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33:1

וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵךְ עֲלֵה מִזֶּה אַתָּה וְהָעָם אֲשֶׁר הֶֽעֱלִיתָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם אֶל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי לְאַבְרָהָם לְיִצְחָק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹב לֵאמֹר לְזַרְעֲךָ אֶתְּנֶֽנָּה׃

Adonoy spoke to Moshe, “Leave, go up from this [place]—you and the people you brought up from the land of Egypt—to the land of which I swore to Avraham, to Yitzchok and to Yaakov, saying, ‘To your descendants I will give it.’

Adonoy spoke to Moshe, “Leave, go up from this [place]—you and the people you brought up from the land of Egypt—to the land of which I swore to Avraham, to Yitzchok and to Yaakov, saying, ‘To your descendants I will give it.’

Rashi

לך עלה מזה. ארץ ישראל גבוה מכל הארצות, לכך נאמר עלה. דבר אחר, כלפי שאמר לו בשעת הכעס לך רד, אמר לו בשעת רצון לך עלה:

Leave, go up from this. Eretz Yisrael is the highest of all the lands. Therefore it says: “Go up.” An alternate explanation [for the expression: “Go up”]: as opposed to what He said to him in time of anger: “Go down,” He said to him in time of good-will “Go up.”

אתה והעם. כאן לא אמר ועמך:

You and the people. Here he did not say: “and your people.”

33:2

וְשָׁלַחְתִּי לְפָנֶיךָ מַלְאָךְ וְגֵֽרַשְׁתִּי אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי הָֽאֱמֹרִי וְהַֽחִתִּי וְהַפְּרִזִּי הַחִוִּי וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃

I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out the Canaanites, the Emorites, the Chitites, the Perizites, the Chivites, and the Yevusites.

I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out the Canaanites, the Emorites, the Chitites, the Perizites, the Chivites, and the Yevusites.

Rashi

וגרשתי את הכנעני וגו'. ששה אומות הן, והגרגשי עמד ופנה מפניהם מאליו:

And I will drive out the Canaanites, etc. These are [only] six nations. [This is because] the Girgashite nation got up and cleared out on their own from before them.

33:3

אֶל־אֶרֶץ זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָשׁ כִּי לֹא אֶֽעֱלֶה בְּקִרְבְּךָ כִּי עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹרֶף אַתָּה פֶּן־אֲכֶלְךָ בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃

[You will then] enter a land flowing with milk and honey. [I am sending an angel] for I will not go up among you, for you are a stiff-necked people and I may destroy you along the way.”

[You will then] enter a land flowing with milk and honey. [I am sending an angel] for I will not go up among you, for you are a stiff-necked people and I may destroy you along the way.”

Rashi

אל ארץ זבת חלב ודבש. אני אומר לך להעלותם:

To a land flowing with milk and honey — do I tell you to bring them up.

כי לא אעלה בקרבך. לכן אני אומר לך ושלחתי לפניך מלאך:

For I will not go up among you. It is for this reason that I say to you “I will send an angel before you.”

כי עם קשה עורף אתה. וכששכינתי בקרבכם ואתם ממרים בי, מרבה אני עליכם זעם:

For you are a stiff-necked people — and when My Shechinah is among you and you are rebellious against Me it causes Me to increase My anger against you.

אכלך. לשון כליון:

Destroy you. אֲכֶלְךָ comes from כִּלָיוֹן — “destruction.”

33:4

וַיִּשְׁמַע הָעָם אֶת־הַדָּבָר הָרָע הַזֶּה וַיִּתְאַבָּלוּ וְלֹא־שָׁתוּ אִישׁ עֶדְיוֹ עָלָֽיו׃

When the people heard this bad news they mourned and no man wore his ornaments [crowns].

When the people heard this bad news they mourned and no man wore his ornaments [crowns].

Rashi

הדבר הרע. שאין השכינה שורה ומהלכת עמם:

This bad news — that the Shechinah will not reside or go with them.

איש עדיו. כתרים שניתנו להם בחורב כשאמרו נעשה ונשמע (שבת פח.):

[No] man [wore] his ornament. [This refers to] the crowns given to them at Chorev when they responded, “We shall do and we shall listen.”

33:5

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה אֱמֹר אֶל־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אַתֶּם עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹרֶף רֶגַע אֶחָד אֶֽעֱלֶה בְקִרְבְּךָ וְכִלִּיתִיךָ וְעַתָּה הוֹרֵד עֶדְיְךָ מֵֽעָלֶיךָ וְאֵדְעָה מָה אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ׃

Adonoy said to Moshe, “Say to the B’nei Yisrael, ‘You are a stiff-necked people. Were I to go up among you for one moment, I would destroy you. Now remove your ornaments and I know what to do with you.’”

Adonoy said to Moshe, “Say to the B’nei Yisrael, ‘You are a stiff-necked people. Were I to go up among you for one moment, I would destroy you. Now remove your ornaments and I know what to do with you.’”

Rashi

רגע אחד אעלה בקרבך וכליתיך. אם אעלה בקרבך ואתם ממרים בי בקשיות ערפכם, אזעום עליכם רגע אחד, שהוא שיעור זעמי, שנאמר חֲבִי כִמְעַט רֶגַע עַד יַעֲבָר זָעַם (ישעיה כו, כ), ואכלה אתכם, לפיכך טוב לכם שאשלח מלאך:

Were I to go up among you for one moment. I would destroy you. “Were I to go up among you, and you would be rebellious against me — in your stubbornness, I would be angry with you for [only] one moment which is the length of time that My anger lasts, as it is said: “Hide for almost a moment, until the anger passes,” and I would destroy you. It is therefore better for you that I send an angel.

ועתה. פורענות זו תלקו מיד, שתורידו עדיכם מעליכם:

And now — this is the punishment that you will receive immediately, that you will remove your ornaments from yourselves.

ואדעה מה אעשה לך. בפקודת שאר העון, אני יודע מה שבלבי לעשות לך:

And I know what to do with you. Insofar as the accounting for the rest of the sin I know what I have in My heart to do to you.

33:6

וַיִּֽתְנַצְּלוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־עֶדְיָם מֵהַר חוֹרֵֽב׃

The B’nei Yisrael took off their ornaments that they had [worn] at Mount Chorev.

The B’nei Yisrael took off their ornaments that they had [worn] at Mount Chorev.

Rashi

את עדים מהר חורב. את הָעֲדִי שהיה בידם מהר חורב:

Their ornaments from Mount Chorev. Their ornaments which they possessed from Mount Chorev.

33:7

וּמֹשֶׁה יִקַּח אֶת־הָאֹהֶל וְנָֽטָה־לוֹ ׀ מִחוּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶה הַרְחֵק מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה וְקָרָא לוֹ אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וְהָיָה כׇּל־מְבַקֵּשׁ יְהֹוָה יֵצֵא אֶל־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד אֲשֶׁר מִחוּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃

Moshe would take the tent and set it up outside the camp, a distance from the camp, and he called it [the] Tent of Meeting. Everyone who sought Adonoy, would go out to the Tent of Meeting that was outside the camp.

Moshe would take the tent and set it up outside the camp, a distance from the camp, and he called it [the] Tent of Meeting. Everyone who sought Adonoy, would go out to the Tent of Meeting that was outside the camp.

Rashi

ומשה. מאותו עון והלאה:

And Moshe — from the time of the sin and on —

יקח את האהל. לשון הווה הוא, לוקח אהלו ונוטהו מחוץ למחנה, אמר, מנודה לרב מנודה לתלמיד:

would take the tent. [יִקַּח] is an ongoing action (present tense): he would take his tent and pitch it outside the encampment. He thought: one who is ostracized by the master ought to be ostracized by the disciple as well.

הרחק. אלפים אמה, כענין שנאמר אַךְ רָחֹוק יִהְיֶה בֵּינֵיכֶם וּבֵינָו כְּאַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה בַּמִּדָּה (יהושע ג, ד):

A distance — of two thousand amohs, similar to what is said: “Only let there be a distance between you (the B’nei Yisrael) and it (the Ark) of about two thousand amohs by measure.”

וקרא לו. והיה קורא לו אהל מועד, הוא בית ועד למבקשי תורה:

And he called it. He would refer to it as Tent of Meeting — a gathering place for those who seek knowledge of Torah.

כל מבקש ה'. מכאן למבקש פני זקן, כמקבל פני שכינה:

Everyone who sought Adonoy. From here [we derive] that one who seeks to be in the presence of an “elder” (a Torah scholar) is as if he is in the presence of the Shechinah.

יצא אל אהל מועד. כמו יוצא. דבר אחר והיה כל מבקש ה', אפילו מלאכי השרת כשהיו שואלים מקום שכינה, חבריהם אומרים להם הרי הוא באהלו של משה:

Would go out to the Tent of Meeting. [יֵצֵא here is] the same [tense] as יוֹצֵא (i.e., present tense). An alternate explanation of וְהָיָה כָּל מְבַקֵּשׁ ה' . Even the ministering angels, when they would inquire as to the place of the Shechinah their fellow-angels would say to them: “But He is there in Moshe’s tent”!

33:8

וְהָיָה כְּצֵאת מֹשֶׁה אֶל־הָאֹהֶל יָקוּמוּ כׇּל־הָעָם וְנִצְּבוּ אִישׁ פֶּתַח אׇהֳלוֹ וְהִבִּיטוּ אַחֲרֵי מֹשֶׁה עַד־בֹּאוֹ הָאֹֽהֱלָה׃

Whenever Moshe went out to the tent, all the people would rise, and each person would stand at the entrance of his tent; and they would gaze after Moshe, until he had gone into the tent.

Whenever Moshe went out to the tent, all the people would rise, and each person would stand at the entrance of his tent; and they would gaze after Moshe, until he had gone into the tent.

Rashi

והיה. לשון הווה:

Whenever. [וְהָיָה is] in the present tense.

כצאת משה מן המחנה. ללכת אל האהל:

Moshe went out — from the encampment to go to the tent —

יקומו כל העם. עומדים מפניו, ואין יושבין עד שנתכסה מהם:

all the people would rise. They would stand up before him and would not sit until he disappeared from view.

והביטו אחרי משה. לשבח, אשרי ילוד אשה שכך מובטח שהשכינה תכנס אחריו לפתח אהלו:

And they would gaze after Moshe — in an admiring way, [saying, in effect:] “Fortunate is one born of woman who is assured that the Shechinah will follow him into the entranceway of his tent.”

33:9

וְהָיָה כְּבֹא מֹשֶׁה הָאֹהֱלָה יֵרֵד עַמּוּד הֶֽעָנָן וְעָמַד פֶּתַח הָאֹהֶל וְדִבֶּר עִם־מֹשֶֽׁה׃

When Moshe had gone into the tent, the Pillar of Cloud would descend and stand at the entrance of the tent, and [Adonoy] would speak to Moshe.

When Moshe had gone into the tent, the Pillar of Cloud would descend and stand at the entrance of the tent, and [Adonoy] would speak to Moshe.

Rashi

ודבר עם משה. כמו ומִדַּבֵּר עם משה. תרגומו וּמִתְמַלֵּל עם משה, שהוא כבוד השכינה, כמו וַיִּשְׁמַע אֶת הַקֹּול מִדַּבֵּר אֵלָיו (במדבר ז, פט), ואינו קורא מְדבר אליו, כשהוא קורא מִדבר פתרונו הקול מדבר בינו לבין עצמו, וההדיוט שומע מאליו, וכשהוא קורא מְדבר, משמע שהמלך מדבר עם ההדיוט:

And would speak with Moshe — the same as וּמְדַבֵּר עִם משֶׁה (present tense). Onkelos translates it וּמִתְמַלֵּל עִם משֶׁה which is respect for the Shechinah, as in: “He heard the voice מִדַבֵּר to him” and it does not read מְדַבֵּר אֵלָיו . Because when it reads מִדַּבֵּר its interpretation is: the Voice speaking to itself which the ordinary person happens to overhear, but when it reads מְדַבֵּר it implies that the king is speaking with the ordinary person.

33:10

וְרָאָה כׇל־הָעָם אֶת־עַמּוּד הֶֽעָנָן עֹמֵד פֶּתַח הָאֹהֶל וְקָם כׇּל־הָעָם וְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲווּ אִישׁ פֶּתַח אׇהֳלֽוֹ׃

When all the people saw the Pillar of Cloud, standing at the entrance of the tent; all the people rose and prostrated themselves, each man at the entrance of his tent.

When all the people saw the Pillar of Cloud, standing at the entrance of the tent; all the people rose and prostrated themselves, each man at the entrance of his tent.

Rashi

והשתחוו. לשכינה:

Prostrated themselves — to the Shechinah.

33:11

וְדִבֶּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה פָּנִים אֶל־פָּנִים כַּאֲשֶׁר יְדַבֵּר אִישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵהוּ וְשָׁב אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה וּמְשָׁרְתוֹ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן־נוּן נַעַר לֹא יָמִישׁ מִתּוֹךְ הָאֹֽהֶל׃ {פ}

Adonoy spoke to Moshe face to face, just as a man speaks to his friend. and [Moshe then] would return to the camp, but his youthful attendant, Yehoshua, son of Nun, did not leave the tent.

Adonoy spoke to Moshe face to face, just as a man speaks to his friend. and [Moshe then] would return to the camp, but his youthful attendant, Yehoshua, son of Nun, did not leave the tent.

Rashi

ודבר ה' אל משה פנים אל פנים. וּמִתְמַלֵּל עם משה:

Adonoy spoke to Moshe face to face. The correct reading of Onkelos is וּמִתְמַלֵּל עִם משֶׁה .

ושב אל המחנה. לאחר שנדבר עמו, היה שב משה אל המחנה, ומלמד לזקנים מה שלמד, והדבר הזה נהג משה מיום הכפורים עד שהוקם המשכן ולא יותר, שהרי בשבעה עשר בתמוז נשתברו הלוחות (תענית כח:), ובי"ח שרף את העגל ודן את החוטאים, ובי"ט עלה, שנאמר וַיְהִי מִמָּחֳרָת וַיֹאמֶר משֶׁה אֶל הָעָם וגו' (שמות לב, ל), ועשה שם ארבעים יום ובקש רחמים, שנאמר וָאֶתְנַפַּל לִפְנֵי ה' וגו' (דברים ט, יח), ובראש חדש אלול נאמר לו ועלית בבקר אל הר סיני, לקבל לוחות האחרונות, ועשה שם מ' יום, שנאמר בהם וְאָנֹכִי עָמַדְתִּי בָהָר כַּיָּמִים הָרִאשֹׁונִים וגו' (שם י, ו), מה הראשונים ברצון אף האחרונים ברצון, אמור מעתה, אמצעיים היו בכעס. בי' בתשרי נתרצה הקב"ה לישראל בשמחה ובלב שלם, ואמר לו למשה סָלַחְתִּי כִּדְבָרֶיך, ומסר לו לוחות אחרונות, וירד והתחיל לצוותן על מלאכת המשכן, ועשאוהו עד אחד בניסן, ומשהוקם לא נדבר עמו עוד, אלא מאהל מועד:

He returned to the camp — after [God’s] conversing with him Moshe would return to the encampment and teach the elders what he had learned. Moshe acted in this way from Yom Kippur until the mishkon was erected but not longer. For on the 17th of Tammuz the tablets were broken and on the 18th he burned the Calf and judged the sinners and on the nineteenth he went up [the mountain], as it says: “The next day Moshe said to the people, etc.” and spent forty days there and asked for mercy [for the B’nei Yisrael], “and he would return to the encampment,” because it is in the present (ongoing) tense. The same applies to this whole section: וְרָאָה כָל הָעָם (v. 10) is וַחֲזַן — “would see,” וְנִצָבוּ (v. 8) is וִקַיְימִין — “they would rise,” וְהִבִּיטוּ (ibid.) is וּמִסְתַּכְּלִין — “they would gaze,” וְהִשְׁתַּחֲווּ (v. 10) is וְסָגְדִין — “they would bow.” But its midrashic explanation is:

ושב אל המחנה. תרגומו וְתָב לְמַשְׁרִיתָא, לפי שהוא לשון הווה, וכן כל הענין, וראה כל העם וחזן, ונצבו וקיימין. והביטו, ומסתכלין. והשתחוו, וְסָגְדִּין. ומדרשו, ודבר ה' אל משה שישוב אל המחנה, אמר לו אני בכעס ואתה בכעס, אם כן מי יקרבם:

God spoke to Moshe that he must return to the encampment; he said to him: “I am angry and you are angry; if so, who will again bring them near to me.”

33:12

וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֶל־יְהֹוָה רְאֵה אַתָּה אֹמֵר אֵלַי הַעַל אֶת־הָעָם הַזֶּה וְאַתָּה לֹא הֽוֹדַעְתַּנִי אֵת אֲשֶׁר־תִּשְׁלַח עִמִּי וְאַתָּה אָמַרְתָּ יְדַעְתִּיךָֽ בְשֵׁם וְגַם־מָצָאתָ חֵן בְּעֵינָֽי׃

Moshe said to Adonoy, “Behold, You say to me, ‘Lead this people up [to the land of Canaan],’ but You did not let me know whom You would send with me. You [also] said, ‘I know you by name and you have also found favor in My eyes.’

Moshe said to Adonoy, “Behold, You say to me, ‘Lead this people up [to the land of Canaan],’ but You did not let me know whom You would send with me. You [also] said, ‘I know you by name and you have also found favor in My eyes.’

Rashi

ראה אתה אומר אלי. ראה, תן עיניך ולבך על דבריך, אתה אומר אלי וגו' ואתה לא הודעתני וגו', ואשר אמרת לי הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי שֹׁלֵחַ מַלְאָךְ (שמות כג, כ), אין זו הודעה, שאין אני חפץ בה:

Behold You say to me. רְאֵה (lit. “see”) means: Set Your “eyes” and Your “heart” on Your words. You say to me, etc. [“lead this people up”] but You did not let me know, etc. [whom You would send with me]. And this that You said to me: “Behold, I am sending an angel” is not considered letting me know for I do not wish it [to happen].

ואתה אמרת ידעתיך בשם. הכרתיך משאר בני אדם בשם חשיבות, שהרי אמרת לי הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי בָּא אֵלֶיךָ בְּעַב הֶעָנָן וגו' וגם בְּךָ יַאֲמִינוּ לְעֹולָם (שם יט, ט):

You [also] said, “I know you by name.” [Saying to me, in effect:] “I have recognized you from among other people ‘by name’ — i.e., to recognize your importance,” for You said to me [to indicate this importance]: “Behold I come to you in the thickness of the cloud, etc. and also in you will they believe forever.”

33:13

וְעַתָּה אִם־נָא מָצָאתִי חֵן בְּעֵינֶיךָ הוֹדִעֵנִי נָא אֶת־דְּרָכֶךָ וְאֵדָעֲךָ לְמַעַן אֶמְצָא־חֵן בְּעֵינֶיךָ וּרְאֵה כִּי עַמְּךָ הַגּוֹי הַזֶּֽה׃

Now, please, if I have found favor in Your eyes, please let me know Your way, so that I will know You, that I may find favor in Your eyes; and [also] consider that this nation is [indeed] Your people.”

Now, please, if I have found favor in Your eyes, please let me know Your way, so that I will know You, that I may find favor in Your eyes; and [also] consider that this nation is [indeed] Your people.”

Rashi

ועתה. אם אמת שמצאתי חן בעיניך, הודיעני נא את דרכיך, מה שכר אתה נותן למוצאי חן בעיניך:

Now — if it is so that I have found favor in Your eyes please let me know Your ways — i.e., what reward do You give to those who find favor in Your eyes —

ואדעך למען אמצא חן בעיניך. ואדע בזו מדת תגמוליך, מה היא מציאת חן שמצאתי בעיניך, ופתרון למען אמצא חן, למען אכיר כמה שכר מציאת החן:

so that I will know You that I may find favor in Your eyes. And through this (i.e., knowing Your ways) the degree to which You give reward — what is this “finding of favor” which I have found in Your eyes. Hence the interpretation of לְמַעַן אֶמְצָא חֵן is: so that I may appreciate the extent of the reward for “finding favor.”

וראה כי עמך הגוי הזה. שלא תאמר ואעשה אותך לגוי גדול, ואת אלה תעזוב, ראה כי עמך הם מקדם, ואם בהם תמאס, איני סומך על היוצאים מחלצי שיתקיימו, ואת תשלום השכר שלי בעם הזה תודיעני. ורבותינו דרשוהו במסכת ברכות (ז.), ואני ליישב המקראות על אופניהם ועל סדרם באתי:

And consider that this nation is Your people — so that You not say: “And I will make you into a great nation,” while You abandon these [the people]; consider that they are Your people of yore, and if You become contemptuous of them I could not be certain that those who descend from me will endure. And my reward for this people, please make known to me. Our Sages, however, give midrashic interpretations of it in Tractate Berachos, but my purpose is to explain the verses in their context and order.

33:14

וַיֹּאמַר פָּנַי יֵלֵכוּ וַהֲנִחֹתִי לָֽךְ׃

He [God] said, “My Presence will go [with you] and I will accede to you[r request].”

He [God] said, “My Presence will go [with you] and I will accede to you[r request].”

Rashi

ויאמר פני ילכו. כתרגומו, לא אשלח עוד מלאך, אני בעצמי אלך, כמו וּפָנֶיךָ הֹלְכִים בַּקְרָב (שמואל־ב יז, יא):

He [God] said, “My Presence will go [with you]. It is as Onkelos translates it: [שְׁכִנְתִּי תְהַךְ — “My Shechinah will go,” meaning:] “I will no longer send an angel, I, Myself, will go,” as in: “(וּפָנֶיךָ) You, yourself, will go into battle.”

33:15

וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו אִם־אֵין פָּנֶיךָ הֹלְכִים אַֽל־תַּעֲלֵנוּ מִזֶּֽה׃

And he [Moshe] said to Him, “If Your Presence does not go [with us] do not make us leave from this [place].

And he [Moshe] said to Him, “If Your Presence does not go [with us] do not make us leave from this [place].

Rashi

ויאמר אליו. בזו אני חפץ, כי על ידי מלאך אל תעלנו מזה:

He (Moshe) said to him — “that is exactly what I wish that You not bring us up from here through an angel.”

33:16

וּבַמֶּה ׀ יִוָּדַע אֵפוֹא כִּֽי־מָצָאתִי חֵן בְּעֵינֶיךָ אֲנִי וְעַמֶּךָ הֲלוֹא בְּלֶכְתְּךָ עִמָּנוּ וְנִפְלִינוּ אֲנִי וְעַמְּךָ מִכׇּל־הָעָם אֲשֶׁר עַל־פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ {פ}

And how will it be known. that I have found favor in Your eyes—I and Your people—only if You go with us, so that we will be distinguished—I and Your people— from every [other] people on the face of the earth.”

And how will it be known. that I have found favor in Your eyes—I and Your people—only if You go with us, so that we will be distinguished—I and Your people— from every [other] people on the face of the earth.”

Rashi

ובמה יודע אפוא. יודע מציאת החן, הלא בלכתך עמנו, ועוד דבר אחר אני שואל ממך, שלא תשרה שכינתך עוד על אומות עובדי אלילים:

And how will it be known. The finding of favor will be known only by Your Self going with us. But I ask one more thing of You that You no longer allow Your Shechinah to rest on the nations of the world.

ונפלינו אני ועמך. ונהיה מובדלים בדבר הזה מכל העם, כמו וְהִפְלָה ה' בֵּין מִקְנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל וגו' (שמות ט, ד):

So that I and your people will be distinguished. I.e., through this we will be set apart from all other people, etc., as in: “God (הִפְלָה) distinguished between the cattle of Israel etc.”

33:17

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה גַּם אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתָּ אֶֽעֱשֶׂה כִּֽי־מָצָאתָ חֵן בְּעֵינַי וָאֵדָעֲךָ בְּשֵֽׁם׃

Adonoy said to Moshe, “I will also do this thing that you have spoken, for you have found favor in My eyes, and I know you by name.”

Adonoy said to Moshe, “I will also do this thing that you have spoken, for you have found favor in My eyes, and I know you by name.”

Rashi

גם את הדבר הזה. שלא תשרה שכינתי עוד על עובדי אלילים אעשה, ואין דבריו של בלעם הרשע על ידי שריית שכינה, אלא נופל וגלוי עינים, כגון וְאֵלַי דָּבָר יְגֻנָּב (איוב ד, ב), שומעין על ידי שליח:

Also this thing — that My Shechinah will no longer rest upon the nations of the world — I will do. But the [prophetical] words of Bilaam were not by means of the resting of the Shechinah [on him], but, rather, “when fallen (i.e., asleep) but with the eyes uncovered.” For example: “To me a word was stolen” — they (the prophets of the other nations) heard through an intermediary.

33:18

וַיֹּאמַר הַרְאֵנִי נָא אֶת־כְּבֹדֶֽךָ׃

He [Moshe] then said, “Please grant me a vision of Your Glory.”

He [Moshe] then said, “Please grant me a vision of Your Glory.”

Rashi

ויאמר הראני נא את כבודך. ראה משה שהיה עת רצון ודבריו מקובלים, והוסיף לשאול להראותו מראית כבודו:

He (Moshe) then said. “Please grant me a vision of Your Glory.” Moshe saw that it was a favorable moment and that his words were finding acceptance. So he made an additional request to be shown a vision of His Glory.

33:19

וַיֹּאמֶר אֲנִי אַעֲבִיר כׇּל־טוּבִי עַל־פָּנֶיךָ וְקָרָאתִֽי בְשֵׁם יְהֹוָה לְפָנֶיךָ וְחַנֹּתִי אֶת־אֲשֶׁר אָחֹן וְרִחַמְתִּי אֶת־אֲשֶׁר אֲרַחֵֽם׃

He [God] said, “I will cause all My goodness to pass before your presence, and will proclaim the Name, Adonoy, in your presence. I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and I will be compassionate to whom I will be compassionate.

He [God] said, “I will cause all My goodness to pass before your presence, and will proclaim the Name, Adonoy, in your presence. I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and I will be compassionate to whom I will be compassionate.

Rashi

ויאמר אני אעביר וגו'. הגיעה שעה שתראה בכבודי מה שארשה אותך לראות, לפי שאני רוצה וצריך ללמדך סדר תפלה, שכשנצרכת לבקש רחמים על ישראל, הזכרת לי זכות אבות, כסבור אתה שאם תמה זכות אבות אין עוד תקוה, אני אעביר כל מדת טובי לפניך על הצור, ואתה צפון במערה:

He (God) said, “I will cause all My goodness to pass, etc.” I.e., “The time has come for you to see of My Glory, that which I will allow you to see, because I want and need to teach you the order of prayer. For, when you needed to ask for mercy for the Israelites, You reminded Me of the merit of the Patriarchs. You thought that were the merit of the Patriarchs to be exhausted there would no longer be any hope. I will, therefore, cause to pass all the attributes of My goodness before you on the rock while you are concealed in the cave.

וקראתי בשם ה' לפניך. ללמדך סדר בקשת רחמים, אף אם תכלה זכות אבות. וכסדר זה שאתה רואה אותי מעוטף וקורא י"ג מדות (ראש השנה יז:), הוי מלמד את ישראל לעשות כן, ועל ידי שיזכירו לפני רחום וחנון, יהיו נענין, כי רחמי לא כָלִים:

And will proclaim the Name, Adonoy, in your presence — so as to teach you the order of asking for mercy even if the merit of the Patriarchs is exhausted. And in this order that you see Me, “wrapped [in a tallis]” while proclaiming “the thirteen attributes,” teach Yisrael to do likewise. And by mentioning before Me [My attributes] “Merciful One! Gracious One” they will be answered, for My mercies are never exhausted.

וחנותי את אשר אחון. אותן פעמים שארצה לחון:

I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious. [I.e.,] those times that I will wish to be gracious.

ורחמתי. עת שאחפוץ לרחם. עד כאן לא הבטיחו אלא עתים אענה ועתים לא אענה, אבל בשעת מעשה אמר לו הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי כֹּרֵת בְּרִית, הבטיחו שאינן חוזרות ריקם (שם):

And I will be compassionate — those times that I will wish to be compassionate. Up to this point He only promised him that “at times I will respond, at times I will not respond.” But at that time [when He actually proclaimed His attributes,] He said to him: “Behold, I establish a covenant,” thus promising him [that once the Attributes are invoked] they will never return unanswered (lit. empty).

33:20

וַיֹּאמֶר לֹא תוּכַל לִרְאֹת אֶת־פָּנָי כִּי לֹֽא־יִרְאַנִי הָאָדָם וָחָֽי׃

And He said, “You cannot see My Presence, for no man can see My Presence and live.”

And He said, “You cannot see My Presence, for no man can see My Presence and live.”

Rashi

ויאמר לא תוכל וגו'. אף כשאעביר כל טובי על פניך, איני נותן לך רשות לראות את פני:

And He said, “You cannot,” etc. Even when I cause all My goodness to pass before you, I shall not permit you to see My Presence.

33:21

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה הִנֵּה מָקוֹם אִתִּי וְנִצַּבְתָּ עַל־הַצּֽוּר׃

And Adonoy said, “Behold there is a place with Me, and you shall set yourself on the rock.

And Adonoy said, “Behold there is a place with Me, and you shall set yourself on the rock.

Rashi

הנה מקום אתי. בהר אשר אני מדבר עמך תמיד, יש מקום מוכן לי לצרכך שאטמינך שם שלא תזוק, ומשם תראה מה שתראה, זו פשוטו. ומדרשו, על מקום שהשכינה שם מדבר, ואומר המקום אתי ואינו אומר אני במקום, שהקב"ה מקומו של עולם ואין עולמו מקומו:

“Behold, there is a place with Me.” In the mountain, where I constantly speak with you, I have a place prepared for your needs, where I will conceal you so that you will not be hurt, and from there you will see what you may see. That is the plain explanation. However, its midrashic explanation is that [“a place”] refers to the place where the Shechinah is and He, therefore, says: “The place is with Me” and He does not say: “I am in the place,” for God is “the place of the world” but the world is not “His place.”

33:22

וְהָיָה בַּעֲבֹר כְּבֹדִי וְשַׂמְתִּיךָ בְּנִקְרַת הַצּוּר וְשַׂכֹּתִי כַפִּי עָלֶיךָ עַד־עׇבְרִֽי׃

When My Glory passes by, I will put you in a cleft of the rock, and I will cover you with My Hand until I pass by.

When My Glory passes by, I will put you in a cleft of the rock, and I will cover you with My Hand until I pass by.

Rashi

בעבור כבודי. כשאעבור לפניך:

When My Glory passes by. [Meaning:] When I pass by you.

בנקרת הצור. כמו הַעֵינֵי הָאֲנָשִׁים הָהֵם תְּנַקֵּר (במדבר טז, יד), יִקְּרוּהָ עֹרְבֵי נַחַל (משלי ל, יז), אֲנִי קַרְתִּי וְשָׁתִיתִי מָיִם (ישעיה לז, כה), גזרה אחת להם: נקרת הצור. כריית הצור:

In a cleft of the rock. [The word בְּנִקְרַת expresses the idea of a hole] as in: “Will you (תְּנַקֵּר) bore out the eyes of those men”? [or:] “The ravens of the valley (יִקְּרוּהָ) will bore it out” [or:] “I have dug and drunk water”; They all have a common root. Therefore נִקְרַת צוּר means “a place dug out in the rock.”

ושכותי כפי. מכאן שנתנה רשות למחבלים לחבל (ת"כ פ' ויקרא), ותרגומו וְאָגֵין בְּמֵימְרִי, כנוי הוא לדרך כבוד של מעלה, שאינו צריך לסוכך עליו בכף ממש:

And I will cover [you] with My Hand. From here it may be derived permission is given to destroyers to destroy. Onkelos translates it (i.e., וְשַׂכֹּתִי כַפִּי) וְאָגֵין בְּמֵימְרִי — “I will protect you with My word.” This is a euphemism as a way [of explaining] respectfulness towards the One on High, Who, [obviously] does not need to cover him actually, with His Hand.

33:23

וַהֲסִרֹתִי אֶת־כַּפִּי וְרָאִיתָ אֶת־אֲחֹרָי וּפָנַי לֹא יֵרָאֽוּ׃ {פ}
*(ספק פרשה סתומה בכתר ארם צובה)

Then I will remove My Hand, and you will see My Back, but My Face shall not be seen.

Then I will remove My Hand, and you will see My Back, but My Face shall not be seen.

Rashi

והסרותי את כפי. וְאַעְדֵי יַת דִּבְרַת יְקָרִי, כשתסתלק הנהגת כבודי מכנגד פניך, ללכת משם ולהלן:

Then I will remove My Hand. [Onkelos translates it:] וְאַעְדֵי יָת דִּבְרַת יְקָרִי — “I shall remove the guidance of My Glory,” [Meaning:] “When I remove the guidance of My Glory from before your face” — to go away from there [then —]

וראית את אחורי. הראהו קשר של תפילין:

you will see My Back. He showed him the tephillin-knot [behind the Head].

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

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