Shemot
Shemot, Aliyah 1 שמות, ראשון
Part of: ShemotShemot, Aliyah 1Chapter 1Petuchah, Exodus 1:8
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Shemot 1
וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הַבָּאִים מִצְרָיְמָה אֵת יַעֲקֹב אִישׁ וּבֵיתוֹ בָּֽאוּ׃
These are the names of the B’nei Yisrael who came to Egypt. Each man with his household who came with Yaakov.
These are the names of the B’nei Yisrael who came to Egypt. Each man with his household who came with Yaakov.
Rashi
רְאוּבֵן שִׁמְעוֹן לֵוִי וִיהוּדָֽה׃
Reuvein, Shimon, Leivi and Yehudah.
Reuvein, Shimon, Leivi and Yehudah.
יִשָּׂשכָר זְבוּלֻן וּבִנְיָמִֽן׃
Yissachar, Zevulun, and Binyamin.
Yissachar, Zevulun, and Binyamin.
דָּן וְנַפְתָּלִי גָּד וְאָשֵֽׁר׃
Don, Naftali, Gad and Asher.
Don, Naftali, Gad and Asher.
וַֽיְהִי כׇּל־נֶפֶשׁ יֹצְאֵי יֶֽרֶךְ־יַעֲקֹב שִׁבְעִים נָפֶשׁ וְיוֹסֵף הָיָה בְמִצְרָֽיִם׃
All the souls that emanated from the loins of Yaakov, [numbered] seventy souls, [including] Yoseif who was in Egypt.
All the souls that emanated from the loins of Yaakov, [numbered] seventy souls, [including] Yoseif who was in Egypt.
Rashi
ויוסף היה במצרים. והלא הוא ובניו היו בכלל שבעים, ומה בא ללמדנו, וכי לא היינו יודעים שהוא היה במצרים, אלא להודיעך צדקתו של יוסף, הוא יוסף הרועה את צאן אביו, הוא יוסף שהיה במצרים ונעשה מלך ועמד בצדקו:
Yoseif [who] was [already] in Egypt. But, were not he and his sons included in the seventy? Then what does [Scripture] intend to teach us? Would we not know ourselves that he was in Egypt? But, [the purpose is] to let you know how righteous Yoseif was — the same Yoseif who tended his father’s sheep, is the same Yoseif who was in Egypt and he became king, [yet] he remained steadfast in his righteousness.
וַיָּמׇת יוֹסֵף וְכׇל־אֶחָיו וְכֹל הַדּוֹר הַהֽוּא׃
Yoseif died. All his brothers and all that generation [also died.]
Yoseif died. All his brothers and all that generation [also died.]
וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל פָּרוּ וַֽיִּשְׁרְצוּ וַיִּרְבּוּ וַיַּֽעַצְמוּ בִּמְאֹד מְאֹד וַתִּמָּלֵא הָאָרֶץ אֹתָֽם׃ {פ}
The B’nei Yisrael were fruitful and prolific, and their population multiplied. They were exceedingly mighty, and the land was filled with them.
The B’nei Yisrael were fruitful and prolific, and their population multiplied. They were exceedingly mighty, and the land was filled with them.
Rashi
וישרצו. שהיו יולדות ששה בכרס אחד:
And Prolific. They bore six children at one time.
וַיָּקׇם מֶֽלֶךְ־חָדָשׁ עַל־מִצְרָיִם אֲשֶׁר לֹֽא־יָדַע אֶת־יוֹסֵֽף׃
A new king came into power over Egypt, who did not know Yoseif.
A new king came into power over Egypt, who did not know Yoseif.
Rashi
ויקם מלך חדש. רב ושמואל, חד אמר חדש ממש, וחד אמר שנתחדשו גזירותיו (סוטה יא.):
A new king came into power. Rav and Shmuel [disagreed as to the meaning of מֶלֶךְ חָדָשׁ]. One said, literally a new king while the other said, [he was actually the same king] but his edicts were new.
אשר לא ידע. עשה עצמו כאלו לא ידע:
Who did not know. He acted as if he did not know [him].
וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־עַמּוֹ הִנֵּה עַם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל רַב וְעָצוּם מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃
He said to his people, “Behold, the people of the B’nei Yisrael are becoming too numerous and strong for us.
He said to his people, “Behold, the people of the B’nei Yisrael are becoming too numerous and strong for us.
הָבָה נִֽתְחַכְּמָה לוֹ פֶּן־יִרְבֶּה וְהָיָה כִּֽי־תִקְרֶאנָה מִלְחָמָה וְנוֹסַף גַּם־הוּא עַל־שֹׂנְאֵינוּ וְנִלְחַם־בָּנוּ וְעָלָה מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
Come let us deal wisely with him. Lest he increase so much, that, if there is war, he will join our enemies and fight against us, driving us from the land.
Come let us deal wisely with him. Lest he increase so much, that, if there is war, he will join our enemies and fight against us, driving us from the land.
Rashi
הבה נתחכמה לו. כל הבה לשון הכנה והזמנה לְדָבָר הוא, כלומר הזמינו עצמיכם לכך:
Come let us deal wisely. Wherever הָבָה [appears in Scripture] it means “preparation and readiness” for a given matter; that is: “Prepare yourselves for this!”
נתחכמה לו. לעם, נתחכמה מה לעשות לו. ורבותינו דרשו, נתחכם למושיען של ישראל לדונם במים, שכבר נשבע שלא יביא מבול לעולם (שמו"ר א, יא). (והם לא הבינו שעל כל העולם אינו מביא, אבל הוא מביא על אומה אחת. ברש"י ישן):
Wisely with him. [לוֹ — to him — refers] to the nation [of Israel]. “Let us wisely determine what to do to him.” Our Sages [however] explained [the singular לוֹ] as: “Let us deal shrewdly with the Savior of Israel (God) by bringing about their fate through water for He has already sworn that he will never again bring a flood upon the world.” (They [the Egyptians] did not realize that [His promise was] not to flood the entire world but He might flood one nation. [From an old Rashi text]).
ועלה מן הארץ. על כרחנו. ורבותינו דרשו, כאדם שמקלל עצמו, ותולה קללתו באחרים, והרי הוא כאלו כתב וְעָלִינוּ מן הארץ והם יירשוה:
Driving us from the land — against our will. Our Sages, however, explained it: [Pharoah spoke] as a person who expresses a curse about himself but attaches his curse to others. It is as if it had been written: “And we will go up out of the land and they will inherit it.”
וַיָּשִׂימוּ עָלָיו שָׂרֵי מִסִּים לְמַעַן עַנֹּתוֹ בְּסִבְלֹתָם וַיִּבֶן עָרֵי מִסְכְּנוֹת לְפַרְעֹה אֶת־פִּתֹם וְאֶת־רַעַמְסֵֽס׃
They appointed conscription officers over him to oppress him with their burdens. He [B’nei Yisrael] built supply cities for Pharaoh, Pisom and Ramseis.
They appointed conscription officers over him to oppress him with their burdens. He [B’nei Yisrael] built supply cities for Pharaoh, Pisom and Ramseis.
Rashi
עליו. על העם:
Over him. [Meaning:] upon the nation.
מסים. לשון מס, שרים שגובין מהם המס. ומהו המס, שיבנו ערי מסכנות לפרעה:
Conscription officers. [מִסִּים] is derived from the word מַס — tribute. [Thus, שָׂרֵי מִסִּים are] officers who collect tribute from them. And what is the tribute? That they build warehouse [storage] cities for Pharaoh.
למען ענותו בסבלתם. של מצרים:
To oppress him with their burdens. I.e., [the burdens] of the Egyptians.
ערי מסכנות. כתרגומו, וכן לֶךְ בֹּא אֶל הַסֹּכֵן הַזֶה (ישעי' כב, טו), גזבר הממונה על האוצרות (שמו"ר א, יד):
Supply cities. Should be translated as Onkelos does. Similarly: “Go to this (הַסֹּכֵן) treasurer.” [הַסֹּכֵן refers to] the treasurer who is in charge of the warehouses.
את פתום ואת רעמסס. שלא היו ראויות מתחלה לכך, ועשאום חזקות ובצורות לאוצר:
Pisom and Ramseis. For they were originally not fit for this purpose so they strengthened and fortified them for warehousing.
וְכַאֲשֶׁר יְעַנּוּ אֹתוֹ כֵּן יִרְבֶּה וְכֵן יִפְרֹץ וַיָּקֻצוּ מִפְּנֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
But the more [the Egyptians] oppressed him, the more [the B’nei Yisrael] increased and spread. [The Egyptians] came to loathe the B’nei Yisrael.
But the more [the Egyptians] oppressed him, the more [the B’nei Yisrael] increased and spread. [The Egyptians] came to loathe the B’nei Yisrael.
Rashi
וכאשר יענו אותו. בכל מה שהם נותנין לב לענות, כן לב הקב"ה להרבות ולהפריץ.
The more [the Egyptians] oppressed him. To the extent that they set their hearts to oppress [them], God set His heart to increase and strengthen them.
כן ירבה, כן רבה וכן פרץ. ומדרשו, רוח הקודש אומרת כן, אתם אומרים פן ירבה, ואני אומר כן ירבה:
The more [the B’nei Yisrael] increased. [Meaning:] so did they increase and become strong. That is the plain interpretation. [However,] the Midrashic explanation is: the Holy Spirit is saying this, i.e., “You say, ‘lest he increase’, but, I say, ‘yes, they will increase’.”
ויקצו. קצו בחייהם. (ויש מפרשים המצרים בעיני עצמם וק"ל). ורבותינו דרשו, כקוצים היו בעיניהם:
[The Egyptians] came to loathe. Their lives became abhorent to them. Our Sages explained: They were as thorns (קוֹצִים) in their eyes.
וַיַּעֲבִדוּ מִצְרַיִם אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃
The Egyptians enslaved the B’nei Yisrael, with body-breaking labor.
The Egyptians enslaved the B’nei Yisrael, with body-breaking labor.
Rashi
בפרך. בעבודה קשה המפרכת את הגוף ומשברתו:
With body-breaking labor. [Meaning:] with work that is so hard that it crushes (מְפַּרֶכֶת) the body and breaks it.
וַיְמָרְרוּ אֶת־חַיֵּיהֶם בַּעֲבֹדָה קָשָׁה בְּחֹמֶר וּבִלְבֵנִים וּבְכׇל־עֲבֹדָה בַּשָּׂדֶה אֵת כׇּל־עֲבֹדָתָם אֲשֶׁר־עָבְדוּ בָהֶם בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃
They made their lives bitter with harsh labor involving mortar and bricks, and all kinds of work in the fields. All the work they made them do [was intended] to break them.
They made their lives bitter with harsh labor involving mortar and bricks, and all kinds of work in the fields. All the work they made them do [was intended] to break them.
וַיֹּאמֶר מֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם לַֽמְיַלְּדֹת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּת אֲשֶׁר שֵׁם הָֽאַחַת שִׁפְרָה וְשֵׁם הַשֵּׁנִית פּוּעָֽה׃
The king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives. The name of one of them was Shifrah, and the name of the other was Puah.
The king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives. The name of one of them was Shifrah, and the name of the other was Puah.
Rashi
למילדות. הוא לשון מולידות, אלא שיש לשון קל ויש לשון כבד, כמו שובר ומשבר, דובר ומדבר, כך מוליד וּמְיַלֵּד:
Midwives. מְיַלְּדוֹת has the same meaning as מוֹלִידוֹת, but it sometimes comes in the קַל (light) conjugation and sometimes in the “heavy” פִּעֵל conjugation as in שׁוֹבֵר (קַל) or מְשַׁבֵּר (פִּעֵל) or דוֹבֵר (speak) [in the קַל conjugation] and מְדַבֵּר (speak) [in the פִּעֵל conjugation]. Similarly מוֹלִיד [קַל] and מְיַלֵּד — [פִּעֵל].
שפרה. זו יוכבד, על שם שֶׁמְשַׁפֶּרֶת את הולד:
Shifrah. This is Yocheved, [and she was called שִׁפְרָה] because [שֶׁמְּשַׁפֶּרֶת] she would put the newborn into proper [physical] condition.
פועה. זו מרים, על שם שׁפּוֹעָה ומדברת והוגה לולד, כדרך הנשים המפייסות תינוק הבוכה (סוטה יא:):
Puah. This is Miriam, [and she was called פּוּעָה] because she would make loud noises and speak and articulate to the newborn, as do women who pacify a child that is crying.
פועה. לשון צעקה, כמו כַּיּוֹלֵדָה אֶפְעֶה (ישעי' מב, יד):
[The word] פּוּעָה means shouting loudly as in: “I will scream like a birthing woman.”
וַיֹּאמֶר בְּיַלֶּדְכֶן אֶת־הָֽעִבְרִיּוֹת וּרְאִיתֶן עַל־הָאׇבְנָיִם אִם־בֵּן הוּא וַהֲמִתֶּן אֹתוֹ וְאִם־בַּת הִוא וָחָֽיָה׃
He said, “When you deliver Hebrew women, you must look at the birthstool. If it is a boy, kill him; but if it is a girl, let her live.”
He said, “When you deliver Hebrew women, you must look at the birthstool. If it is a boy, kill him; but if it is a girl, let her live.”
Rashi
בילדכן. כמו בהולידכן:
When you deliver. בְּיַלֶדְכֶן [in the פִּעֵל conjugation] is the same as בְהוֹלִידְכֶן [in the קַל conjugation].
האבנים. מושב האשה היולדת, ובמקום אחר קוראו משבר, וכמוהו עֹשֶה מְלָאכָה עַל הָאָבְנָיִם (ירמי' יח, ג), מושב כלי אומנות יוצר כלי חרס:
Birthstool. The seat of a woman who is giving birth. In another place [in Scripture] it is referred to as מַשְׁבֵּר . Similarly: “He did work on the אָבְנָיִם” — the seat upon which are kept the tools of the pottery maker.
אם בן הוא וגו'. לא היה מקפיד אלא על הזכרים, שאמרו לו אִצְטַגְנִינָיו שעתיד להוולד בן המושיע אותם:
If it is a boy, etc. He was particular only in regard to the male children because his astrologers had told him that a son was to be born who would liberate them.
וחיה. ותחיה:
Let her live. [וָחָיָה being the same as] וְתִחְיֶה — “and she shall live.”
וַתִּירֶאןָ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים וְלֹא עָשׂוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אֲלֵיהֶן מֶלֶךְ מִצְרָיִם וַתְּחַיֶּיןָ אֶת־הַיְלָדִֽים׃
The midwives [however] feared Elohim and did not do as the Egyptian king had told them, and they kept the infant boys alive.
The midwives [however] feared Elohim and did not do as the Egyptian king had told them, and they kept the infant boys alive.
Rashi
ותחיין את הילדים. מְסַפְּקוֹת להם מים ומזון. (סוטה יא:) תרגום הראשון וְקַיָּימא, והשני וְקַיֵּימְתּוּן, לפי שלשון עברית לנקבות רבות, תיבה זו וכיוצא בה משמשת לשון פעלו ולשון פעלתם, כגון ותאמרן איש מצרי, (שמות ב, יט) לשון עבר כמו ויאמרו לזכרים, וַתְּדַבֵּרְנָה בְּפִיכֶם (ירמי' מד, כה), לשון דברתם כמו ותדברו לזכרים, וכן וַתְּחַלֶלְנָה אֹתִי אֶל עַמִּי, (יחזקאל יג, יט) לשון עבר חללתם כמו ותחללו לזכרים:
And they kept the infant boys alive. [Meaning:] they provided water and food for them. Onkelos’ translation of the first [וַתְּחַיֶּיןָ] is וְקַיָּימָא — and they [the women] preserved [the newborn]; whereas the second time [that וַתְּחַיֶּיןָ appears — v. 18] [he translates it] וְקַיֵּימְתּוּן — and you [women] have preserved. This is because, in Hebrew, this word and any form thereof is used to mean: “they” (fem.) did something as well as: “you” (fem. pl.) did something. E.g., “(וַתּאֹמַרְןָ —) They said, “an Egyptian, etc.,” which is [fem. pl.] past tense as would be וַיֹּאמְרוּ — for masculine. [Another example:] “(וַתְּדַבֵּרְנָה) you [women] have spoken with your mouths” — the same as דִּבַּרְתֶּן corresponding to וַתְּדַבְּרוּ in the masculine. Similarly: (וַתְּחַלְּלֶנָה) “you [women] have maligned me to my nation” — which is in the past tense. The same as חִלַּלְתֶּן corresponding to וַתְּחַלְּלוּ in the masculine.
Where next
Keep reading
- Shemot, Aliyah 2
- Chapter 1
- Shemot Parsha
ואלה שמות בני ישראל. אע"פ שמנאן בחייהן בשמותם, חזר ומנאן במיתתן, להודיע חבתן שנמשלו לכוכבים, שמוציאן ומכניסן במספר ובשמותם, שנאמר המוֹצִיא בְמִסְפָּר צְבָאָם לְכֻלָם בְֹּשֵם יִקְרָא (ישעי' מ, כו. — שמו"ר א, ג):
These are the names of the B’nei Yisrael. Though [Scripture] has previously enumerated them during their lifetime by their names, it again enumerates them at their deaths. [This is] to show how dear they are [to God], because they are compared to the stars which He brings out and brings in by number and by their [individual] names; as it is said: “Who brings out their host by number, and calls each by its name.”