Shemot
Shemot, Aliyah 7 שמות, שביעי
Part of: ShemotShemot, Aliyah 7Chapter 5Chapter 6Petuchah, Exodus 4:27
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Shemot 5
וְאַחַר בָּאוּ מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹה כֹּֽה־אָמַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל שַׁלַּח אֶת־עַמִּי וְיָחֹגּוּ לִי בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃
Afterwards Moshe and Aharon went and said to Pharaoh, “This is what Adonoy, God of Yisrael said, ‘Send My people, so they may celebrate a festival to Me in the wilderness.”
Afterwards Moshe and Aharon went and said to Pharaoh, “This is what Adonoy, God of Yisrael said, ‘Send My people, so they may celebrate a festival to Me in the wilderness.”
Rashi
וַיֹּאמֶר פַּרְעֹה מִי יְהֹוָה אֲשֶׁר אֶשְׁמַע בְּקֹלוֹ לְשַׁלַּח אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא יָדַעְתִּי אֶת־יְהֹוָה וְגַם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא אֲשַׁלֵּֽחַ׃
Pharaoh said, “Who is Adonoy that I should obey his voice, to let Yisrael go. I do not know Adonoy, nor will I let [the B’nei] Yisrael go.”
Pharaoh said, “Who is Adonoy that I should obey his voice, to let Yisrael go. I do not know Adonoy, nor will I let [the B’nei] Yisrael go.”
וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֱלֹהֵי הָעִבְרִים נִקְרָא עָלֵינוּ נֵלְכָה נָּא דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים בַּמִּדְבָּר וְנִזְבְּחָה לַֽיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ פֶּן־יִפְגָּעֵנוּ בַּדֶּבֶר אוֹ בֶחָֽרֶב׃
They said [to him], “The God of the Hebrews has revealed Himself to us. Please allow us to take a three day journey into the wilderness, and let us sacrifice to Adonoy, our God, lest He strike us with the plague or with the sword.”
They said [to him], “The God of the Hebrews has revealed Himself to us. Please allow us to take a three day journey into the wilderness, and let us sacrifice to Adonoy, our God, lest He strike us with the plague or with the sword.”
Rashi
פן יפגענו. פן יפגעך היו צריכים לומר, אלא שחלקו כבוד למלכות. פגיעה זו, לשון מקרה מות הוא:
Lest He strike us. Actually, they should have said, “Lest He strike you,” but, they showed respect to the king. The term פְּגִיעָה (“יִפְגָּעֵנוּ”) denotes an occurrence of death.
וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם מֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם לָמָּה מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן תַּפְרִיעוּ אֶת־הָעָם מִֽמַּעֲשָׂיו לְכוּ לְסִבְלֹתֵיכֶֽם׃
The king of Egypt said to them, “Why, Moshe and Aharon, are you distracting the people from their work? Get back to your burdens.”
The king of Egypt said to them, “Why, Moshe and Aharon, are you distracting the people from their work? Get back to your burdens.”
Rashi
תפריעו את העם ממעשיו. תבדילו ותרחיקו אותם ממלאכתם, ששומעין לכם וסבורים לנוח מן המלאכה, וכן פְּרַעֵהוּ אַל תַּעַבָר בֹּו (משלי ד, טו), רחקהו, וכן וַתִּפְרְעוּ כָל עֲצָתִי (שם א, כה), כִּי פָּרֻע הוּא (שמות לב, כה), נרחק ונתעב:
Are you distracting the people from their work. I.e., “why are you disengaging and distancing them from their work, for they might listen to you and have thoughts of resting from the work.” Similarly “(פְּרָעֵהוּ) Distance yourself from it, do not pass by it,” [פְּרָעֵהוּ meaning:] keep it at a distance. Similarly: “(וַתִּפְרְעוּ) You will keep away from my advice.” [or:] כִּי פָרֻעַ הוּא — “for it has distanced itself,” [פָרֻעַ הוּא: meaning] “It has distanced itself and became repulsive.”
לכו לסבלותיכם. לכו למלאכתכם שיש לכם לעשות בבתיכם, אבל מלאכת שעבוד מצרים לא היתה על שבטו של לוי, ותדע לך, שהרי משה ואהרן יוצאים ובאים שלא ברשות:
Get back to your burdens. [Meaning:] get back to your chores which you need to do in your homes. But the slave labor of Egypt was not [decreed] upon the Tribe of Leivi. You can know this by the fact that Moshe and Aharon came and went without permission.
וַיֹּאמֶר פַּרְעֹה הֵן־רַבִּים עַתָּה עַם הָאָרֶץ וְהִשְׁבַּתֶּם אֹתָם מִסִּבְלֹתָֽם׃
Then Pharaoh said, “Behold, the people of the land are now many, and you want them to take leave from their hard work.”
Then Pharaoh said, “Behold, the people of the land are now many, and you want them to take leave from their hard work.”
Rashi
הן רבים עתה עם הארץ. שהעבודה מוטלת עליהם, ואתם משביתים אותם מסבלותם, הפסד גדול הוא זה:
Behold, the people of the land are now many upon whom rests the responsibility of working and you are stopping them from their burden. This results in a great loss [to the economy].
וַיְצַו פַּרְעֹה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא אֶת־הַנֹּגְשִׂים בָּעָם וְאֶת־שֹׁטְרָיו לֵאמֹֽר׃
That day, Pharaoh commanded the taskmasters of the people and their officers, saying,
That day, Pharaoh commanded the taskmasters of the people and their officers, saying,
Rashi
הנוגשים. מצריים היו, והשוטרים היו ישראלים, הנוגש ממונה על כמה שוטרים, והשוטר ממונה לִרְדּוֹת בעושי המלאכה:
The task masters. They were Egyptians while the officers were Israelites. The נוֹגֵשׂ was in charge of several officers while the שׁוֹטֵר was in charge of controlling the workers.
לֹא תֹאסִפוּן לָתֵת תֶּבֶן לָעָם לִלְבֹּן הַלְּבֵנִים כִּתְמוֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם הֵם יֵֽלְכוּ וְקֹשְׁשׁוּ לָהֶם תֶּֽבֶן׃
“You shall no longer give the people straw to make bricks as before. Let them go gather [their own] straw,
“You shall no longer give the people straw to make bricks as before. Let them go gather [their own] straw,
Rashi
תבן. אשטו"בלא, היו גובלין אותו עם הטיט:
Straw. Estoble [in Old French] — stubble. They would knead it together with the clay.
לבנים. טיוו"לש בלע"ז, שעושים מטיט, ומיבשין אותן בחמה, ויש ששורפין אותן בכבשן:
Bricks. Tiules, in Old French — tiles which are made of clay and are dried in the sun. Some are burnt out in a furnace.
כתמול שלשם. כאשר הייתם עושים עד הנה:
As before. [כִּתְמוֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם — lit. as yesterday and the day before means:] “as you had been doing till now.”
וקששו. ולקטו:
Gather. [וְקשְׁשׁוּ is the same as:] וְלִקְּטוּ — gather.
וְאֶת־מַתְכֹּנֶת הַלְּבֵנִים אֲשֶׁר הֵם עֹשִׂים תְּמוֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם תָּשִׂימוּ עֲלֵיהֶם לֹא תִגְרְעוּ מִמֶּנּוּ כִּֽי־נִרְפִּים הֵם עַל־כֵּן הֵם צֹֽעֲקִים לֵאמֹר נֵלְכָה נִזְבְּחָה לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ׃
[And] the quota of bricks that they made before, you shall place upon them; do not reduce it, for they are lazy and therefore they cry out, saying, ‘We want to go sacrifice to our God.’
[And] the quota of bricks that they made before, you shall place upon them; do not reduce it, for they are lazy and therefore they cry out, saying, ‘We want to go sacrifice to our God.’
Rashi
ואת מתכנת הלבנים: סכום חשבון הַלְּבֵנִים שהיה כל אחד עושה ליום כשהיה התבן נתן להם, אותו סכום תשימו עליהם גם עתה, למען תכבד העבודה עליהם:
The quota of bricks. [מַתְכֹּנֶת הַלְּבֵנִים means:] “the total number of bricks that each one made per day when the straw was distributed to them, that same quota is to be required of them, even now, so that their work will become more difficult.
כי נרפים. מן העבודה הם, לכך לבם פונה אל הבטלה וצועקים לאמר נלכה וגו':
For [they are] lazy. [I.e., “They have become disengaged] from their work. Therefore, their attention has turned towards idleness and they cry out, saying: ‘Let us go, etc.’”
מתכנת. ותכן לבנים, ולו נתכנו עלילות, את הכסף המתוכן, כולן לשון חשבון הם:
[The word] מַתְכֹּנֶת . [The words:] “וְתוֹכֶן לְבֵנִים,” “and by him (נִתְכְּנוּ) deeds are counted,” [and] “the money (הַמְתֻכָּן) that was counted” are all terms denoting taking a count.
נרפים. המלאכה רפויה בידם ועזובה מהם, והם נרפים ממנה רטר"ייש בלע"ז
[The word] נִרְפִּים [means:] The work has become loose (רְפוּיָה) in their hand, and neglected by them and they have become loosened from it retreit, in Old French — loosened.
תִּכְבַּד הָעֲבֹדָה עַל־הָאֲנָשִׁים וְיַעֲשׂוּ־בָהּ וְאַל־יִשְׁעוּ בְּדִבְרֵי־שָֽׁקֶר׃
Make the workload heavier on the men, and make them do it. Let them not talk about false ideas.”
Make the workload heavier on the men, and make them do it. Let them not talk about false ideas.”
Rashi
ואל ישעו בדברי שקר. ואל יהגו וידברו תמיד בדברי רוח, לאמר נלכה נזבחה, ודומה לו ואשעה בחקיך תמיד, למשל ולשנינה מתרגמינן וּלְשׁוֹעִין, וַיְסַפֵּר וְאִשְׁתָּעֵי, ואי אפשר לומר ואל ישעו לשון וישע ה' אל הבל וגו' ואל קין ואל מנחתו לא שעה, ולפרש אל ישעו אל יפנו, שא"כ היה לו לכתוב ואל ישעו אל דברי שקר, או לדברי שקר, כי כן גזרת כלם, יִשְׁעֶה הָאָדָם עַל עֹשֵׂהוּ (ישעיה יז, ז), וְלֹא שָׁעוּ עַל קְדֹוש יִשְׂרָאֵל (שם לא, א), וְלֹא יִשְׁעֶה אֶל הַמִזְבְּחֹות (שם יז, ח), ולא מצאתי שמוש של בי"ת סמוכה לאחריהם, אבל אחר לשון דבור כמתעסק לדבר בדבר, נופל לשון שמוש בי"ת, כגון הַנִּדְבָּרִים בְּךָ (יחזקאל לג, ל), וַתְּדַבֵּר מִרְיָם וְאַהֲרֹן בְּמֹשֶה (במדבר יב, א), הַמַּלְאָךְ הַדֹּבֵר בִּי (זכריה ד, א), לְדַבֵּר בָּם (דברים יא, יט), וַאֲדַבְּרָה בְעֵדֹותֶיךָ (תהלים קיט, מה), אף כאן אל ישעו בדברי שקר, אל יהיו נדברים בדברי שוא והבאי:
Let them not talk about false ideas. Let them not constantly think about and talk about nonsensical ideas, saying: “Let us go and sacrifice.” Similar to this is: “(וְאֶשְׁעָה) I will speak of Your Laws constantly.” [The words:] לְמָשָׁל וְלִשְׁנִינָה are translated by Onkelos as: לְשׁוֹעֵי — “[an example and a topic of] talk. ” וַיְסַפֵּר — and he related [is translated:] וְאִשְׁתָּעִי . It is impossible to say that יִשְׁעוּ has the same meaning as: “God (וַיִשַׁע) turned to Hevel, etc. but, to Kayin and his gift (לֹא שָׁעָה) He did not turn,” and, therefore וְאַל יִשְׁעוּ would mean: “Do not turn,” for if this were so, the Torah should have written: “And do not turn (אֶל) to false ideas” or לְדִבְרֵי שָׁקֶר [instead of אֶל דִבְרֵי שָׁקֶר], because this is the form of them all: [such as:] “(יִשְׁעֶה הָאָדָם עַל) Man shall turn to his Maker;” [or:] “(יִשְׁעֶה אֶל) He shall not turn to the altars.” “(שָׁעוּ עַל) They do not turn to the Holy One of Israel” Never have I found the prefix ב' following them (i.e., שָׁעָה in the sense of turn). But after words meaning speaking in the sense of being involved in speaking of something, it is appropriate to use the prefix ב' . E.g., “Those who have a discussion (בְּךָ) about you” [or:] “Miriam and Aharon spoke (בְּמשֶׁה) about Moshe” [or:] “The angel who spoke (בִּי) about me” [or:] “to speak (בָּם) about them” [or:] “I will speak (בְּעֵדֹתֶיךָ) of Your testimonies.” Here, too, אַל יִשְׁעוּ בְדִבְרֵי שָׁקֶר [means]: “Let them not talk about useless, nonsensical things.”
וַיֵּצְאוּ נֹגְשֵׂי הָעָם וְשֹׁטְרָיו וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֶל־הָעָם לֵאמֹר כֹּה אָמַר פַּרְעֹה אֵינֶנִּי נֹתֵן לָכֶם תֶּֽבֶן׃
They went out—the taskmasters of the people and their officers—and spoke to the people, saying, “This is what Pharaoh said, ‘I will no longer give you straw.
They went out—the taskmasters of the people and their officers—and spoke to the people, saying, “This is what Pharaoh said, ‘I will no longer give you straw.
אַתֶּם לְכוּ קְחוּ לָכֶם תֶּבֶן מֵאֲשֶׁר תִּמְצָאוּ כִּי אֵין נִגְרָע מֵעֲבֹדַתְכֶם דָּבָֽר׃
You must go get your own straw wherever you can find it, but your workload must not be reduced.’”
You must go get your own straw wherever you can find it, but your workload must not be reduced.’”
Rashi
אתם לכו קחו לכם תבן. וצריכים אתם לילך בזריזות, כי אין נגרע דבר מכל סכום לְבֵנִים שהייתם עושים ליום בהיות התבן נִתַּן לכם מזומן מבית המלך:
You [must] go get your own straw. “And you must go with zeal — but [your workload] must not be reduced — by any amount from the total number of bricks that you had been making per day, when straw was given to you, already prepared, from the king’s warehouse.”
וַיָּפֶץ הָעָם בְּכׇל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם לְקֹשֵׁשׁ קַשׁ לַתֶּֽבֶן׃
The people spread out all over Egypt to gather grain-chaff for straw.
The people spread out all over Egypt to gather grain-chaff for straw.
Rashi
לקשש קש לתבן. לאסוף אסיפה, ללקוט לקט לצורך תבן הטיט:
To gather grain-chaff for straw. [לְקשֵׁשׁ קַשׁ means:] to collect a gathering, to put together a collection [לַתֶּבֶן meaning:] for the purpose of the straw for the clay.
קש. לשון לקוט, על שם שדבר המתפזר הוא וצריך לקוששו, קרוי קש בשאר מקומות:
Kash — is a term meaning: gathering. It is because it is something which disperses and requires (קשֵׁשׁ) gathering, [straw] is referred to as קַשׁ in other places.
וְהַנֹּגְשִׂים אָצִים לֵאמֹר כַּלּוּ מַעֲשֵׂיכֶם דְּבַר־יוֹם בְּיוֹמוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר בִּהְיוֹת הַתֶּֽבֶן׃
The taskmasters pressured them saying, “You must complete your daily work [quota], just as [before] when there was straw.”
The taskmasters pressured them saying, “You must complete your daily work [quota], just as [before] when there was straw.”
Rashi
אצים. דוחקים:
Pressured. [אָצִים does not mean hurried, but rather] pressured.
דבר יום ביומו. חשבון של כל יום כַּלּוּ ביומו, כאשר עשיתם בהיות התבן מוכן:
Daily work. [I.e.] “Complete each day’s quota on time as you did when the straw was already prepared.”
וַיֻּכּוּ שֹֽׁטְרֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר־שָׂמוּ עֲלֵהֶם נֹגְשֵׂי פַרְעֹה לֵאמֹר מַדּוּעַ לֹא כִלִּיתֶם חׇקְכֶם לִלְבֹּן כִּתְמוֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם גַּם־תְּמוֹל גַּם־הַיּֽוֹם׃
The officers of the B’nei Yisrael were beaten—those whom Pharaoh’s taskmasters had appointed—and were told, “Why have you not completed your quotas of brick making as you did yesterday and before neither yesterday, nor today?”
The officers of the B’nei Yisrael were beaten—those whom Pharaoh’s taskmasters had appointed—and were told, “Why have you not completed your quotas of brick making as you did yesterday and before neither yesterday, nor today?”
Rashi
ויכו שטרי בני ישראל. השוטרים ישראלים היו, וחסים על חבריהם מלדחקם, וכשהיו משלימין הַלְּבֵנִים לנוגשים שהם מצריים, והיה חסר מן הסכום, היו מלקין אותם על שלא דחקו את עושי המלאכה, לפיכך זכו אותן שוטרים להיות סנהדרין, ונאצל מן הרוח אשר על משה והושם עליהם, שנאמר אספה לי שבעים איש מזקני ישראל, מאותן שידעת הטובה שעשו במצרים, כי הם זקני העם ושוטריו:
The officers of the B’nei Yisrael were beaten. The officers were Israelites and they took pity on their fellow-men and did not pressure them and when they tallied the bricks for the taskmasters, who were Egyptians and they fell short of the quota, they [the Egyptians] would beat them (the officers) for not pressuring the workers. It is for this reason that these officers merited to become [members of] the Sanhedrin and some of the holy spirit which was on Moshe was set apart and put on them. As it is said: “Gather to me seventy men of the Elders of Israel” i.e., “of those about whom you know of the good that they did in Egypt, for they are the elders of the people and its officers.”
ויכו שטרי בני ישראל. אשר שָׂמוּ נגשי פרעה אותם לשוטרים עליהם, לאמר מדוע וגו', למה ויכו, שהיו אומרים להם מדוע לא כליתם גם תמול גם היום, חק הקצוב עליכם ללבון כתמול השלישי, שהוא יום שלפני אתמול, והוא היה בהיות התבן נתן להם:
The officers of the B’nei Yisrael were beaten. [Those officers] that Pharaoh’s taskmasters appointed to be officers over them (the B’nei Yisrael). And were told, “Why, etc.?” Why were they beaten? Because they would say to them, “Why have you not completed neither yesterday, nor today the quota that has been set upon you to make bricks, [כִּתְמוֹל הַשְּׁלִישִׁי] as you did the ‘third yesterday’” which is the day before yesterday which was when the straw was given to them.
ויכו. לשון וַיּוּפְעֲלוּ, הוכו מיד אחרים, הנוגשים הכום:
[The word] וַיֻּכּוּ — grammatically means: they were recipients of an act, [i.e.] they were beaten by others. The taskmasters beat them.
וַיָּבֹאוּ שֹֽׁטְרֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּצְעֲקוּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹה לֵאמֹר לָמָּה תַעֲשֶׂה כֹה לַעֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃
The officers of the B’nei Yisrael came and cried out to Pharaoh, saying “Why are you doing this to your slaves?
The officers of the B’nei Yisrael came and cried out to Pharaoh, saying “Why are you doing this to your slaves?
תֶּבֶן אֵין נִתָּן לַעֲבָדֶיךָ וּלְבֵנִים אֹמְרִים לָנוּ עֲשׂוּ וְהִנֵּה עֲבָדֶיךָ מֻכִּים וְחָטָאת עַמֶּֽךָ׃
Your slaves are not given straw, and yet we are told to make bricks. Your slaves are beaten, and it is a sin for your people.”
Your slaves are not given straw, and yet we are told to make bricks. Your slaves are beaten, and it is a sin for your people.”
Rashi
ולבנים אומרים לנו עשו. הנוגשים אומרים לנו עשו לְבֵנִים כמנין הראשון:
And yet we are told to make bricks. [I.e.] the taskmasters tell us, “Make bricks to equal the earlier amount.”
וחטאת עמך. אלו היה נקוד פתח, הייתי אומר שהוא דבוק, ודבר זה חטאת עמך הוא, עכשיו שהוא קמץ, שם דבר הוא, וכך פירושו, ודבר זה מביא חטאת על עמך, כאילו כתוב וחטאת לעמך, כמו כְּבֹואָנָה בֵּית לֶחֶם (רות א, יט), שהוא כמו לבית לחם, וכן הרבה:
And it is a sin for your people. If וחטאת had been vocalized with a patach (וחטַאת), I would have said that it is in the construct state [and it would have meant:] “And this thing is the sin of your people.” But now that it is a kametz (וחטָאת), it is an [independent] noun and this is its meaning: “and this thing brings sin to your people,” as if it were written: “וְחַטָּאת לְעַמֶּךָ” “It will be a sin to your people” as in כְּבוֹאָנָה בֵּית לֶחֶם — “when they came to Beis Lechem” which is the same as לְבֵית לֶחֶם — to Beis Lechem, and there are many such instances.
וַיֹּאמֶר נִרְפִּים אַתֶּם נִרְפִּים עַל־כֵּן אַתֶּם אֹֽמְרִים נֵלְכָה נִזְבְּחָה לַֽיהֹוָֽה׃
He said, “You are lazy, therefore you say, ‘Let us go sacrifice to Adonoy.’
He said, “You are lazy, therefore you say, ‘Let us go sacrifice to Adonoy.’
וְעַתָּה לְכוּ עִבְדוּ וְתֶבֶן לֹא־יִנָּתֵן לָכֶם וְתֹכֶן לְבֵנִים תִּתֵּֽנוּ׃
Now go, get to work. You will not be given straw, and you must deliver your quota of bricks.”
Now go, get to work. You will not be given straw, and you must deliver your quota of bricks.”
Rashi
ותכן לבנים. חשבון הַלְּבֵנִים, וכן אֶת הַכֶּסֶף הַמְתֻכָּן (מלכים־ ב יב, יב), המנוי, כמו שאמר בענין וַיָצֻרוּ וַיִּמְנוּ אֶת הַכֶּסֶף (שם יא):
Quota of bricks. [וְתֹכֶן לְבֵנִים means:] the number of bricks. Similarly: “The money (הַמְתֻכָּן)” — that was counted — as is mentioned in that narrative: “They wrapped it and counted the money.”
וַיִּרְאוּ שֹֽׁטְרֵי בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֹתָם בְּרָע לֵאמֹר לֹא־תִגְרְעוּ מִלִּבְנֵיכֶם דְּבַר־יוֹם בְּיוֹמֽוֹ׃
The officers of the B’nei Yisrael realized their bad position, saying, “You must not reduce your daily quota of bricks.”
The officers of the B’nei Yisrael realized their bad position, saying, “You must not reduce your daily quota of bricks.”
Rashi
ויראו שוטרי בני ישראל. את חבריהם הנרדים על ידם:
The officers of the B’nei Yisrael realized. that their fellow men who were ruled by them.
ברע. ראו אותם ברעה וצרה המוצאת אותם, בהכבידם העבודה עליהם לאמר לא תגרעו וגו':
Bad position. They saw them in the bad and oppressive state which came upon them when they had to increase their work-load when they were told “Do not diminish, etc.”
וַֽיִּפְגְּעוּ אֶת־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן נִצָּבִים לִקְרָאתָם בְּצֵאתָם מֵאֵת פַּרְעֹֽה׃
They met Moshe and Aharon who were waiting to meet them as they were leaving Pharaoh.
They met Moshe and Aharon who were waiting to meet them as they were leaving Pharaoh.
Rashi
ויפגעו. אנשים מישראל את משה ואת אהרן וגו'. ורבותינו דרשו, כל נצים ונצבים דתן ואבירם היו, שנאמר בהם יצאו נצבים:
They met. Some of the B’nei Yisrael [met] Moshe and Aharon, etc. However, our Sages explained [that] wherever נִצִּים — quarreling or נִצָּבִים — standing [appear] it is a reference to Doson and Aviram for it is said about them: “They went out (נִצָּבִים) standing.”
וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֲלֵהֶם יֵרֶא יְהֹוָה עֲלֵיכֶם וְיִשְׁפֹּט אֲשֶׁר הִבְאַשְׁתֶּם אֶת־רֵיחֵנוּ בְּעֵינֵי פַרְעֹה וּבְעֵינֵי עֲבָדָיו לָֽתֶת־חֶרֶב בְּיָדָם לְהׇרְגֵֽנוּ׃
They said to them [Moshe and Aharon], “Let Adonoy look at you and judge. You have made our aroma abhorrent in the eyes of Pharaoh and in the eyes of his servants, putting a sword in their hands to kill us.”
They said to them [Moshe and Aharon], “Let Adonoy look at you and judge. You have made our aroma abhorrent in the eyes of Pharaoh and in the eyes of his servants, putting a sword in their hands to kill us.”
וַיָּשׇׁב מֹשֶׁה אֶל־יְהֹוָה וַיֹּאמַר אֲדֹנָי לָמָה הֲרֵעֹתָה לָעָם הַזֶּה לָמָּה זֶּה שְׁלַחְתָּֽנִי׃
Moshe returned to Adonoy and said, “My Master. Why have You brought harm to this people? Why did You send me?
Moshe returned to Adonoy and said, “My Master. Why have You brought harm to this people? Why did You send me?
Rashi
למה הרעתה לעם הזה. ואם תאמר מה איכפת לך, קוֹבֵל אני על ששלחתני (שמו"ר ה, כב):
“Why have You brought harm to this people?” [Moshe meant:] “Should You say, ‘what concern is this of yours?’ I am complaining that You sent me.”
וּמֵאָז בָּאתִי אֶל־פַּרְעֹה לְדַבֵּר בִּשְׁמֶךָ הֵרַע לָעָם הַזֶּה וְהַצֵּל לֹא־הִצַּלְתָּ אֶת־עַמֶּֽךָ׃
Ever since I came to Pharaoh to speak in Your Name, he has done harm to this people; and You have not rescued Your people.”
Ever since I came to Pharaoh to speak in Your Name, he has done harm to this people; and You have not rescued Your people.”
Rashi
הרע. לשון הפעיל הוא, הרבה רעה עליהם, ותרגומו אַבְאֵישׁ:
He has done harm [to] הֵרַע is in the hiphil (causative) form, [i.e.] “he has caused an increase of harm upon them.” Onkelos translates [הֵרַע]: אַבְאֵשׁ — he has mistreated.
Shemot 6
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה עַתָּה תִרְאֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶֽעֱשֶׂה לְפַרְעֹה כִּי בְיָד חֲזָקָה יְשַׁלְּחֵם וּבְיָד חֲזָקָה יְגָרְשֵׁם מֵאַרְצֽוֹ׃ {ס}
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Now you will see what I will do to Pharaoh, for by [My] strong hand he will let them go, and by [a] strong hand, he will drive them out of his land.”
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Now you will see what I will do to Pharaoh, for by [My] strong hand he will let them go, and by [a] strong hand, he will drive them out of his land.”
Rashi
עתה תראה וגו'. (סנהדרין קיא.) הרהרת על מדותי, לא כאברהם שאמרתי לו כִּי בְיִצְחָק יִקָּרֵא לְךָ זָרַע (בראשית כא, יב), ואחר כך אמרתי לו העלהו לעולה, ולא הרהר אחרי מדותי, לפיכך עתה תראה, העשוי לפרעה תראה, ולא העשוי למלכי שבעה אומות כשאביאם לארץ:
Now you will see, etc. “You have questioned My ways, not as Avraham, to whom I said, ‘for through Yitzchok will you have descendants,’ and afterwards, I said to him, ‘Bring him up as an olah sacrifice,’ yet, he did not question My ways. Therefore: “Now you will see. Only that which will be done to Pharaoh will you see, but not which will be done to the kings of the seven nations when I bring them (Yisrael) to the land.
כי ביד חזקה ישלחם. מפני ידי החזקה שתחזק עליו, ישלחם:
For by [My] strong hand he will let them go. [Meaning:] “Due to My strong hand which will overpower Pharaoh will he let them go.
וביד חזקה יגרשם מארצו. על כרחם של ישראל יגרשם, ולא יספיקו לעשות להם צדה, וכן הוא אומר ותחזק מצרים על העם למהר לשלחם וגו':
And by a strong hand he will drive them from his land. He will drive them out against their will so that they will not have a chance to prepare provisions [for the journey]. And so it is said: “The Egyptians pressed the people” — to hurry and send them away.
ואחר באו משה ואהרן וגו'. אבל הזקנים נשמטו אחד אחד מאחר משה ואהרן, עד שנשמטו כולם קודם שהגיעו לפלטין, לפי שיראו ללכת (שמו"ר ה, יד), ובסיני נפרע להם, ונגש משה לבדו והם לא יגשו, החזירם לאחוריהם:
Afterwards Moshe and Aharon went, etc. But the elders slipped away one by one from behind Moshe and Aharon, until they had all slipped away before they reached the palace, for they were afraid to go. They received their retribution at Sinai: “Moshe, alone, drew near to Adonoy but they (the elders) did not draw near.” [for] He (God) made them turn back.