Shemot
Vaera, Aliyah 6 וארא, שישי
Part of: VaeraVaera, Aliyah 6Chapter 8Chapter 9Petuchah, Exodus 9:1Petuchah, Exodus 9:8Setumah, Exodus 8:16Setumah, Exodus 9:13
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Shemot 8
וְשַׂמְתִּי פְדֻת בֵּין עַמִּי וּבֵין עַמֶּךָ לְמָחָר יִהְיֶה הָאֹת הַזֶּֽה׃
I will set a [sign of] deliverance (distinction) between My people and between your people. This sign will take place tomorrow.”
I will set a [sign of] deliverance (distinction) between My people and between your people. This sign will take place tomorrow.”
Rashi
וַיַּעַשׂ יְהֹוָה כֵּן וַיָּבֹא עָרֹב כָּבֵד בֵּיתָה פַרְעֹה וּבֵית עֲבָדָיו וּבְכׇל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם תִּשָּׁחֵת הָאָרֶץ מִפְּנֵי הֶעָרֹֽב׃
Adonoy did so. Huge throngs of wild animals came to the house of Pharaoh and the houses of his servants. Throughout the whole land of Egypt the land was devastated by the wild animals.
Adonoy did so. Huge throngs of wild animals came to the house of Pharaoh and the houses of his servants. Throughout the whole land of Egypt the land was devastated by the wild animals.
Rashi
תשחת הארץ. נשחתה הארץ, אִתְחַבָּלַת אַרְעָא:
The land was devastated. [תִשָּׁחֵת הָאָרֶץ means:] the land was devastated; [as Onkelos translates it] אִתְחַבָּלַת אַרְעָא (past tense).
וַיִּקְרָא פַרְעֹה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹן וַיֹּאמֶר לְכוּ זִבְחוּ לֵאלֹֽהֵיכֶם בָּאָֽרֶץ׃
Pharaoh called for Moshe and Aharon, and he said, “Go! Sacrifice to your God [here] in the land.”
Pharaoh called for Moshe and Aharon, and he said, “Go! Sacrifice to your God [here] in the land.”
Rashi
זבחו לאלהיכם בארץ. במקומכם, ולא תלכו במדבר:
“Sacrifice to your God [here] in the land.” [I.e.] “where you are, and do not go into the wilderness.”
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה לֹא נָכוֹן לַעֲשׂוֹת כֵּן כִּי תּוֹעֲבַת מִצְרַיִם נִזְבַּח לַיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ הֵן נִזְבַּח אֶת־תּוֹעֲבַת מִצְרַיִם לְעֵינֵיהֶם וְלֹא יִסְקְלֻֽנוּ׃
Moshe said, “It would not be proper to do so. For that which is abominable [sacred] to Egypt we intend to sacrifice to Adonoy, our God. Could we sacrifice the abomination of the Egyptians before their eyes and not have them stone us?
Moshe said, “It would not be proper to do so. For that which is abominable [sacred] to Egypt we intend to sacrifice to Adonoy, our God. Could we sacrifice the abomination of the Egyptians before their eyes and not have them stone us?
Rashi
תועבת מצרים. יראת מצרים, כמו וּלְמִלְכֹּם תֹּועֲבַת בְּנֵי עַמֹּון (מלכים־ב כג, יג), ואצל ישראל קורא אותם תועבה. ועוד יש לומר בלשון אחר תועבת מצרים, דבר שנאוי הוא למצרים זביחה שאנו זובחים, שהרי יראתם אנו זובחים:
Abominable to Egypt. [Actually] that which Egypt reveres (i.e., its idols) as in “and for Milkom the (תוֹעֲבַת) abomination of B’nei Ammon” but only when speaking to Israel is it called abominable. תּוֹעֲבַת מִצְרַיִם can also be explained another way: It would be despicable to Egypt [to witness] the sacrifice which we are sacrificing for it is their god that we sacrifice.
ולא יסקלנו. בתמיה:
And not have them stone us? [Meant as] a wondrous question.
דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים נֵלֵךְ בַּמִּדְבָּר וְזָבַחְנוּ לַֽיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר יֹאמַר אֵלֵֽינוּ׃
We must make a three day trip into the wilderness, and sacrifice to Adonoy, our God, in the manner that He will tell us.”
We must make a three day trip into the wilderness, and sacrifice to Adonoy, our God, in the manner that He will tell us.”
וַיֹּאמֶר פַּרְעֹה אָנֹכִי אֲשַׁלַּח אֶתְכֶם וּזְבַחְתֶּם לַיהֹוָה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם בַּמִּדְבָּר רַק הַרְחֵק לֹא־תַרְחִיקוּ לָלֶכֶת הַעְתִּירוּ בַּעֲדִֽי׃
Pharaoh, said, “I will send you out so that you may sacrifice to Adonoy, your God in the wilderness, as long as you do not go too far away. Pray for me.”
Pharaoh, said, “I will send you out so that you may sacrifice to Adonoy, your God in the wilderness, as long as you do not go too far away. Pray for me.”
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי יוֹצֵא מֵֽעִמָּךְ וְהַעְתַּרְתִּי אֶל־יְהֹוָה וְסָר הֶעָרֹב מִפַּרְעֹה מֵעֲבָדָיו וּמֵעַמּוֹ מָחָר רַק אַל־יֹסֵף פַּרְעֹה הָתֵל לְבִלְתִּי שַׁלַּח אֶת־הָעָם לִזְבֹּחַ לַֽיהֹוָֽה׃
Moshe said, “Behold, when I leave your presence I will pray to Adonoy, and the wild animals will depart from Pharaoh, and from his servants and from his people, tomorrow. But let Pharaoh never again deceive us [by] refusing to send the people to sacrifice to Adonoy.”
Moshe said, “Behold, when I leave your presence I will pray to Adonoy, and the wild animals will depart from Pharaoh, and from his servants and from his people, tomorrow. But let Pharaoh never again deceive us [by] refusing to send the people to sacrifice to Adonoy.”
Rashi
התל. כמו להתל:
Deceive us. [הָתֵל is] the same as לְהָתֵל .
וַיֵּצֵא מֹשֶׁה מֵעִם פַּרְעֹה וַיֶּעְתַּר אֶל־יְהֹוָֽה׃
Moshe went out from Pharaoh[’s presence] and prayed to Adonoy.
Moshe went out from Pharaoh[’s presence] and prayed to Adonoy.
Rashi
ויעתר אל ה'. נתאמץ בתפלה, וכן אם בא לומר ויעתיר, היה יכול לומר, ומשמע וירבה בתפלה, עכשיו כשהוא אומר בלשון ויפעל, משמע וירבה להתפלל:
And prayed to Adonoy. [וַיֶּעְתַּר means] he exerted himself in prayer. Similarly, had he wished to say וַיַּעְתִּיר he could have said so and it would mean he used many [words] of prayer. Now that he says it in terms of וַיִּפְעַל it means he increased [the intensity] of the prayer.
וַיַּעַשׂ יְהֹוָה כִּדְבַר מֹשֶׁה וַיָּסַר הֶעָרֹב מִפַּרְעֹה מֵעֲבָדָיו וּמֵעַמּוֹ לֹא נִשְׁאַר אֶחָֽד׃
Adonoy did as Moshe spoke [requested]. He caused the wild animals to depart from Pharaoh from his servants and from his people. Not a single one remained.
Adonoy did as Moshe spoke [requested]. He caused the wild animals to depart from Pharaoh from his servants and from his people. Not a single one remained.
Rashi
ויסר הערוב. ולא מתו כמו שמתו הצפרדעים, שאם מתו יהיה להם הנאה בעורות:
He caused the wild animals to depart. They did not die as did the frogs, for had they died they would have benefitted from the skins.
וַיַּכְבֵּד פַּרְעֹה אֶת־לִבּוֹ גַּם בַּפַּעַם הַזֹּאת וְלֹא שִׁלַּח אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ {פ}
But Pharaoh hardened his heart again, this time and he did not send out the people.
But Pharaoh hardened his heart again, this time and he did not send out the people.
Rashi
גם בפעם הזאת. אע"פ שאמר אנכי אשלח אתכם, לא קיים הבטחתו:
Again this time. [Once more,] though he said, “I will send you out,” he did not keep his promise.
Shemot 9
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה בֹּא אֶל־פַּרְעֹה וְדִבַּרְתָּ אֵלָיו כֹּֽה־אָמַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי הָֽעִבְרִים שַׁלַּח אֶת־עַמִּי וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what Adonoy, God of the Hebrews has said, Send out My people and let them serve Me.
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what Adonoy, God of the Hebrews has said, Send out My people and let them serve Me.
כִּי אִם־מָאֵן אַתָּה לְשַׁלֵּחַ וְעוֹדְךָ מַחֲזִיק בָּֽם׃
For if you refuse to send them out, and continue holding them;
For if you refuse to send them out, and continue holding them;
Rashi
מחזיק בם. אוחז בם, כמו וְהֶחֱזִיקָה בִּמְבֻשָׁיו (דברים כה, יא):
Holding them. [מַחֲזִיק בָּם means] holding them, as in “(וְהֶחֱזִיקָה) and she took hold of his private parts.”
הִנֵּה יַד־יְהֹוָה הוֹיָה בְּמִקְנְךָ אֲשֶׁר בַּשָּׂדֶה בַּסּוּסִים בַּֽחֲמֹרִים בַּגְּמַלִּים בַּבָּקָר וּבַצֹּאן דֶּבֶר כָּבֵד מְאֹֽד׃
behold, the hand of Adonoy is directed at your livestock that are in the field—upon the horses, the donkeys, the camels, the cattle and the sheep—there will be a very heavy [serious] plague.
behold, the hand of Adonoy is directed at your livestock that are in the field—upon the horses, the donkeys, the camels, the cattle and the sheep—there will be a very heavy [serious] plague.
Rashi
הנה יד ה' הויה. לשון הוה, כי כן יאמר בלשון נקבה, על שעבר היתה, ועל העתיד תהיה, ועל העומד הווה, כמו עושה, רוצה, רועה:
Behold, the hand of Adonoy is directed. [הוֹיָה] is in the present tense, for this is how [the verb הָיָה] is expressed in the feminine gender: in the past tense: הָיְתָה — she was, in the future tense: תִּהְיֶה — she shall be, and in the present tense: הוֹיָה — she is; the same form as רוֹעָה, רוֹצָה, עוֹשָׂה .
וְהִפְלָה יְהֹוָה בֵּין מִקְנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבֵין מִקְנֵה מִצְרָיִם וְלֹא יָמוּת מִכׇּל־לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל דָּבָֽר׃
Adonoy will distinguish between the livestock of the [B’nei] Yisrael and the livestock of Egypt. None belonging to the B’nei Yisrael will die.’”
Adonoy will distinguish between the livestock of the [B’nei] Yisrael and the livestock of Egypt. None belonging to the B’nei Yisrael will die.’”
Rashi
והפלה. והבדיל:
[Adonoy] will distinguish. [וְהִפְלָה means] He will set apart.
וַיָּשֶׂם יְהֹוָה מוֹעֵד לֵאמֹר מָחָר יַעֲשֶׂה יְהֹוָה הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה בָּאָֽרֶץ׃
Adonoy has set a time, saying, Tomorrow Adonoy will do this thing in the land.
Adonoy has set a time, saying, Tomorrow Adonoy will do this thing in the land.
וַיַּעַשׂ יְהֹוָה אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה מִֽמׇּחֳרָת וַיָּמׇת כֹּל מִקְנֵה מִצְרָיִם וּמִמִּקְנֵה בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא־מֵת אֶחָֽד׃
Adonoy did this thing on the next day, and all the livestock in Egypt died, but of the livestock of the B’nei Yisrael, not one died.
Adonoy did this thing on the next day, and all the livestock in Egypt died, but of the livestock of the B’nei Yisrael, not one died.
וַיִּשְׁלַח פַּרְעֹה וְהִנֵּה לֹא־מֵת מִמִּקְנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל עַד־אֶחָד וַיִּכְבַּד לֵב פַּרְעֹה וְלֹא שִׁלַּח אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ {פ}
Pharaoh sent [scouts] and behold not a single animal of the B’nei Yisrael died. The heart of Pharaoh remained hard and he did not send out the people.
Pharaoh sent [scouts] and behold not a single animal of the B’nei Yisrael died. The heart of Pharaoh remained hard and he did not send out the people.
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן קְחוּ לָכֶם מְלֹא חׇפְנֵיכֶם פִּיחַ כִּבְשָׁן וּזְרָקוֹ מֹשֶׁה הַשָּׁמַיְמָה לְעֵינֵי פַרְעֹֽה׃
Adonoy spoke to Moshe and Aharon, “Both of you take full handfuls of furnace soot and let Moshe throw it heavenward before the eyes of Pharaoh.
Adonoy spoke to Moshe and Aharon, “Both of you take full handfuls of furnace soot and let Moshe throw it heavenward before the eyes of Pharaoh.
Rashi
מלא חפניכם. ילויינו"ש בלע"ז
Full handfuls. Jelones in Old French — handfuls.
פיח כבשן. דבר הַנִּפָּח מן הגחלים עוממים הנשרפים בכבשן, ובלע"ז אולב"ש. פיח לשון הפחה, שהרוח מפיחן ומפריחן:
Furnace soot. [פִּיחַ is] that which is blown from dying embers that have been burnt in a furnace, in Old French olves — furnace ashes. פִּיחַ having the same root as הַפָּחָה — blowing, for the wind blows and disperses them.
וזרקו משה. וכל דבר הנזרק בכח, אינו נזרק אלא ביד אחת, הרי נסים הרבה, אחד שהחזיק קומצו של משה מלא חפנים שלו ושל אהרן, ואחד שהלך האבק על כל ארץ מצרים:
And let Moshe throw it. And since anything thrown with force is thrown only with one hand, [we may conclude that] there were a number of miracles: One, that Moshe’s one fistful held both his and Aharon’s handfuls. And another, that the soot spread over the entire land of Egypt.
וְהָיָה לְאָבָק עַל כׇּל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם וְהָיָה עַל־הָאָדָם וְעַל־הַבְּהֵמָה לִשְׁחִין פֹּרֵחַ אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת בְּכׇל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
It will become a fine dust [and settle] over the whole land of Egypt. It will settle on man and beast causing a rash which will break out into boils [affecting] the whole land of Egypt.”
It will become a fine dust [and settle] over the whole land of Egypt. It will settle on man and beast causing a rash which will break out into boils [affecting] the whole land of Egypt.”
Rashi
לשחין פרח אבעבועות. כתרגומו לשחין סַגִּי, אֲבַעְבּוּעִין שעל ידו צומחין בהן בועות:
A rash which will break out into boils. As Onkelos translates it: לְשִׁיחֲנָא סַגִּי אַבַעְבּוּעִין, (a rash producing boil) [meaning] that through it (שְׁחִין) boils sprouted all over them.
שחין. לשון חמימות, והרבה יש בלשון משנה, שנה שחונה:
A rash. שְׁחִין has the meaning of heat. There are several instances of this in the Mishnah: [e.g.] שָׁנָה שְׁחוּנָה — “a hot year.”
וַיִּקְחוּ אֶת־פִּיחַ הַכִּבְשָׁן וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ לִפְנֵי פַרְעֹה וַיִּזְרֹק אֹתוֹ מֹשֶׁה הַשָּׁמָיְמָה וַיְהִי שְׁחִין אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת פֹּרֵחַ בָּאָדָם וּבַבְּהֵמָֽה׃
They took the furnace soot and stood before Pharaoh. Moshe threw it heavenward, and it caused a rash which broke into boils in man and beast.
They took the furnace soot and stood before Pharaoh. Moshe threw it heavenward, and it caused a rash which broke into boils in man and beast.
Rashi
באדם ובבהמה. ואם תאמר מאין היו להם הבהמות, והלא כבר נאמר וַיָמָת כֹּל מִקְנֵה מִצְרָיִם, אלא לא נגזרה גזרה אלא על אותן שבשדות בלבד, שנאמר בְּמִקְנְךָ אֲשֶׁר בַּשָׂדֶה, והַיָּרֵא אֶת דְּבַר ה' הֵנִיס אֶת מִקְנֵהוּ אֶל הַבָּתִּים. וכן שנויה במכילתא אצל וַיִקַּח שֵׁשׁ מֵאֹות רֶכֶב בָּחוּר (שמות יד, ז):
In man and beast. Should you ask: from where did they have these animals, has it not already been stated: “and the livestock in Egypt died”? [I would answer] that the decree was only on those [that remained] in the fields exclusively, as it is said: “at your livestock that are in the field,” and whoever feared the word of Hashem made his livestock flee into the house. It is likewise taught in the Mechilta concerning: “He took 600 selected chariots.”
וְלֹֽא־יָכְלוּ הַֽחַרְטֻמִּים לַעֲמֹד לִפְנֵי מֹשֶׁה מִפְּנֵי הַשְּׁחִין כִּֽי־הָיָה הַשְּׁחִין בַּֽחַרְטֻמִּם וּבְכׇל־מִצְרָֽיִם׃
The sorcerers could not stand before Moshe as a result of the rash, for the rash affected the sorcerers as well as all of Egypt.
The sorcerers could not stand before Moshe as a result of the rash, for the rash affected the sorcerers as well as all of Egypt.
וַיְחַזֵּק יְהֹוָה אֶת־לֵב פַּרְעֹה וְלֹא שָׁמַע אֲלֵהֶם כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ {ס}
Adonoy caused Pharaoh’s heart to remain hard and he did not listen to them just as Adonoy had spoken to Moshe.
Adonoy caused Pharaoh’s heart to remain hard and he did not listen to them just as Adonoy had spoken to Moshe.
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה הַשְׁכֵּם בַּבֹּקֶר וְהִתְיַצֵּב לִפְנֵי פַרְעֹה וְאָמַרְתָּ אֵלָיו כֹּֽה־אָמַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי הָֽעִבְרִים שַׁלַּח אֶת־עַמִּי וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Rise early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh, and say to him, ‘This is what Adonoy, God of the Hebrews, has said, “Send out My people and let them serve Me.
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Rise early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh, and say to him, ‘This is what Adonoy, God of the Hebrews, has said, “Send out My people and let them serve Me.
כִּי ׀ בַּפַּעַם הַזֹּאת אֲנִי שֹׁלֵחַ אֶת־כׇּל־מַגֵּפֹתַי אֶֽל־לִבְּךָ וּבַעֲבָדֶיךָ וּבְעַמֶּךָ בַּעֲבוּר תֵּדַע כִּי אֵין כָּמֹנִי בְּכׇל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
For this time, I will send all My plagues against your [very] heart. [They will strike] your servants and your people, so that you will know that there is none like Me in all the earth.
For this time, I will send all My plagues against your [very] heart. [They will strike] your servants and your people, so that you will know that there is none like Me in all the earth.
Rashi
את כל מגפתי. למדנו מכאן, שמכת בכורות שקולה כנגד כל המכות:
All My plagues. We learn from here that מכת בכורות is equivalent to all the plagues.
כִּי עַתָּה שָׁלַחְתִּי אֶת־יָדִי וָאַךְ אוֹתְךָ וְאֶֽת־עַמְּךָ בַּדָּבֶר וַתִּכָּחֵד מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
For now I [could] have extended My hand, and struck you and your people with the pestilence, and you would have been obliterated from the earth.
For now I [could] have extended My hand, and struck you and your people with the pestilence, and you would have been obliterated from the earth.
Rashi
כי עתה שלחתי את ידי וגו'. כי אלו רציתי, כשהיתה ידי במקנך שהכיתים בדבר, שלחתיה והכיתי אותך ואת עמך עם הבהמות: ותכחד מן הארץ. אבל בעבור זאת העמדתיך וגו':
For now. I [could] have extended my hand, etc. I.e., “for had I wished, [then] when My hand was [striking] at your livestock when I struck them with pestilence, I would have sent it and struck you and your people together with the animals — and you would have been obliterated from the earth. but it is for this reason that I have let you survive, etc.
וְאוּלָם בַּעֲבוּר זֹאת הֶעֱמַדְתִּיךָ בַּעֲבוּר הַרְאֹתְךָ אֶת־כֹּחִי וּלְמַעַן סַפֵּר שְׁמִי בְּכׇל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
Nevertheless, for this reason I have let you survive—to show you My strength—so that My Name will be declared throughout all the earth.
Nevertheless, for this reason I have let you survive—to show you My strength—so that My Name will be declared throughout all the earth.
Where next
Keep reading
- Vaera, Aliyah 5
- Vaera, Aliyah 7
- Vaera Parsha
ושמתי פדות. שיבדיל בין עמי ובין עמך:
I will set a [sign of] deliverance — which will set apart My nation from your nation.