Tanach
Shemot 6:14-28 שמות ו׳:י״ד-כ״ח
Part of: VaeraVaera, Aliyah 2Chapter 6
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אֵלֶּה רָאשֵׁי בֵית־אֲבֹתָם בְּנֵי רְאוּבֵן בְּכֹר יִשְׂרָאֵל חֲנוֹךְ וּפַלּוּא חֶצְרֹן וְכַרְמִי אֵלֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹת רְאוּבֵֽן׃
These are the heads of their paternal households: the sons of Reuvein, the first-born of Yisrael [are]: Chanoch, Pallu, Chetzron and Carmi. These are the families of Reuvein.
These are the heads of their paternal households: the sons of Reuvein, the first-born of Yisrael [are]: Chanoch, Pallu, Chetzron and Carmi. These are the families of Reuvein.
Rashi
וּבְנֵי שִׁמְעוֹן יְמוּאֵל וְיָמִין וְאֹהַד וְיָכִין וְצֹחַר וְשָׁאוּל בֶּן־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִית אֵלֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹת שִׁמְעֽוֹן׃
The sons of Shimon: Yemuel, Yamin, Ohad, Yachin, Tzochar and Shaul, the son of the Canaanite woman. These are the families of Shimon.
The sons of Shimon: Yemuel, Yamin, Ohad, Yachin, Tzochar and Shaul, the son of the Canaanite woman. These are the families of Shimon.
וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵֽי־לֵוִי לְתֹלְדֹתָם גֵּרְשׁוֹן וּקְהָת וּמְרָרִי וּשְׁנֵי חַיֵּי לֵוִי שֶׁבַע וּשְׁלֹשִׁים וּמְאַת שָׁנָֽה׃
These are the names of the sons of Leivi, according to their generations: Gershon, Kehos, and Merari. The years of Leivi’s life were one hundred and thirty-seven years.
These are the names of the sons of Leivi, according to their generations: Gershon, Kehos, and Merari. The years of Leivi’s life were one hundred and thirty-seven years.
Rashi
ושני חיי לוי וגו'. למה נמנו שנותיו של לוי, להודיע כמה ימי השעבוד, שכל זמן שאחד מן השבטים קיים, לא היה שעבוד, שנאמר וַיָּמָת יֹוסֵף וְכָל אֶחָיו (שמות א, ו), ואח"כ וַיָּקָם מֶלֶךְ חָדָשׁ, ולוי האריך ימים על כולם:
The years of Leivi’s life were, etc. Why are the years of Leivi’s life specified [here]? To tell the length of time that the enslavement lasted, for as long as one of the Tribes (Yaakov’s sons) remained alive there was no enslavement, as it is said “Yoseif and his brothers died,” and afterwards: “A new king arose,” and Leivi outlived all of them.
בְּנֵי גֵרְשׁוֹן לִבְנִי וְשִׁמְעִי לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃
The sons of Gershon: Livni and Shimi, and their families [descending from them].
The sons of Gershon: Livni and Shimi, and their families [descending from them].
וּבְנֵי קְהָת עַמְרָם וְיִצְהָר וְחֶבְרוֹן וְעֻזִּיאֵל וּשְׁנֵי חַיֵּי קְהָת שָׁלֹשׁ וּשְׁלֹשִׁים וּמְאַת שָׁנָֽה׃
The sons of Kehos: Amram, Yitzhar, Chevron and Uzziel. The years of Kehos’s life were one hundred and thirty-three years.
The sons of Kehos: Amram, Yitzhar, Chevron and Uzziel. The years of Kehos’s life were one hundred and thirty-three years.
Rashi
ושני חיי קהת. ושני חיי עמרם וגו'. מחשבון זה אנו למדים על מושב בני ישראל ארבע מאות שנה שאמר הכתוב, שלא בארץ מצרים לבדה היו, אלא מיום שנולד יצחק, שהרי קהת מיורדי מצרים היה, חשוב כל שנותיו ושנות עמרם ושמונים של משה, לא תמצאם ד' מאות שנה, והרבה שנים נבלעים לבנים בשני האבות:
The years of Kehos’s life, the years of Amram’s life, etc. (v. 20). From these calculations we learn that the 400 year sojourn of the B’nei Yisrael of which Scripture speaks, was not [spent] in Egypt alone, but [was calculated] from the day Yitzchok was born. [This can be calculated thus:] For Kehos was among those who went down to Egypt. [Now] total up all of his years and the years of Amram [his son], and the eighty years of Moshe, you will find that they do not total [even] 400 years, [especially since] many of the [sons’] years are included in the fathers’ years.
וּבְנֵי מְרָרִי מַחְלִי וּמוּשִׁי אֵלֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹת הַלֵּוִי לְתֹלְדֹתָֽם׃
The sons of Merari: Machli and Mushi. These are the families of the Levites according to their [descending] generation.
The sons of Merari: Machli and Mushi. These are the families of the Levites according to their [descending] generation.
וַיִּקַּח עַמְרָם אֶת־יוֹכֶבֶד דֹּֽדָתוֹ לוֹ לְאִשָּׁה וַתֵּלֶד לוֹ אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן וְאֶת־מֹשֶׁה וּשְׁנֵי חַיֵּי עַמְרָם שֶׁבַע וּשְׁלֹשִׁים וּמְאַת שָׁנָֽה׃
Amram took his aunt Yocheved for his wife and she bore him Aharon and Moshe. The years of Amram’s life were one hundred and thirty-seven years.
Amram took his aunt Yocheved for his wife and she bore him Aharon and Moshe. The years of Amram’s life were one hundred and thirty-seven years.
Rashi
יוכבד דדתו. אחת אבוהי, בת לוי אחות קהת:
His aunt Yocheved. [Translated by Onkelos:] “His father’s sister,” for she was Leivi’s daughter, Kehos’s sister.
וּבְנֵי יִצְהָר קֹרַח וָנֶפֶג וְזִכְרִֽי׃
The sons of Yitzhar: Korach, Nefeg and Zichri.
The sons of Yitzhar: Korach, Nefeg and Zichri.
וּבְנֵי עֻזִּיאֵל מִֽישָׁאֵל וְאֶלְצָפָן וְסִתְרִֽי׃
The sons of Uzziel: Mishaeil, Eltzaphan and Sisri.
The sons of Uzziel: Mishaeil, Eltzaphan and Sisri.
וַיִּקַּח אַהֲרֹן אֶת־אֱלִישֶׁבַע בַּת־עַמִּינָדָב אֲחוֹת נַחְשׁוֹן לוֹ לְאִשָּׁה וַתֵּלֶד לוֹ אֶת־נָדָב וְאֶת־אֲבִיהוּא אֶת־אֶלְעָזָר וְאֶת־אִֽיתָמָֽר׃
Aharon took Elisheva, daughter of Aminadav, sister of Nachshon, for a wife, and she bore him Nadav, Avihu, Elazar and Isamar.
Aharon took Elisheva, daughter of Aminadav, sister of Nachshon, for a wife, and she bore him Nadav, Avihu, Elazar and Isamar.
Rashi
אחות נחשון. מכאן למדנו, הנושא אשה צריך לבדוק באחיה (ב"ב קי. — שמו"ר ז, ד):
Sister of Nachshon. From here we learn that one [who contemplates] marrying a woman should [first] investigate her brothers.
וּבְנֵי קֹרַח אַסִּיר וְאֶלְקָנָה וַאֲבִיאָסָף אֵלֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹת הַקׇּרְחִֽי׃
The sons of Korach: Assir, Elkanah and Aviasaf. These are the families of the Korachites.
The sons of Korach: Assir, Elkanah and Aviasaf. These are the families of the Korachites.
וְאֶלְעָזָר בֶּֽן־אַהֲרֹן לָקַֽח־לוֹ מִבְּנוֹת פּֽוּטִיאֵל לוֹ לְאִשָּׁה וַתֵּלֶד לוֹ אֶת־פִּֽינְחָס אֵלֶּה רָאשֵׁי אֲבוֹת הַלְוִיִּם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃
Elazar, son of Aharon took, for himself one of the daughters of Putieil, for a wife, and she bore him Pinchas. These are the heads of the Levites’ patriarchs according to their families.
Elazar, son of Aharon took, for himself one of the daughters of Putieil, for a wife, and she bore him Pinchas. These are the heads of the Levites’ patriarchs according to their families.
Rashi
מבנות פוטיאל. מזרע יתרו שֶׁפִּטֵּם עגלים לעבודת אלילים, ומזרע יוסף שפטפט ביצרו (ב"ב קט:):
One of the daughters of Putiel. [He was] of the descendants of Yisro who [at one time] fattened (פִּטֵּם) calves [for use as] idolatrous [sacrifices], and of the descendants of Yoseif, who showed contempt (פִּטְפֵּט) for his evil inclination.
הוּא אַהֲרֹן וּמֹשֶׁה אֲשֶׁר אָמַר יְהֹוָה לָהֶם הוֹצִיאוּ אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם עַל־צִבְאֹתָֽם׃
This is [the lineage of] Aharon and Moshe to whom Adonoy had said, “Bring the B’nei Yisrael out of the land of Egypt with their multitudes.”
This is [the lineage of] Aharon and Moshe to whom Adonoy had said, “Bring the B’nei Yisrael out of the land of Egypt with their multitudes.”
Rashi
הוא אהרן ומשה. אלו שהוזכרו למעלה שילדה יוכבד לעמרם. הוא אהרן ומשה אשר אמר ה', יש מקומות שמקדים אהרן למשה ויש מקומות שמקדים משה לאהרן, לומר לך ששקולין כאחד:
This is [the lineage of] Aharon and Moshe. The same ones about whom it is mentioned above (v. 20) that Yocheved bore to Amram. This is [the lineage of] Aharon and Moshe. There are places where [the Torah] sets Aharon ahead of Moshe, and there are places where it sets Moshe ahead of Aharon, to tell you that they were equal.
על צבאותם. בצבאותם, כל צבאם לשבטיהם, יש על, שאינו אלא במקום אות אחת, וְעַל חַרְבְּךָ תִּחְיֶה (בראשית כז, מ), כמו בחרבך. עֲמַדְתֶּם עַל חַרְבְּכֶם (יחזקאל לג, כו), כמו בחרבכם:
With their multitudes. [עַל צִבְאֹתָם meaning:] with their multitudes — [i.e.] all their multitudes according to their tribes. Sometimes עַל replaces only a single letter, [as in:] וְעַל חַרְבְּךָ — “You shall live by your sword” [וְעַל חַרְבְּךָ] being the same as בְּחַרְבְּךָ, [or:] עֲמַדְתֶּם עַל חַרְבְּכֶם — “You stand by your sword” [עַל חַרְבְּכֶם] being the same as בְּחַרְבְּכֶם .
הֵם הַֽמְדַבְּרִים אֶל־פַּרְעֹה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַיִם לְהוֹצִיא אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּצְרָיִם הוּא מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹֽן׃
They are the ones who spoke to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, to bring the B’nei Yisrael out of Egypt. These are Moshe and Aharon.
They are the ones who spoke to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, to bring the B’nei Yisrael out of Egypt. These are Moshe and Aharon.
Rashi
הם המדברים וגו'. הם שנצטוו הם שקיימו:
They are the ones who spoke, etc. They were the ones who were commanded, they were the ones who fulfilled [their mission].
הוא משה ואהרן. הם בשליחותם ובצדקתם מתחלה ועד סוף:
These are Moshe and Aharon. They [remained faithful] in their mission and [remained] in their righteousness from beginning to end.
וַיְהִי בְּיוֹם דִּבֶּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ {ס}
It was the day when Adonoy spoke to Moshe in the land of Egypt.
It was the day when Adonoy spoke to Moshe in the land of Egypt.
Rashi
ויהי ביום דבר וגו'. מחובר למקרא שלאחריו:
It was the day when [Adonoy] spoke, etc. [This verse] is to be joined with the verse that follows.
אלה ראשי בית אבותם. מתוך שהוזקק ליחס שבטו של לוי עד משה ואהרן בשביל משה ואהרן, התחיל ליחסם דרך תולדותם מראובן. (ובפסיקתא גדולה ראיתי, לפי שֶׁקִּנְטְרָם יעקב אבינו לשלשה שבטים הללו בשעת מותו, חזר הכתוב ויחסם כאן לבדם, לומר שחשובים הם):
These are the heads of their paternal households. Since it was necessary to state the genealogy of the tribe of Leivi down to Moshe and Aharon because of Moshe and Aharon, it (the Torah) begins to give their genealogy in the order of their births, [beginning] from Reuvein. But, in Pesikta Rabbasi (7, 12) I saw: Because our Father Yaakov criticized these three tribes at the time of his death, Scripture, here again traces only their genealogy thereby indicating that they were [nevertheless] worthy.