Bamidbar
Sh'lach, Aliyah 7 שלח, שביעי
Part of: Sh'lachSh'lach, Aliyah 7Chapter 15Petuchah, Numbers 15:32Petuchah, Numbers 15:37Setumah, Numbers 15:27Setumah, Numbers 15:35
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Bamidbar 15
וְאִם־נֶפֶשׁ אַחַת תֶּחֱטָא בִשְׁגָגָה וְהִקְרִיבָה עֵז בַּת־שְׁנָתָהּ לְחַטָּֽאת׃
If one person will sin erroneously, that person shall bring a yearling she-goat as a sin-offering.
If one person will sin erroneously, that person shall bring a yearling she-goat as a sin-offering.
Rashi
עז בת שנתה. שְׁאָר עֲבֵרוֹת יָחִיד מֵבִיא כִשְׂבָּה אוֹ שְׂעִירָה, וּבְזוֹ קָבַע לָהּ שְׂעִירָה (שם):
A yearling she-goat. For other transgressions, the individual brings a sheep or goat, but for this, a goat is designated.
וְכִפֶּר הַכֹּהֵן עַל־הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַשֹּׁגֶגֶת בְּחֶטְאָהֿ בִשְׁגָגָה לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה לְכַפֵּר עָלָיו וְנִסְלַח לֽוֹ׃
The kohein shall atone for that erring soul which has sinned unwittingly before Adonoy; to achieve atonement for him, and he will be forgiven.
The kohein shall atone for that erring soul which has sinned unwittingly before Adonoy; to achieve atonement for him, and he will be forgiven.
הָֽאֶזְרָח בִּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלַגֵּר הַגָּר בְּתוֹכָם תּוֹרָה אַחַת יִהְיֶה לָכֶם לָעֹשֶׂה בִּשְׁגָגָֽה׃
[For] the citizen among Bnei Yisroel, and the proselyte who dwells among them there shall be one law for you all, for he who sins unwittingly.
[For] the citizen among Bnei Yisroel, and the proselyte who dwells among them there shall be one law for you all, for he who sins unwittingly.
וְהַנֶּפֶשׁ אֲשֶֽׁר־תַּעֲשֶׂה ׀ בְּיָד רָמָה מִן־הָֽאֶזְרָח וּמִן־הַגֵּר אֶת־יְהֹוָה הוּא מְגַדֵּף וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִוא מִקֶּרֶב עַמָּֽהּ׃
A person who commits a sin high-handedly among the citizens or among the proselytes, blasphemes Adonoy; the soul of that person shall be cut off from among its people.
A person who commits a sin high-handedly among the citizens or among the proselytes, blasphemes Adonoy; the soul of that person shall be cut off from among its people.
Rashi
ביד רמה. בְמֵזִיד:
High handedly. Intentionally.
מגדף. מְחָרֵף, כְּמוֹ "וְהָיְתָה חֶרְפָּה וּגְדוּפָה" (יחזקאל ה'), "אֲשֶׁר גִּדְּפוּ נַעֲרֵי מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר" (ישעיהו ל"ז), וְעוֹד דָּרְשׁוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ מִכָּאן לַמְּבָרֵךְ אֶת הַשֵּׁם שֶׁהוּא בְכָרֵת (כריתות ז'):
Blasphemes. Reviles, like, “despised and reviled,” “which the servants of the king of Ashur reviled.” In addition, the Rabbis derive from here that someone who curses Hashem” is subject to “koreis.”
כִּי דְבַר־יְהֹוָה בָּזָה וְאֶת־מִצְוָתוֹ הֵפַר הִכָּרֵת ׀ תִּכָּרֵת הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִוא עֲוֺנָהֿ בָֽהּ׃ {פ}
For he has denigrated the word of Adonoy and he has violated His commandment; The soul of that person shall certainly be cut off; its iniquity is upon it.
For he has denigrated the word of Adonoy and he has violated His commandment; The soul of that person shall certainly be cut off; its iniquity is upon it.
Rashi
דבר ה'. אַזְהָרַת עֲ"זָ מִפִּי הַגְּבוּרָה וְהַשְּׁאָר מִפִּי מֹשֶׁה (סנהדרין צ"ט):
The word of Adonoy. The prohibition against idol worship was by the word of the Omnipotent, the rest by the word of Moshe.
עונה בה. בִּזְמַן שֶׁעֲוֹנָהּ בָּהּ — שֶׁלֹּא עָשָׂה תְשׁוּבָה:
Its iniquity is upon it. During the time his sin is within him — if he has not repented.
וַיִּהְיוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל בַּמִּדְבָּר וַֽיִּמְצְאוּ אִישׁ מְקֹשֵׁשׁ עֵצִים בְּיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃
Bnei Yisroel were in the desert, and they found a man gathering wood on the day of the Shabbos.
Bnei Yisroel were in the desert, and they found a man gathering wood on the day of the Shabbos.
Rashi
ויהיו … במדבר וימצאו. בִּגְנוּתָן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל דִּבֵּר הַכָּתוּב, שֶׁלֹא שָׁמְרוּ אֶלָּא שַׁבָּת רִאשׁוֹנָה, וּבַשְּׁנִיָּה בָא זֶה וְחִלְּלָהּ (ספרי):
[Bnei Yisroel] were in the desert and they found. Scripture speaks disparagingly of the Israelites. They kept only the first Shabbos, then this person came and desecrated the second.
וַיַּקְרִיבוּ אֹתוֹ הַמֹּצְאִים אֹתוֹ מְקֹשֵׁשׁ עֵצִים אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן וְאֶל כׇּל־הָעֵדָֽה׃
Those who found him brought him near—he who was gathering wood—to Moshe and to Aharon, and to the entire congregation.
Those who found him brought him near—he who was gathering wood—to Moshe and to Aharon, and to the entire congregation.
Rashi
המצאים אתו מקשש. שֶׁהִתְרוּ בוֹ וְלֹא הִנִּיחַ מִלְּקוֹשֵׁשׁ, אַף מִשֶׁמְּצָאוּהוּ וְהִתְרוּ בוֹ (שם; סנהדרין מ"א):
Those who found him gathering. They warned him, but he did not desist from gathering, even after they found and warned him.
וַיַּנִּיחוּ אֹתוֹ בַּמִּשְׁמָר כִּי לֹא פֹרַשׁ מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂה לֽוֹ׃ {ס}
They placed him under guard since it was not specified, what was to be done to him.
They placed him under guard since it was not specified, what was to be done to him.
Rashi
כי לא פרש מה יעשה לו. בְּאֵיזוֹ מִיתָה יָמוּת, אֲבָל יוֹדְעִים הָיוּ שֶׁמְּחַלֵּל שַׁבָּת בְּמִיתָה (שם ע"ח):
Since it was not specified, what was to be done with him. [They did not know] how to execute him, but they knew that someone who desecrates the Shabbos must be put to death.
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה מוֹת יוּמַת הָאִישׁ רָגוֹם אֹתוֹ בָֽאֲבָנִים כׇּל־הָעֵדָה מִחוּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃
Adonoy said to Moshe: “That man shall be put to death, the entire congregation shall stone him beyond the encampment.”
Adonoy said to Moshe: “That man shall be put to death, the entire congregation shall stone him beyond the encampment.”
Rashi
רגום. עָשֹׂה, פשנ"ט, וְכֵן הָלוֹךְ אלנ"ט, וְכֵן "זָכוֹר" (שמות כ, ח) וְ"שָׁמוֹר" (דברים ה, יב):
Shall stone. Constantly do. Fisant in Old French. Similarly, הָלוֹךְ, alant. Similarly, “constantly remember,” and “constantly keep.”
וַיֹּצִיאוּ אֹתוֹ כׇּל־הָעֵדָה אֶל־מִחוּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶה וַיִּרְגְּמוּ אֹתוֹ בָּאֲבָנִים וַיָּמֹת כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהֹוָה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ {פ}
The entire congregation brought him outside beyond the encampment, and they stoned him with stones, and he died, just as Adonoy commanded Moshe.
The entire congregation brought him outside beyond the encampment, and they stoned him with stones, and he died, just as Adonoy commanded Moshe.
Rashi
ויציאו אתו. מִכָּאן שֶׁבֵּית הַסְּקִילָה חוּץ וְרָחוֹק מִבֵּית דִּין (ספרי):
Brought him outside. From here [we derive] that the stoning platform was outside, far from the courthouse.
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃
And Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying:
And Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying:
דַּבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם וְעָשׂוּ לָהֶם צִיצִת עַל־כַּנְפֵי בִגְדֵיהֶם לְדֹרֹתָם וְנָתְנוּ עַל־צִיצִת הַכָּנָף פְּתִיל תְּכֵֽלֶת׃
Speak to Bnei Yisroel and tell them to make for themselves, tzizis-fringes on the corners of their garments—throughout their generations; and they will place with the fringes of each corner a thread of blue.
Speak to Bnei Yisroel and tell them to make for themselves, tzizis-fringes on the corners of their garments—throughout their generations; and they will place with the fringes of each corner a thread of blue.
Rashi
ועשו להם ציצת. עַל שֵׁם הַפְּתִילִים הַתְּלוּיִם בָּהּ, כְּמוֹ (יחזקאל ח'), "וַיִּקָּחֵנִי בְּצִיצִת רֹאשִׁי" (מנחות מ"ב). דָּ"אַ: ציצת עַל שֵׁם וּרְאִיתֶם אֹתוֹ, כְּמוֹ "מֵצִיץ מִן הַחֲרַכִּים" (שיר השירים ב'):
To make for themselves, tzitzis-fringes. So named because of the fringes hanging from it, like, “He took me by the fringes of my head.” Another interpretation: “tzizis” because of “when you see it,” like “watching from the openings.”
תכלת. צֶבַע יָרֹק שֶׁל חִלָּזוֹן:
Blue [wool]. The blue dye of the chilazon-fish.
וְהָיָה לָכֶם לְצִיצִת וּרְאִיתֶם אֹתוֹ וּזְכַרְתֶּם אֶת־כׇּל־מִצְוֺת יְהֹוָה וַעֲשִׂיתֶם אֹתָם וְלֹֽא־תָתוּרוּ אַחֲרֵי לְבַבְכֶם וְאַחֲרֵי עֵֽינֵיכֶם אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּם זֹנִים אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃
And it will be to you for fringes and you will look upon it and you will remember all of Adonoy’s commandments and you will perform them; and you will not search after [the desire of] your hearts and after your eyes which cause you to go astray.
And it will be to you for fringes and you will look upon it and you will remember all of Adonoy’s commandments and you will perform them; and you will not search after [the desire of] your hearts and after your eyes which cause you to go astray.
Rashi
וזכרתם את כל מצות ה'. שֶׁמִּנְיַן גִּימַטְרִיָּא שֶׁל צִיצִית שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת, וּשְׁמוֹנָה חוּטִין וַחֲמִשָּׁה קְשָׁרִים הֲרֵי תרי"ג (תנחומא):
You will remember all of Adonoy’s commandments. As the numerical value of צִיצִית is 600, and the eight threads and five knots equal 613.
ולא תתורו אחרי לבבכם. כְּמוֹ "מִתּוּר הָאָרֶץ" (במדבר י"ג); הַלֵּב וְהָעֵינַיִם הֵם מְרַגְּלִים לַגּוּף, מְסַרְסְרִים לוֹ אֶת הָעֲבֵרוֹת, הָעַיִן רוֹאָה וְהַלֵּב חוֹמֵד וְהַגּוּף עוֹשֶׂה אֶת הָעֲבֵרָה (תנחומא):
And you will not search after [the desire of] your hearts. This is similar to “from spying the land.” The heart and eye are the body’s spies, bringing it sins. The eye sees, the heart lusts, and the body sins.
לְמַעַן תִּזְכְּרוּ וַעֲשִׂיתֶם אֶת־כׇּל־מִצְוֺתָי וִהְיִיתֶם קְדֹשִׁים לֵאלֹֽהֵיכֶֽם׃
In order that you will remember and perform all My commandments; and you will be holy unto your God.
In order that you will remember and perform all My commandments; and you will be holy unto your God.
אֲנִי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם אֲשֶׁר הוֹצֵאתִי אֶתְכֶם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם לִהְיוֹת לָכֶם לֵאלֹהִים אֲנִי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ {פ}
I am Adonoy, your God, Who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God. I am Adonoy your God.
I am Adonoy, your God, Who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God. I am Adonoy your God.
Rashi
אני ה'. נֶאֱמָן לְשַׁלֵּם שָׂכָר:
I am Adonoy. Faithful in rewarding.
אלהיכם. נֶאֱמָן לִפָּרַע:
Your God. Faithful in exacting punishment.
אשר הוצאתי אתכם. עַל מְנָת כֵּן פָּדִיתִי אֶתְכֶם שֶׁתְּקַבְּלוּ עֲלֵיכֶם גְּזֵרוֹתַי:
Who brought you out. I redeemed you on condition that you accept my decrees.
אני ה' אלהיכם. עוֹד לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר? כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יֹאמְרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מִפְּנֵי מָה אָמַר הַמָּקוֹם? לֹא שֶׁנַּעֲשֶׂה וְנִטֹּל שָֹכָר? אָנוּ לֹא עוֹשִׂים וְלֹא נוֹטְלִים שָׂכָר עַל כָּרְחֲכֶם אֲנִי מַלְכְּכֶם, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (יחזקאל כ'), "אִם לֹא בְּיָד חֲזָקָה … אֶמְלוֹךְ עֲלֵיכֶם" (ספרי). דָּ"אַ, לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר יְצִיאַת מִצְרַיִם? אֲנִי הוּא שֶׁהִבְחַנְתִּי בְמִצְרַיִם בֵּין טִפָּה שֶׁל בְּכוֹר לְשֶׁאֵינָהּ שֶׁל בְּכוֹר, אֲנִי הוּא עָתִיד לְהַבְחִין וְלִפָּרַע מִן הַתּוֹלֶה קָלָא אִילָן בְּבִגְדּוֹ וְאוֹמֵר תְּכֵלֶת הִיא. וּמִיסוֹדוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן הֶעְתַּקְתִּי: לָמָּה נִסְמְכָה פָרָשַׁת מְקוֹשֵׁשׁ לְפָרָשַׁת עֲ"זָ? לוֹמַר שֶׁהַמְחַלֵּל אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת כְּעוֹבֵד עֲ"זָ, שֶׁאַף הִיא שְׁקוּלָה כְּכָל הַמִּצְוֹת, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר בְּעֶזְרָא (נחמיה ט׳:י״ד) "וְעַל הַר סִינַי יָרַדְתָּ וַתִּתֵּן לְעַמְּךָ תּוֹרָה וּמִצְוֹת וְאֶת שַׁבַּת קָדְשְׁךָ הוֹדַעְתָ לָהֶם"; וְאַף פָּרָשַׁת צִיצִית לְכָךְ נִסְמְכָה לָאֵלּוּ לְפִי שֶׁאַף הִיא שְׁקוּלָה כְנֶגֶד כָּל הַמִּצְוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וַעֲשִׂיתֶם אֶת כָּל מִצְוֹתָי:
I am Adonoy your God. Why is this said again? So that the Israelites should not say: “Why did the Omnipresent command? Was it not so that we should perform [the commandments] and be rewarded? Let us not perform, and not be rewarded”! Even against your will, I am your king. Similarly, it says, “[As I live . . .] if I shall not, with a mighty hand . . . rule over you.” Another interpretation. Why is the exodus from Egypt mentioned? It was I who distinguished, in Egypt, between the [reproductive] drop which was the firstborn, and that which was not the firstborn. It is I who will distinguish, and punish those who attach [fringes dyed with] indigo dye on their garments, and claim that it is the “techeiles” dye. From R’ Moshe Hadarshan’s commentary I transcribed: Why is the chapter of the “gatherer” adjacent to the chapter of idolatry? To teach that the Shabbos desecrator is like an idolator, since it (Shabbos), too, is equated with the entire Torah. This is stated in Ezra: “You descended on mount Sinai and gave Your nation the Torah and the commandments, etc., and You made Your sacred Shabbos known to them.” The portion of tzitzis, also for this reason, is adjacent to these [portions] — since it, too, is equivalent to all the commandments, as it is said, “you will perform all the commandments.”
על כנפי בגדיהם. כְּנֶגֶד "וָאֶשָּׂא אֶתְכֶם עַל כַּנְפֵי נְשָׁרִים" (שמות יט, ד) ; עַל אַרְבַּע כַּנְפוֹת, וְלֹא בַעֲלַת שָׁלֹשׁ וְלֹא בַעֲלַת חָמֵשׁ, כְּנֶגֶד אַרְבַּע לְשׁוֹנוֹת שֶׁל גְּאֻלָּה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּמִצְרַיִם "וְהוֹצֵאתִי וְהִצַּלְתִּי וְגָאַלְתִּי וְלָקַחְתִּי" (שמות ו'):
On the corners of their garments. This corresponds with, “I carried you on the wings of eagles.” On the four corners — but not on a garment with three, or with five [corners]. This corresponds with the four expressions of redemption which were stated in Egypt — “I will bring [you] out,” “I will save [you],” “I will redeem [you],” “I will take [you].”
פתיל תכלת. עַל שֵׁם שִׁכּוּל בְּכוֹרוֹת — תַּרְגּוּמוֹ שֶׁל שִׁכּוּל תִּכְלָא — וּמַכָּתָם הָיְתָה בַלַּיְלָה, וְכֵן צֶבַע הַתְּכֵלֶת דּוֹמֶה לָרָקִיעַ הַמַּשְׁחִיר לְעֵת עֶרֶב; וּשְׁמוֹנָה חוּטִין שֶׁבָּהּ כְּנֶגֶד שְׁמוֹנָה יָמִים שֶׁשָּׁהוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מִשֶּׁיָּצְאוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם עַד שֶׁאָמְרוּ שִׁירָה עַל הַיָּם:
A thread of blue. [תְּכֵלֶת] so named because of the [Egyptians’] loss of their firstborn. The targum — translation of שִׁכּוּל, “loss of a child,” is תִּכְלָא . And they were struck down at night. The color of “ techeiles” is similar to the sky which darkens during evening. Its eight threads correspond with the eight days the Israelites waited, from the time they left Egypt, until they sang at the [Reed] Sea.
תחטא בשגגה. בַּעֲ"זָ:
Will sin erroneously. Through idolatry.