Tanach
Shmuel II 17 שמואל ב י״ז
Part of: Petuchah, II Samuel 17:14Setumah, II Samuel 17:1Setumah, II Samuel 17:5Setumah, II Samuel 17:7Setumah, II Samuel 17:14Setumah, II Samuel 17:15Setumah, II Samuel 17:21Setumah, II Samuel 17:24Setumah, II Samuel 17:27
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיֹּאמֶר אֲחִיתֹפֶל אֶל־אַבְשָׁלוֹם אֶבְחֲרָה נָּא שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂר אֶלֶף אִישׁ וְאָקוּמָה וְאֶרְדְּפָה אַֽחֲרֵי־דָוִד הַלָּֽיְלָה׃
Achitophel said to Avsholom, "Let me choose twelve thousand men and I will arise and pursue after Dovid tonight."
Achitophel said to Avsholom, "Let me choose twelve thousand men and I will arise and pursue after Dovid tonight."
וְאָבוֹא עָלָיו וְהוּא יָגֵעַ וּרְפֵה יָדַיִם וְהַחֲרַדְתִּי אֹתוֹ וְנָס כׇּל־הָעָם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּוֹ וְהִכֵּיתִי אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ לְבַדּֽוֹ׃
I will reach him [when] he will be tired and weak. I will frighten him [suddenly] and all the people with him will flee and I will strike [only] the king himself.
I will reach him [when] he will be tired and weak. I will frighten him [suddenly] and all the people with him will flee and I will strike [only] the king himself.
וְאָשִׁיבָה כׇל־הָעָם אֵלֶיךָ כְּשׁוּב הַכֹּל הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה מְבַקֵּשׁ כׇּל־הָעָם יִהְיֶה שָׁלֽוֹם׃
I will return all the people to you. When they all return [to you] [except] the man you want [killed] [then] all the people will have peace.
I will return all the people to you. When they all return [to you] [except] the man you want [killed] [then] all the people will have peace.
Rashi
האיש אשר אתה מבקש. יעשה בו בקשתך ויהרג, ואחר כך כל העם יהיה שלום, וזה מקרא קצר.
[Except] the man you want. You will do what you want with him and you will have him killed. And afterwords, all the people will have peace. This is a shortened verse.1Missing the words that Rashi adds here to make sense of the words.
וַיִּישַׁר הַדָּבָר בְּעֵינֵי אַבְשָׁלֹם וּבְעֵינֵי כׇּל־זִקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ {ס}
The idea was favorable in Avsholom's eyes and in the eyes of all of the elders of Yisroel.
The idea was favorable in Avsholom's eyes and in the eyes of all of the elders of Yisroel.
Rashi
ובעיני זקני ישראל. זקני אשמאי:
And in the eyes of all of the elders of Yisroel. Wicked elders.
וַיֹּאמֶר אַבְשָׁלוֹם קְרָא נָא גַּם לְחוּשַׁי הָאַרְכִּי וְנִשְׁמְעָה מַה־בְּפִיו גַּם־הֽוּא׃
Avsholom said, "Call Chushai the Arkite also and let us hear what he has to say."
Avsholom said, "Call Chushai the Arkite also and let us hear what he has to say."
וַיָּבֹא חוּשַׁי אֶל־אַבְשָׁלוֹם וַיֹּאמֶר אַבְשָׁלוֹם אֵלָיו לֵאמֹר כַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה דִּבֶּר אֲחִיתֹפֶל הֲנַעֲשֶׂה אֶת־דְּבָרוֹ אִם־אַיִן אַתָּה דַבֵּֽר׃ {ס}
Chushai came to Avsholom and Avsholom said to him, saying, "Achitophel said such and such, should we do as he said or not? you tell [us]."
Chushai came to Avsholom and Avsholom said to him, saying, "Achitophel said such and such, should we do as he said or not? you tell [us]."
וַיֹּאמֶר חוּשַׁי אֶל־אַבְשָׁלוֹם לֹֽא־טוֹבָה הָעֵצָה אֲשֶׁר־יָעַץ אֲחִיתֹפֶל בַּפַּעַם הַזֹּֽאת׃
Chushai said to Avsholom, "The advice is not good that Achitophel has given this time."
Chushai said to Avsholom, "The advice is not good that Achitophel has given this time."
וַיֹּאמֶר חוּשַׁי אַתָּה יָדַעְתָּ אֶת־אָבִיךָ וְאֶת־אֲנָשָׁיו כִּי גִבֹּרִים הֵמָּה וּמָרֵי נֶפֶשׁ הֵמָּה כְּדֹב שַׁכּוּל בַּשָּׂדֶה וְאָבִיךָ אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה וְלֹא יָלִין אֶת־הָעָֽם׃
Chushai said, "You know your father and his men that they are strong and they are embittered souls like a bear bereft of it's children [fighting] in the field. Your father is a man of war and he will not rest with the people.
Chushai said, "You know your father and his men that they are strong and they are embittered souls like a bear bereft of it's children [fighting] in the field. Your father is a man of war and he will not rest with the people.
Rashi
ואביך איש מלחמה. ויודע עניני מלחמה וטכסיסיה וטיב מארב, ובטוח הוא שתרדוף הלילה לבא עליו, לפיכך לא ילין עם שאר העם:
Your father is a man of war. He knows the concepts of war, its strategy and the nature of someone setting a trap. He is sure you will run after him tonight to get to him therefore he will not rest with the other people.
הִנֵּה עַתָּה הֽוּא־נֶחְבָּא בְּאַחַת הַפְּחָתִים אוֹ בְּאַחַד הַמְּקוֹמֹת וְהָיָה כִּנְפֹל בָּהֶם בַּתְּחִלָּה וְשָׁמַע הַשֹּׁמֵעַ וְאָמַר הָֽיְתָה מַגֵּפָה בָּעָם אֲשֶׁר אַחֲרֵי אַבְשָׁלֹֽם׃
Now, he is hiding in one of the pits or one of the places [to hide]. When some of the men fall at the beginning [of their battles], a person will hear and will say, 'There was a disaster amongst the people that follow after Avsholom.'
Now, he is hiding in one of the pits or one of the places [to hide]. When some of the men fall at the beginning [of their battles], a person will hear and will say, 'There was a disaster amongst the people that follow after Avsholom.'
Rashi
הנה עתה הוא נחבא. וכשתבא על מחנה העם אשר אתו, הוא לא יהיה שם שתהרגנו:
Now, he is hiding. When you reach the encampment of the people with him, he will not be there for us to kill.
והיה כנפול בהם בתחלה. אני אמרתי לך כי אנשיו גבורים ומרי נפש, ואם יהרגו בעמך, תהיה בם מפלה במלחמה זו שהיא ראשונה, ושמע השומע מכל ישראל הבאים להתחבר אליך, ואמר היתה מגפה בעם של אבשלום:
When some of the men fall at the beginning [of their battles]. I told you that his men are strong and embittered souls and if they kill some of your people that will [mean] a defeat in this battle which is the first. A person will hear, [i.e., a person] from among all of Yisroel who come to join you, and will say, There was a disaster amongst Avsholom's people'.
וְהוּא גַם־בֶּן־חַיִל אֲשֶׁר לִבּוֹ כְּלֵב הָאַרְיֵה הִמֵּס יִמָּס כִּֽי־יֹדֵעַ כׇּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל כִּי־גִבּוֹר אָבִיךָ וּבְנֵי־חַיִל אֲשֶׁר אִתּֽוֹ׃
Even if he is a soldier who has a heart like that of a lion, his heart will surely melt because all of Yisroel knows that your father is strong as are the soldiers that are with him.
Even if he is a soldier who has a heart like that of a lion, his heart will surely melt because all of Yisroel knows that your father is strong as are the soldiers that are with him.
Rashi
והוא גם בן חיל. ואותו השומע אפילו הוא בן חיל ולבו כלב האריה, המס ימס בפחד ורעדה, ולא יתקשר עוד אליך, כי יאמר כבר התחיל ליפול ונענש הוא על אביו, ולא יצליח:
Even if he is a soldier. That person who hears [about the disaster] even if he is a soldier and his heart is like that of a lion his heart will surely melt in fear and trepidation. And he will no longer join you because he will say, "He [Avsholom] has already started to fall and he is being punished for [what he did to] his father and he will not succeed.
כִּי יָעַצְתִּי הֵאָסֹף יֵאָסֵף עָלֶיךָ כׇל־יִשְׂרָאֵל מִדָּן וְעַד־בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע כַּחוֹל אֲשֶׁר־עַל־הַיָּם לָרֹב וּפָנֶיךָ הֹלְכִים בַּקְרָֽב׃
But I advise [as follows:], Gather unto you all of Yisroel from Dan to Be'er Sheva a multitude like the sand by the sea and you yourself should go to war.
But I advise [as follows:], Gather unto you all of Yisroel from Dan to Be'er Sheva a multitude like the sand by the sea and you yourself should go to war.
Rashi
כי יעצתי. כי זאת עצתי:
But I advise [as follows:] Because this is my advice.
ופניך הולכים בקרב. בראש, (תרגום:) ואת תהי אזיל בריש כולנא:
And you yourself should go to war. At the head. [Yonoson translates:] "And then you should go at the head of everybody."
וּבָאנוּ אֵלָיו (באחת) [בְּאַחַד] הַמְּקוֹמֹת אֲשֶׁר נִמְצָא שָׁם וְנַחְנוּ עָלָיו כַּאֲשֶׁר יִפֹּל הַטַּל עַל־הָאֲדָמָה וְלֹא־נוֹתַר בּוֹ וּבְכׇל־הָאֲנָשִׁים אֲשֶׁר־אִתּוֹ גַּם־אֶחָֽד׃
We will reach him in one of the places where he will be found and we will encamp upon him as the dew falls on the ground and there will be none left, not of him nor of any of the men with him [not] even one.
We will reach him in one of the places where he will be found and we will encamp upon him as the dew falls on the ground and there will be none left, not of him nor of any of the men with him [not] even one.
Rashi
ונחנו עליו. וננוח עליו, לשון חנייה, כמו (שמות י יד): וינח בכל גבול מצרים, (ישעיהו ז ב): נחה ארם על אפרים:
And we will encamp upon him. We will encamp upon him language [denoting] camping as [we find], "It camped within the entire boorder of Mitzraim"2Shemos 10:14. [and] "Arom has camped opposite Ephraim."3Yeshayohu 7:2.
וְאִם־אֶל־עִיר יֵאָסֵף וְהִשִּׂיאוּ כׇֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל־הָעִיר הַהִיא חֲבָלִים וְסָחַבְנוּ אֹתוֹ עַד־הַנַּחַל עַד אֲשֶֽׁר־לֹֽא־נִמְצָא שָׁם גַּם־צְרֽוֹר׃ {פ}
And if they gather into a city [then] all of Yisroel should go up to that city in groups. We will drag [the city wall] into the valley [below] until not even a pebble will be found there.
And if they gather into a city [then] all of Yisroel should go up to that city in groups. We will drag [the city wall] into the valley [below] until not even a pebble will be found there.
Rashi
חבלים. (תרגום:) משריין, כמו (שמואל-א י ה): חבל נביאים (תהלים קיט סא): חבלי רשעים:
In groups. [Yonoson translates:] "Groups" as [we find], "A group of prophets."4Shmuel I 10:5. [and] "Groups of evildoers."5Tehilim 119:61.
עד הנחל. חומת העיר נסחוב אל הגי:
Into the valley [below]. We will drag the city wall into the valley.
וַיֹּאמֶר אַבְשָׁלוֹם וְכׇל־אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל טוֹבָה עֲצַת חוּשַׁי הָאַרְכִּי מֵעֲצַת אֲחִיתֹפֶל {ס} וַיהֹוָה צִוָּה לְהָפֵר אֶת־עֲצַת אֲחִיתֹפֶל הַטּוֹבָה לְבַעֲבוּר הָבִיא יְהֹוָה אֶל־אַבְשָׁלוֹם אֶת־הָרָעָֽה׃ {ס}
Avsholom and all the men of Yisroel said, "Chushai the Arkite's advice is better then Achitophel's advice." Adonoy commanded to annul the good advice of Achitophel in order for Adonoy to bring evil upon Avsholom.
Avsholom and all the men of Yisroel said, "Chushai the Arkite's advice is better then Achitophel's advice." Adonoy commanded to annul the good advice of Achitophel in order for Adonoy to bring evil upon Avsholom.
וַיֹּאמֶר חוּשַׁי אֶל־צָדוֹק וְאֶל־אֶבְיָתָר הַכֹּהֲנִים כָּזֹאת וְכָזֹאת יָעַץ אֲחִיתֹפֶל אֶת־אַבְשָׁלֹם וְאֵת זִקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְכָזֹאת וְכָזֹאת יָעַצְתִּי אָֽנִי׃
Chushai said to Tzodok and to Evyosor the Kohanim, "Such and such Achitophel advised Avsholom and the elders of Yisroel and I advised [him] such and such.
Chushai said to Tzodok and to Evyosor the Kohanim, "Such and such Achitophel advised Avsholom and the elders of Yisroel and I advised [him] such and such.
וְעַתָּה שִׁלְחוּ מְהֵרָה וְהַגִּידוּ לְדָוִד לֵאמֹר אַל־תָּלֶן הַלַּיְלָה בְּעַֽרְבוֹת הַמִּדְבָּר וְגַם עָבוֹר תַּעֲבוֹר פֶּן יְבֻלַּע לַמֶּלֶךְ וּלְכׇל־הָעָם אֲשֶׁר אִתּֽוֹ׃
And now, send [messengers] quickly and tell Dovid saying, 'Do not rest tonight in the plains of the desert, but cross over it, because [my suggestion] may be rejected by the king and all the people with him.
And now, send [messengers] quickly and tell Dovid saying, 'Do not rest tonight in the plains of the desert, but cross over it, because [my suggestion] may be rejected by the king and all the people with him.
Rashi
וגם עבור תעבור. את הירדן:
Cross over it. The Yardein.
פן יבולע למלך. שלא יעצתיו לטובה, ויעשה כדברי אחיתופל:
Because [my suggestion] may be rejected by the king. That I did not advise him well and [instead] he will proceed according to the advice of Achitophel.
יבלע. יאמר לו בסתר ובבליעה:
Rejected. He will be told secretely and by a concealed method.
וִיהוֹנָתָן וַאֲחִימַעַץ עֹמְדִים בְּעֵין־רֹגֵל וְהָלְכָה הַשִּׁפְחָה וְהִגִּידָה לָהֶם וְהֵם יֵֽלְכוּ וְהִגִּידוּ לַמֶּלֶךְ דָּוִד כִּי לֹא יוּכְלוּ לְהֵרָאוֹת לָבוֹא הָעִֽירָה׃
Yahonoson and Achima'atz were standing by the launderers' fountain, and the handmaiden used to go and tell them and they went and told King Dovid because they could not [let themselves] be seen by coming into the city.
Yahonoson and Achima'atz were standing by the launderers' fountain, and the handmaiden used to go and tell them and they went and told King Dovid because they could not [let themselves] be seen by coming into the city.
Rashi
בעין רוגל. (תרגום:) בעין קצרא, כובסי בגדי צמר, שחובטין אותם שם, שבועטים אותם ברגל:
By the launderers' fountain. [Yonason translates:] "By the launderers' fountain." Launderers of woolen garments that bring them [the garments] there by kicking them with [their] foot.
וַיַּרְא אֹתָם נַעַר וַיַּגֵּד לְאַבְשָׁלֹם וַיֵּלְכוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם מְהֵרָה וַיָּבֹאוּ ׀ אֶל־בֵּֽית־אִישׁ בְּבַחוּרִים וְלוֹ בְאֵר בַּחֲצֵרוֹ וַיֵּרְדוּ שָֽׁם׃
A young man saw them and told Avsholom. They went quickly and came to a man's house in Bachurim and he had a well in his courtyard and they descended into it.
A young man saw them and told Avsholom. They went quickly and came to a man's house in Bachurim and he had a well in his courtyard and they descended into it.
וַתִּקַּח הָאִשָּׁה וַתִּפְרֹשׂ אֶת־הַמָּסָךְ עַל־פְּנֵי הַבְּאֵר וַתִּשְׁטַח עָלָיו הָרִפוֹת וְלֹא נוֹדַע דָּבָֽר׃
The woman took [a curtain] and spread the curtain over the face of the well and she spread ground wheat on it and the matter did not become known.
The woman took [a curtain] and spread the curtain over the face of the well and she spread ground wheat on it and the matter did not become known.
Rashi
את המסך. וילון:
The curtain. Curtain.
הרפות. חטין כתושות, כמו (משלי כז כב): בתוך הריפות:
Ground wheat. Ground wheat as [we find], "Among the ground wheat."6Mishlei 27:22.
וַיָּבֹאוּ עַבְדֵי אַבְשָׁלוֹם אֶֽל־הָאִשָּׁה הַבַּיְתָה וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ אַיֵּה אֲחִימַעַץ וִיהוֹנָתָן וַתֹּאמֶר לָהֶם הָאִשָּׁה עָבְרוּ מִיכַל הַמָּיִם וַיְבַקְשׁוּ וְלֹא מָצָאוּ וַיָּשֻׁבוּ יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃ {ס}
Avsholom's servants came to the woman's house and said, "Where are Achima'atz and Yehonoson?" The woman said [in reply], "They crossed over the stream of water." They searched [but] did not find [them] and returned to Yerusholoyim.
Avsholom's servants came to the woman's house and said, "Where are Achima'atz and Yehonoson?" The woman said [in reply], "They crossed over the stream of water." They searched [but] did not find [them] and returned to Yerusholoyim.
Rashi
מיכל המים. איני יודע לו פתרון במחברת כל, ופתרונו לפי ענינו, כמו שבולת הנהר:
Stream of water. I do not know the translation of this word מִיכַל. In the Machberes7Notebook written by Menachem (one of the Rishonim). [under the entry] כַּל [he writes] that its translation is according to the context. [Here] its as [if to say] streaming water of the river.
וַיְהִי ׀ אַחֲרֵי לֶכְתָּם וַֽיַּעֲלוּ מֵֽהַבְּאֵר וַיֵּלְכוּ וַיַּגִּדוּ לַמֶּלֶךְ דָּוִד וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֶל־דָּוִד קוּמוּ וְעִבְרוּ מְהֵרָה אֶת־הַמַּיִם כִּי־כָכָה יָעַץ עֲלֵיכֶם אֲחִיתֹֽפֶל׃
After they [Avsholom's servants] left they climbed up from the well and went and told King Dovid. They said to Dovid, "Rise and quickly cross over the water for such has Achitophfelophel advised against you."
After they [Avsholom's servants] left they climbed up from the well and went and told King Dovid. They said to Dovid, "Rise and quickly cross over the water for such has Achitophfelophel advised against you."
וַיָּקׇם דָּוִד וְכׇל־הָעָם אֲשֶׁר אִתּוֹ וַיַּעַבְרוּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן עַד־אוֹר הַבֹּקֶר עַד־אַחַד לֹא נֶעְדָּר אֲשֶׁר לֹא־עָבַר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃
Dovid rose together with all the people with him and they crossed over the Yardein. By the light of the morning. not one [person] was missing who did not cross over the Yardein.
Dovid rose together with all the people with him and they crossed over the Yardein. By the light of the morning. not one [person] was missing who did not cross over the Yardein.
וַאֲחִיתֹפֶל רָאָה כִּי לֹא נֶעֶשְׂתָה עֲצָתוֹ וַיַּחֲבֹשׁ אֶֽת־הַחֲמוֹר וַיָּקׇם וַיֵּלֶךְ אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ אֶל־עִירוֹ וַיְצַו אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ וַיֵּחָנַק וַיָּמׇת וַיִּקָּבֵר בְּקֶבֶר אָבִֽיו׃ {ס}
Achitophel saw that his advice was not put into action. He saddled his donkey, got up and went to his house [in] his city. He gave [his last] instructions to his family. He [then] strangled himself and died. He was buried in his father's grave.
Achitophel saw that his advice was not put into action. He saddled his donkey, got up and went to his house [in] his city. He gave [his last] instructions to his family. He [then] strangled himself and died. He was buried in his father's grave.
וְדָוִד בָּא מַחֲנָיְמָה וְאַבְשָׁלֹם עָבַר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן הוּא וְכׇל־אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל עִמּֽוֹ׃
Dovid came to Machanoyim [as] Avsholom crossed the Yardein, he and all the men of Yisroel with him.
Dovid came to Machanoyim [as] Avsholom crossed the Yardein, he and all the men of Yisroel with him.
וְאֶת־עֲמָשָׂא שָׂם אַבְשָׁלֹם תַּחַת יוֹאָב עַל־הַצָּבָא וַעֲמָשָׂא בֶן־אִישׁ וּשְׁמוֹ יִתְרָא הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִי אֲשֶׁר־בָּא אֶל־אֲבִיגַל בַּת־נָחָשׁ אֲחוֹת צְרוּיָה אֵם יוֹאָֽב׃
Avsholom put Amosoh [at the head] of the army in place of Yoav. Amosoh was the son of a man, whose name was Yisrah the Yisroelite who had relations with Avigal, the daughter of Nochosh, [who was] the sister of Tsruyoh, the mother of Yoav.
Avsholom put Amosoh [at the head] of the army in place of Yoav. Amosoh was the son of a man, whose name was Yisrah the Yisroelite who had relations with Avigal, the daughter of Nochosh, [who was] the sister of Tsruyoh, the mother of Yoav.
Rashi
בת נחש. הוא ישי אבי דוד, רבותינו אמרו (בבא בתרא יז א): שמת בלא עון, בעטיו של נחש:
The daughter of Nochosh. This is Yeshai, Dovid's father. Our Rabbis said that [Yeshai] died without sin [but only] because of the serpent's counsel.8Baba Besra 16. The serpent in the Gan Fden who suggested to Chavah to eat from the Tree of knowledge. That sin brought death into the world. That is why Yeshai died because he had no sin of his own to merit death.
וַיִּחַן יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאַבְשָׁלֹם אֶרֶץ הַגִּלְעָֽד׃ {ס}
[The men of] Yisroel and Avsholom encamped in the land of Gilod.
[The men of] Yisroel and Avsholom encamped in the land of Gilod.
וַיְהִי כְּבוֹא דָוִד מַחֲנָיְמָה וְשֹׁבִי בֶן־נָחָשׁ מֵרַבַּת בְּנֵי־עַמּוֹן וּמָכִיר בֶּן־עַמִּיאֵל מִלֹּא דְבָר וּבַרְזִלַּי הַגִּלְעָדִי מֵרֹגְלִֽים׃
When Dovid came to Machanoyim, [he met] Shovi, the son of Nochosh from Rabbahs of the people of Amon and Mochir, the son of Amiel from Lo Devor and Barzilai, the Gilodite from Roglim.
When Dovid came to Machanoyim, [he met] Shovi, the son of Nochosh from Rabbahs of the people of Amon and Mochir, the son of Amiel from Lo Devor and Barzilai, the Gilodite from Roglim.
Rashi
ושבי בן נחש. הוא חנון בן נחש:
Shovi, the son of Nochosh. He is Chonun, the son of Nochosh.9Mentioned earlier in 10:1.
מִשְׁכָּב וְסַפּוֹת וּכְלִי יוֹצֵר וְחִטִּים וּשְׂעֹרִים וְקֶמַח וְקָלִי וּפוֹל וַעֲדָשִׁים וְקָלִֽי׃
[They brought] mats, and basins earthenware utensils, wheat, barley flour, toasted grain, beans, lentils toasted lentils,
[They brought] mats, and basins earthenware utensils, wheat, barley flour, toasted grain, beans, lentils toasted lentils,
Rashi
משכב. מצעות:
Mats. Mats.
וספות. כלי תשמיש הם, כמו (מלכים . ב יב יד): ספות כסף:
Utensils. They are utensils for practical use. as [we find], "Silver utensils."10Melochim II, 12:14.
וקלי. מיני קליות, אמרו רבותינו (עבודה זרה לח ב): שני מיני שתיתא הקריב ברזילי לדוד, אחד של חטים, ואחד של עדשים, כענין האמור כאן ; 'קמח וקלי', הוא של דגן, 'ופול ועדשים וקלי', ממינים של קטניות שמייבשין אותן בתנור כשהן לחין, והם מתוקין לעולם, וטוחנין אותן, ועושין מהם מאכל שקורין שתיתא:
Toasted grain. Types of toasted foods Our Rabbis said Barzilai brought two types of porridge to Dovid, one made of wheat and one made of lentils as described here flour and קָלִי, this one was made from wheat. Beans, lentils and קָלִי [this one] was made from types of beans.11The word קָלִי appears twice in this verse. The first קָלִי written after קֶמַח refers to a porridge made from grain. The second קָלִי written after עֲדָשִׁים refers to a porridge made from lentils. They used to dry them in ovens [having been put in] while they were [still] moist, they [thus] were permenantly sweet [then] they ground them and made from them a food that was called "porridge."
וּדְבַשׁ וְחֶמְאָה וְצֹאן וּשְׁפוֹת בָּקָר הִגִּישׁוּ לְדָוִד וְלָעָם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּוֹ לֶאֱכוֹל כִּי אָמְרוּ הָעָם רָעֵב וְעָיֵף וְצָמֵא בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ {ס}
honey, butter, sheep and cow's cheese they brought to Dovid and to the people with him to eat because they said, "The people are hungry, tired and thirsty in the desert."
honey, butter, sheep and cow's cheese they brought to Dovid and to the people with him to eat because they said, "The people are hungry, tired and thirsty in the desert."
Rashi
ושפות בקר. (תרגום:) וגובנין דחלב:
And cow's cheese. [Yonoson translates:] "And cheese made from milk."
כשוב הכל. אליך:
When they all return [to you]. To you.