Moshe] approached the camp, he saw the calf and the dancing. Moshe’s anger blazed, and he threw down the Tablets that were in his hands and smashed them beneath the mountain.
As he [Moshe] approached the camp, he saw the calf and the dancing. Moshe’s anger blazed, and he threw down the Tablets that were in his hands and smashed them beneath the mountain.
Rashi
וישלך מידו וגו'. אמר, מה פסח שהוא אחד מן המצות, אמרה תורה כל בן נכר לא יאכל בו, התורה כולה כאן, וכל ישראל מומרים ואתננה להם:
And he threw down from his hands, etc. He thought to himself: Just as the korbon Pesach, which is just one of the mitzvos [of the Torah], yet the Torah says: “No stranger may eat from it”; but the entire Torah is here [on the Tablets] and all the Israelites have become apostates, how can I conceivably give it to them?!
תחת ההר. לרגלי ההר:
Beneath the mountain. [I.e.,] at the foot of the mountain.
וַיִּקַּח אֶת־הָעֵגֶל אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ וַיִּשְׂרֹף בָּאֵשׁ וַיִּטְחַן עַד אֲשֶׁר־דָּק וַיִּזֶר עַל־פְּנֵי הַמַּיִם וַיַּשְׁקְ אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
He took the calf that they had made, and burned it in fire, and ground it into fine powder. He then scattered it on the water, and made the B’nei Yisrael drink it.
He took the calf that they had made, and burned it in fire, and ground it into fine powder. He then scattered it on the water, and made the B’nei Yisrael drink it.
Rashi
ויזר. לשון נפוץ, וכן יזורה על נוהו גפרית (איוב יח, טו), וכן כִּי חִנָּם מְזֹרָה הָרָשֶׁת (משלי א, יז), שזורין בה דגן וקטניות:
He scattered it. A term meaning scattering. Similarly “(יְזוֹרֶה) there shall be scattered on his dwelling place, brimstone.” And similarly: “For naught (מְזוֹרָה) is the net spread out” [so called] because grain and beans are scattered in it.
וישק את בני ישראל. נתכוין לבדקם כסוטות, שלש מיתות נדונו שם, אם יש עדים והתראה, בסייף, כמשפט אנשי עיר הנדחת שהן מרובין, עדים בלא התראה, במגפה, שנאמר וַיִּגֹף ה' אֶת הָעָם, לא עדים ולא התראה, בהדרוקן (יומא סו:), שבדקום המים וצבו בטניהם:
And made the B’nei Yisrael drink it. He intended to test them [in the same manner] as are women suspected of adultery. Three different death penalties were inflicted there: [1.] if there were witnesses and a warning [to the sinner] — by the sword, the same as an idolatrous city, when there are many involved. [2.] If there were witnesses but no warning — by the plague, as it is said: “God struck the people with a plague.” [3.] If there were no witnesses and no warning — by swelling up, for the water tested them and their stomachs swelled up.
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן מֶֽה־עָשָׂה לְךָ הָעָם הַזֶּה כִּֽי־הֵבֵאתָ עָלָיו חֲטָאָה גְדֹלָֽה׃
Moshe then said to Aharon, “What did this people do to you that you brought upon them such a great sin?”
Moshe then said to Aharon, “What did this people do to you that you brought upon them such a great sin?”
Rashi
מה עשה לך העם. כמה יסורים סבלת שיסרוך עד שלא תביא עליהם חטא זה:
What did this people do to you. How much pain did you endure that they tortured you before you brought this sin on them?
וַיֹּאמֶר אַהֲרֹן אַל־יִחַר אַף אֲדֹנִי אַתָּה יָדַעְתָּ אֶת־הָעָם כִּי בְרָע הֽוּא׃
Aharon said, “Let not the wrath of my master blaze. You know that the people are set on evil.
Aharon said, “Let not the wrath of my master blaze. You know that the people are set on evil.
Rashi
כי ברע הוא. בדרך רע הם הולכין תמיד, ובנסיונות לפני המקום:
That [the people] are set on evil. They are always going on an evil way with temptations before God.
וַיֹּאמְרוּ לִי עֲשֵׂה־לָנוּ אֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר יֵלְכוּ לְפָנֵינוּ כִּי־זֶה ׀ מֹשֶׁה הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר הֶֽעֱלָנוּ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם לֹא יָדַעְנוּ מֶה־הָיָה לֽוֹ׃
They said to me, ‘Make gods for us that will lead us for this Moshe, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt, we do not know what happened to him.’
They said to me, ‘Make gods for us that will lead us for this Moshe, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt, we do not know what happened to him.’
וָאֹמַר לָהֶם לְמִי זָהָב הִתְפָּרָקוּ וַיִּתְּנוּ־לִי וָאַשְׁלִכֵהוּ בָאֵשׁ וַיֵּצֵא הָעֵגֶל הַזֶּֽה׃
I said to them, ‘Who has gold?’ They removed [their gold] and gave it to me. I threw it into the fire, and this calf emerged.”
I said to them, ‘Who has gold?’ They removed [their gold] and gave it to me. I threw it into the fire, and this calf emerged.”
Rashi
ואמר להם. דבר אחד, למי זהב לבד, והם מהרו והתפרקו ויתנו לי:
I said to them. I said one thing to them — only: “Who has gold”? and they hurriedly removed it and gave it to me.
ואשלכהו באש. ולא ידעתי שיצא העגל הזה, ויצא:
I threw it into the fire — and I did not know that this calf would come out and it did come out.
וַיַּרְא מֹשֶׁה אֶת־הָעָם כִּי פָרֻעַ הוּא כִּֽי־פְרָעֹה אַהֲרֹן לְשִׁמְצָה בְּקָמֵיהֶֽם׃
Moshe saw [the bad traits of] the people for they were [now] exposed; for Aharon had allowed them to be exposed, and now they would be disgraced among their adversaries.
Moshe saw [the bad traits of] the people for they were [now] exposed; for Aharon had allowed them to be exposed, and now they would be disgraced among their adversaries.
Rashi
פרוע. מגולה, נתגלה שמצו וקלונו, כמו וּפָרַע אֶת רֹאשׁ הָאִשָּׁה (במדבר ה, יח):
Exposed. [Meaning:] exposed — its shame and disgrace were exposed, as in: “(וּפָרַע) He shall expose the head of the woman.”
לשמצה בקמיהם. להיות להם הדבר הזה לגנות בפי כל הקמים עליהם:
Disgraced among their adversaries. [Meaning:] that this matter shall be a disgrace for them before all who rise up against them.
וַיַּעֲמֹד מֹשֶׁה בְּשַׁעַר הַֽמַּחֲנֶה וַיֹּאמֶר מִי לַיהֹוָה אֵלָי וַיֵּאָסְפוּ אֵלָיו כׇּל־בְּנֵי לֵוִֽי׃
Moshe stood at the entrance of the camp and said, “Whoever is for Adonoy, [come] to me.” All the sons of Leivi gathered to him.
Moshe stood at the entrance of the camp and said, “Whoever is for Adonoy, [come] to me.” All the sons of Leivi gathered to him.
Rashi
מי לה' אלי. יבא אלי:
“Whoever is for Adonoy, to me”! I.e., “Come to me.”
בני לוי. מכאן שכל השבט כשר (יומא שם):
All the sons of Leivi. From here it is derived that the entire Tribe was righteous.
וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם כֹּֽה־אָמַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל שִׂימוּ אִישׁ־חַרְבּוֹ עַל־יְרֵכוֹ עִבְרוּ וָשׁוּבוּ מִשַּׁעַר לָשַׁעַר בַּֽמַּחֲנֶה וְהִרְגוּ אִֽישׁ־אֶת־אָחִיו וְאִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ וְאִישׁ אֶת־קְרֹבֽוֹ׃
He said to them, “This is what Adonoy, God of Yisrael has said, ‘Let each man put his sword on his hip and pass through from gate to gate in the camp. Let each man kill [even] his brother, each man his friend, each man his relative.
He said to them, “This is what Adonoy, God of Yisrael has said, ‘Let each man put his sword on his hip and pass through from gate to gate in the camp. Let each man kill [even] his brother, each man his friend, each man his relative.
Rashi
כה אמר וגו'. והיכן אמר, זֹבֵח לָאֱלֹהִים יָחֳרָם (שמות כב, יט), כך שנויה במכילתא (פסחא פי"ב):
This is what Adonoy said, etc. Where [did God tell him] this? “He who sacrifices to a god must be condemned to die.” This is how this is presented in Mechilta.
אחיו. מאמו, והוא ישראל:
His brother — having a common mother, and he (the brother) is an Israelite.
וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ בְנֵֽי־לֵוִי כִּדְבַר מֹשֶׁה וַיִּפֹּל מִן־הָעָם בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא כִּשְׁלֹשֶׁת אַלְפֵי אִֽישׁ׃
The sons of Leivi did as Moshe said. On that day those that fell from among the people, numbered approximately three thousand men.
The sons of Leivi did as Moshe said. On that day those that fell from among the people, numbered approximately three thousand men.
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה מִלְאוּ יֶדְכֶם הַיּוֹם לַֽיהֹוָה כִּי אִישׁ בִּבְנוֹ וּבְאָחִיו וְלָתֵת עֲלֵיכֶם הַיּוֹם בְּרָכָֽה׃
Moshe said, “Consecrate yourselves today to Adonoy—for each man killed [even] his son and brothers—that He may bestow a blessing upon you today.”
Moshe said, “Consecrate yourselves today to Adonoy—for each man killed [even] his son and brothers—that He may bestow a blessing upon you today.”
Rashi
מלאו ידכם. אתם ההורגים אותם, בדבר זה תתחנכו להיות כהנים למקום:
Consecrate yourselves — you who kill them, by this act you will install yourselves as kohanim to God.
כי איש. מכם ימלא ידו בבנו ובאחיו:
For each man — Amongst you will be installed [as a result of what each did] to his son and brother.
וַֽיְהִי מִֽמׇּחֳרָת וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֶל־הָעָם אַתֶּם חֲטָאתֶם חֲטָאָה גְדֹלָה וְעַתָּה אֶֽעֱלֶה אֶל־יְהֹוָה אוּלַי אֲכַפְּרָה בְּעַד חַטַּאתְכֶֽם׃
The next day Moshe said to the people, “You have committed a great sin. Now I will go up to Adonoy, perhaps I will gain atonement for your sin.”
The next day Moshe said to the people, “You have committed a great sin. Now I will go up to Adonoy, perhaps I will gain atonement for your sin.”
Rashi
אכפרה בעד חטאתכם. אשים כופר וקנוח וסתימה לנגד חטאתכם, להבדיל ביניכם ובין החטא:
I will gain atonement for your sin. [I.e.] “I shall put a cleansing, wiping away and a covering in front of your sins, to separate between you and the sin.
וַיָּשׇׁב מֹשֶׁה אֶל־יְהֹוָה וַיֹּאמַר אָנָּא חָטָא הָעָם הַזֶּה חֲטָאָה גְדֹלָה וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ לָהֶם אֱלֹהֵי זָהָֽב׃
Moshe returned to Adonoy and said, “I beseech You! This people have committed a great sin and have made a god of gold.
Moshe returned to Adonoy and said, “I beseech You! This people have committed a great sin and have made a god of gold.
Rashi
אלהי זהב. אתה הוא שגרמת להם, שהשפעת להם זהב וכל חפצם, מה יעשו שלא יחטאו (יומא פו: — ברכות לב.). משל למלך, שהיה מאכיל ומשקה את בנו ומקשטו, ותולה לו כיס בצוארו ומעמידו בפתח בית זונות, מה יעשה הבן שלא יחטא (ברכות שם):
A god of gold. “You (God) are the One who caused this to happen to them for You gave them an abundance of gold and anything they desired. How could they not sin”? A parable comparable to a king, who fed and gave drink to his son and adorned him and hung a bag [full of money] from his neck and made him stand in the doorway of a house of ill-repute; how could the son possibly not sin?
וְעַתָּה אִם־תִּשָּׂא חַטָּאתָם וְאִם־אַיִן מְחֵנִי נָא מִֽסִּפְרְךָ אֲשֶׁר כָּתָֽבְתָּ׃
Now if You would bear [forgive] their sin, and if not, blot me out from Your book that You have written.”
Now if You would bear [forgive] their sin, and if not, blot me out from Your book that You have written.”
Rashi
ועתה אם תשא חטאתם. הרי טוב, איני אומר לך מחני: ואם אין מחני. וזה מקרא קצר, וכן הרבה:
Now, if You would bear their sin — then well and good — I will not say to You, “Erase me,” but if not, erase me [from Your Book.] This is an elliptical verse and there are many such cases.
מספרך. מכל התורה כולה, שלא יאמרו עלי שלא הייתי כדאי לבקש עליהם רחמים:
From Your Book. [I.e.] from the entire Torah, so that it should not be said of me that I was not worthy enough to ask for mercy on their behalf.
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה מִי אֲשֶׁר חָֽטָא־לִי אֶמְחֶנּוּ מִסִּפְרִֽי׃
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Those who have sinned against Me, I will blot out from My book.
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Those who have sinned against Me, I will blot out from My book.
וְעַתָּה לֵךְ ׀ נְחֵה אֶת־הָעָם אֶל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּרְתִּי לָךְ הִנֵּה מַלְאָכִי יֵלֵךְ לְפָנֶיךָ וּבְיוֹם פׇּקְדִי וּפָקַדְתִּי עֲלֵהֶם חַטָּאתָֽם׃
And now, go, lead the people to [the place] of which I have spoken to you. Behold, My angel will go before you. However on the day when I take account of them, I will take their sin into account.
And now, go, lead the people to [the place] of which I have spoken to you. Behold, My angel will go before you. However on the day when I take account of them, I will take their sin into account.
Rashi
אל אשר דברתי לך. יש כאן לך אצל דבור במקום אליך, וכן לדבר לו על אדוניהו (מלכים־א ב, יט):
To [the place] of which I have spoken to you. Here is an instance where לָךְ is used connected with the verb דִבּוּר in the place of אֵלֶיךָ . A similar instance: “to speak to him concerning Adoniyohu.”
הנה מלאכי. ולא אני:
Behold, My Angel — but not I.
וביום פקדי וגו'. עתה שמעתי אליך מלכלותם יחד, ותמיד תמיד כשאפקוד עליהם עונותיהם, ופקדתי עליהם מעט מן העון הזה עם שאר העונות, ואין פורענות באה על ישראל שאין בה קצת מפרעון עון העגל:
On the day that I take account, etc. As for now I shall listen to you [and refrain] from destroying them all at once; but always and consistently, whenever I will take an accounting of their sins, I will also account for a little of this sin along with their other sins. And, indeed, no punishment is meted out to Yisrael that does not have along with it some of the punishment for the sin of the Calf.
וַיִּגֹּף יְהֹוָה אֶת־הָעָם עַל אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ אֶת־הָעֵגֶל אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה אַהֲרֹֽן׃ {ס}
Adonoy then struck the people with a plague because they had made [worshiped] the calf that Aharon made.
Adonoy then struck the people with a plague because they had made [worshiped] the calf that Aharon made.
Rashi
ויגוף ה' את העם. מיתה בידי שמים, לעדים בלא התראה:
Adonoy struck the people with a plague. [I.e.,] death at the hands of the Heavenly King, [for those who sinned] before witnesses without having received a warning.
כי בשש משה. כתרגומו לשון איחור, וכן בּ שֵׁשׁ רִכְבֹּו (שופטים ה, כח), וַיָּחִילוּ עַד בֹּושׁ (שם ג, כה), כי כשעלה משה להר אמר להם, לסוף ארבעים יום אני בא בתוך ו' שעות, כסבורים הם שאותו יום שעלה מן המנין הוא, והוא אמר להם שלימים, ארבעים יום ולילו עמו, ויום עלייתו אין לילו עמו, שהרי בז' בסיון עלה, נמצא יום ארבעים בשבעה עשר בתמוז, בי"ו בא השטן וערבב את העולם, והראה דמות חשך ואפלה וערבוביא, לומר ודאי מת משה לכך בא ערבוביא לעולם, אמר להם מת משה שכבר באו שש שעות ולא בא וכו', כדאיתא במסכת שבת (פט.), ואי אפשר לומר שלא טעו אלא ביום המעונן, בין קודם חצות בין לאחר חצות, שהרי לא ירד משה עד יום המחרת, שנאמר וַיַּשְׁכִּימוּ מִמָּחֳרָת וַיַּעֲלוּ עֹלֹות:
That Moshe was late. As Onkelos translates it — a term for lateness. Similarly: “[Why] is the rider (בּשֵׁשׁ) late?” [or:] “They waited until (בּוֹשׁ) it was late.” For when Moshe ascended the mountain he had told them: “At the end of forty days I will return within [the first] six hours.” They thought that the day that he ascended is included [in the forty days] but, actually, he had told them “full [days]” [i.e.] forty days, each day with its preceding night. But the day that he ascended, its night was not part of it for he ascended on the seventh of Sivan. Consequently the actual 40th day was the seventeenth of Tammuz. On the sixteenth (of Tammuz) the Satan came and caused disorder in the world by creating the appearance of darkness, deep gloom and confusion [so as to lead people] to say: “Moshe has certainly died and therefore the world has been thrown into disorder.” He said to them: “Moshe has died, for six hours have already come and he still has not come, etc.” as is related in Tractate Shabbos. It is impossible to say that their mistake was due only to a cloudy day whether it was before or after noon, for Moshe did not descend until the following day, as it is said: “They arose early the next morning and offered burnt-offerings.”