Shemot
Vaera, Aliyah 5 וארא, חמישי
Part of: VaeraVaera, Aliyah 5Chapter 8Petuchah, Exodus 7:26Setumah, Exodus 8:12Setumah, Exodus 8:16
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Shemot 8
וְסָרוּ הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִים מִמְּךָ וּמִבָּתֶּיךָ וּמֵעֲבָדֶיךָ וּמֵעַמֶּךָ רַק בַּיְאֹר תִּשָּׁאַֽרְנָה׃
The frogs will be removed from you, from your houses, from your servants and from your people. They will remain only in the river.
The frogs will be removed from you, from your houses, from your servants and from your people. They will remain only in the river.
וַיֵּצֵא מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן מֵעִם פַּרְעֹה וַיִּצְעַק מֹשֶׁה אֶל־יְהֹוָה עַל־דְּבַר הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִים אֲשֶׁר־שָׂם לְפַרְעֹֽה׃
Moshe and Aharon left Pharaoh, and Moshe cried out to Adonoy concerning the frogs that He had set upon Pharaoh.
Moshe and Aharon left Pharaoh, and Moshe cried out to Adonoy concerning the frogs that He had set upon Pharaoh.
Rashi
וַיַּעַשׂ יְהֹוָה כִּדְבַר מֹשֶׁה וַיָּמֻתוּ הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִים מִן־הַבָּתִּים מִן־הַחֲצֵרֹת וּמִן־הַשָּׂדֹֽת׃
Adonoy did as Moshe said, the frogs died, [those that were in] the houses, the courtyards, and the fields.
Adonoy did as Moshe said, the frogs died, [those that were in] the houses, the courtyards, and the fields.
וַיִּצְבְּרוּ אֹתָם חֳמָרִם חֳמָרִם וַתִּבְאַשׁ הָאָֽרֶץ׃
They gathered them into [many] heaps, and the land was polluted.
They gathered them into [many] heaps, and the land was polluted.
Rashi
חמרם חמרם. צְבוּרִים צְבוּרִים, כתרגומו דְּגוֹרִין, גַּלִּין:
Many heaps. [חֳמָרִים חֳמָרִים means] heaps [or mounds], as Onkelos translates it דְגוֹרִין which means heaps.
וַיַּרְא פַּרְעֹה כִּי הָֽיְתָה הָֽרְוָחָה וְהַכְבֵּד אֶת־לִבּוֹ וְלֹא שָׁמַע אֲלֵהֶם כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר יְהֹוָֽה׃ {ס}
[When] Pharaoh saw that there was respite, he hardened his heart and did not listen to them, just as Adonoy had spoken.
[When] Pharaoh saw that there was respite, he hardened his heart and did not listen to them, just as Adonoy had spoken.
Rashi
והכבד את לבו. לשון פעול הוא, כמו הָלֹוךְ וְנָסֹועַ (בראשית יב, ט), וכן וְהַכֹּות אֶת מֹואָב (מלכים־ב ג, כד), וְשָׁאֹול לֹו בֵּאלֹהִים (שמואל־א כב, יג), הַכֵּה וּפָצֹעַ (מלכים־א כ, לז):
He hardened his heart. [The word הַכְבֵּד] is in the infinitive form the same as הָלוֹךְ וְנָסוֹעַ “going and travelling,” and similarly “וְהַכּוֹת (striking) the Moabites,” [or:] “וְשָׁאוֹל (and asking) Hashem for him” [or:] “הַכֵּה וּפָצֹעַ striking and wounding.”
כאשר דבר ה'. והיכן דבר, ולא ישמע אליכם פרעה:
Just as Adonoy had spoken. And where had He said this? When He said, “Pharaoh will not listen to you.”
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה אֱמֹר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן נְטֵה אֶֽת־מַטְּךָ וְהַךְ אֶת־עֲפַר הָאָרֶץ וְהָיָה לְכִנִּם בְּכׇל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Say to Aharon, Extend your rod and strike the dust of the earth; and it will turn into lice throughout the whole land of Egypt.”
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Say to Aharon, Extend your rod and strike the dust of the earth; and it will turn into lice throughout the whole land of Egypt.”
Rashi
אמר אל אהרן. לא היה העפר כדאי ללקות על ידי משה, לפי שהגין עליו כשהרג את המצרי ויטמנהו בחול, ולקה על ידי אהרן:
Say to Aharon. It was not fitting that the dust be struck by Moshe because it protected him when he killed the Egyptian and hid him in the sand and was [instead] struck by Aharon.
וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵן וַיֵּט אַהֲרֹן אֶת־יָדוֹ בְמַטֵּהוּ וַיַּךְ אֶת־עֲפַר הָאָרֶץ וַתְּהִי הַכִּנָּם בָּאָדָם וּבַבְּהֵמָה כׇּל־עֲפַר הָאָרֶץ הָיָה כִנִּים בְּכׇל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
They did so. Aharon extended his hand with his rod and struck the dust of the earth, and there was lice on man and beast. All the dust of the earth turned into lice throughout the whole land of Egypt.
They did so. Aharon extended his hand with his rod and struck the dust of the earth, and there was lice on man and beast. All the dust of the earth turned into lice throughout the whole land of Egypt.
Rashi
ותהי הכנם. הָרְחִישָׁה, פדוליר"א בלע"ז:
And there was lice (lit. louse). [הַכִּנָם refers to] the swarm of lice. Pedoliere in Old French — swarming lice.
וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵן הַחַרְטֻמִּים בְּלָטֵיהֶם לְהוֹצִיא אֶת־הַכִּנִּים וְלֹא יָכֹלוּ וַתְּהִי הַכִּנָּם בָּאָדָם וּבַבְּהֵמָֽה׃
The sorcerers did likewise with their magic art. They tried to bring forth lice but they could not, and there were lice on man and beast.
The sorcerers did likewise with their magic art. They tried to bring forth lice but they could not, and there were lice on man and beast.
Rashi
להוציא את הכנים. לבראותם (נ"א ולהוציאם) ממקום אחר:
To bring forth lice. [Meaning] to create them from elsewhere.
ולא יכלו. שאין השד שולט על בריה פחותה מכשעורה:
But they could not — because a demon has no power over a creature that is smaller than barley.
וַיֹּאמְרוּ הַֽחַרְטֻמִּם אֶל־פַּרְעֹה אֶצְבַּע אֱלֹהִים הִוא וַיֶּחֱזַק לֵב־פַּרְעֹה וְלֹֽא־שָׁמַע אֲלֵהֶם כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר יְהֹוָֽה׃ {ס}
The sorcerers said to Pharaoh, “This is the finger of Elohim;” but Pharaoh’s heart remained hardened and he did not listen to them, as Adonoy had spoken.
The sorcerers said to Pharaoh, “This is the finger of Elohim;” but Pharaoh’s heart remained hardened and he did not listen to them, as Adonoy had spoken.
Rashi
אצבע אלהים היא. מכה זו אינה על ידי כשפים, מאת המקום היא:
“This is the finger of Elohim.” [I.e.,] this plague was not brought about by witchcraft — it is from Hashem.
כאשר דבר ה'. ולא ישמע אליכם פרעה:
As Adonoy had spoken. “Pharaoh will not listen to you.”
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה הַשְׁכֵּם בַּבֹּקֶר וְהִתְיַצֵּב לִפְנֵי פַרְעֹה הִנֵּה יוֹצֵא הַמָּיְמָה וְאָמַרְתָּ אֵלָיו כֹּה אָמַר יְהֹוָה שַׁלַּח עַמִּי וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Rise up early in the morning and set yourself before Pharaoh, when he goes out to the water, and say to him, ‘This is what Adonoy has said, ‘Send out My people so they may worship Me.
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Rise up early in the morning and set yourself before Pharaoh, when he goes out to the water, and say to him, ‘This is what Adonoy has said, ‘Send out My people so they may worship Me.
כִּי אִם־אֵינְךָ מְשַׁלֵּחַ אֶת־עַמִּי הִנְנִי מַשְׁלִיחַ בְּךָ וּבַעֲבָדֶיךָ וּֽבְעַמְּךָ וּבְבָתֶּיךָ אֶת־הֶעָרֹב וּמָלְאוּ בָּתֵּי מִצְרַיִם אֶת־הֶעָרֹב וְגַם הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר־הֵם עָלֶֽיהָ׃
For if you do not send out My people, behold, I will send against you and your servants, and your nation, and your houses, swarms of wild animals. The houses of Egypt will be full of the wild animals, and so too the ground upon which they stand.
For if you do not send out My people, behold, I will send against you and your servants, and your nation, and your houses, swarms of wild animals. The houses of Egypt will be full of the wild animals, and so too the ground upon which they stand.
Rashi
משליח בך. מגרה בך, וכן וְשֶׁן בְּהֵמֹת אֲשַלַּח בָּם (דברים לב, כד), לשון שסוי אינציט"ר בלע"ז:
I will send against you. [Meaning] incite against you. Similarly, it is said, (Devorim 32:24) “And the teeth of the animals will I send [אֲשַׁלַּח] against them,” [אֲשַׁלַּח] being a term of incitement. Enticier in Old French — to incite.
את הערב. כל מיני חיות רעות ונחשים ועקרבים בערבוביא, והיו משחיתים בהם. ויש טעם בדבר באגדה בכל מכה ומכה למה זו ולמה זו, בטכסיסי מלחמות מלכים בא עליהם, כסדר מלכות, כשצרה על עיר, בתחלה מקלקל מעיינותיה, ואחר כך תוקעין עליהם ומריעין בשופרות ליראם ולבהלם, וכן הצפרדעים מקרקרים והומים וכו', כדאי' במדרש רבי תנחומא (בא ד):
Swarms of wild animals. All kinds of wild beasts, snakes and scorpions, en masse (בְעִרְבוּבִיָא from עָרֹב — a mixture), who caused devastation among them. There is a reason in aggadic writings for each and every plague why this particular one and why that particular one. With similar strategies of war as employed by kings did He (Hashem) come against them — as does a kingdom that besieges a city. First it ruins its springs (water supply) and afterwards they sound trumpets against them in order to frighten and terrify them: the frogs thus croaked and made loud noises, etc., as is recorded in Midrash Rabbi Tanchuma.
וְהִפְלֵיתִי בַיּוֹם הַהוּא אֶת־אֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן אֲשֶׁר עַמִּי עֹמֵד עָלֶיהָ לְבִלְתִּי הֱיֽוֹת־שָׁם עָרֹב לְמַעַן תֵּדַע כִּי אֲנִי יְהֹוָה בְּקֶרֶב הָאָֽרֶץ׃
On that day, I will set apart the land of Goshen upon which My people stand [dwell], so that there will not be any wild animals there, so that you will know that I am Adonoy in the midst of the earth.
On that day, I will set apart the land of Goshen upon which My people stand [dwell], so that there will not be any wild animals there, so that you will know that I am Adonoy in the midst of the earth.
Rashi
והפליתי. והפרשתי, וכן וְהִפְלָה ה' (שמות ט, ד), וכן לֹא נִפְלֵאת הִיא מִמְּךָ (דברים ל, יא), לא מובדלת ומופרשת היא ממך:
I will set apart. [וְהִפְלֵיתִי means] I will set apart. Similarly: וְהִפְלָה ה' — “Hashem will set apart.” Similarly: “It is not נִפְלֵאת from You,” [meaning] it is not set apart nor separated from You.
למען תדע כי אני ה' בקרב הארץ. אע"פ ששכינתי בשמים, גזרתי מתקיימת בתחתונים:
So that you will know that I am Adonoy in the midst of the earth. Though My Divine Presence is in the heavens, My decree is fulfilled in the lower worlds.
ויצא. ויצעק. מיד, שיכרתו למחר:
They left — [and Moshe] cried out. [He cried out] immediately that they be destroyed by tomorrow.