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23:1

לֹא־יִקַּח אִישׁ אֶת־אֵשֶׁת אָבִיו וְלֹא יְגַלֶּה כְּנַף אָבִֽיו׃ {ס}        

A man may not marry his father’s wife, and may not expose the edge of his father’s garment.

A man may not marry his father’s wife, and may not expose the edge of his father’s garment.

Rashi

לא יקח. אֵין לוֹ בָּהּ לִקּוּחִין וְאֵין קִדּוּשִׁין תּוֹפְסִין בָּהּ (עי' קידושין ס"ז):

A man may not marry. He cannot effect marriage with her — marriage with her is legally invalid.

ולא יגלה כנף אביו. שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם שֶׁל אָבִיו הָרְאוּיָה לְאָבִיו, וַהֲרֵי כְּבָר הֻזְהַר עָלֶיהָ מִשּׁוּם עֶרְוַת אֲחִי אָבִיךָ (ויקרא י"ח) אֶלָּא לַעֲבֹר עַל זוֹ בִּשְׁנֵי לָאוִין, וְלִסְמֹךְ לָהּ לֹא יָבֹא מַמְזֵר, לְלַמֵּד שֶׁאֵין מַמְזֵר אֶלָּא מֵחַיָּבֵי כָּרֵתוֹת, וְקַל וָחֹמֶר מֵחַיָּבֵי מִיתוֹת בֵּית דִּין, שֶׁאֵין בָּעֲרָיוֹת מִיתַת בֵּית דִּין שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ כָּרֵת (יבמות מ"ט):

And may not expose the edge of his father’s garment. His father’s prospective levirate partner, appropriate for his father. But he was already warned concerning her, from “the nakedness of your father’s brother.” Evidently, to transgress, with her, against two prohibitions, and to place, next to her, “the bastard may not enter,” to teach that the bastard is only [someone born] of those liable to kares excision; certainly judicial execution, as no act of incest or adultery subject to judicial execution is exempt from kares excision.

23:2

לֹֽא־יָבֹא פְצֽוּעַ־דַּכָּא*(בספרי ספרד ורוב ספרי אשכנז דַּכָּה) וּכְרוּת שׇׁפְכָה בִּקְהַל יְהֹוָֽה׃ {ס}        

One may not enter—with injured or crushed genitals or with a gash causing spilling—into Adonoy’s community.

One may not enter—with injured or crushed genitals or with a gash causing spilling—into Adonoy’s community.

Rashi

פצוע דכה. שֶׁנִּפְצְעוּ אוֹ שֶׁנִּדְכְּאוּ בֵיצִים שֶׁלּוֹ:

With injured or crushed. Whose testicles were injured or crushed.

וכרות שפכה. שֶׁנִּכְרַת הַגִּיד וְשׁוּב אֵינוֹ יוֹרֶה קִלּוּחַ זֶרַע אֶלָּא שׁוֹפֵךְ וְשׁוֹתֵת וְאֵינוֹ מוֹלִיד (ספרי; יבמות ע'):

Or with a gash causing spilling. The organ was gashed, and no longer ejects a stream of semen, but spills and dribbles, and is sterile.

23:3

לֹא־יָבֹא מַמְזֵר בִּקְהַל יְהֹוָה גַּם דּוֹר עֲשִׂירִי לֹא־יָבֹא לוֹ בִּקְהַל יְהֹוָֽה׃ {ס}        

A base-born may not enter into Adonoy’s community, even his tenth generation may not enter into Adonoy’s community.

A base-born may not enter into Adonoy’s community, even his tenth generation may not enter into Adonoy’s community.

Rashi

לא יבא ממזר בקהל ה'. לֹא יִשָּׂא יִשְׂרְאֵלִית:

A base-born may not enter into Adonoy’s community. He may not marry an Israelite woman.

23:4

לֹֽא־יָבֹא עַמּוֹנִי וּמוֹאָבִי בִּקְהַל יְהֹוָה גַּם דּוֹר עֲשִׂירִי לֹא־יָבֹא לָהֶם בִּקְהַל יְהֹוָה עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃

[Neither] an Ammonite nor a Moavite may enter into Adonoy’s community; even their tenth generation may not enter into Adonoy’s community forever.

[Neither] an Ammonite nor a Moavite may enter into Adonoy’s community; even their tenth generation may not enter into Adonoy’s community forever.

Rashi

לא יבא עמוני. לֹא יִשָּׂא יִשְׂרְאֵלִית:

An Ammonite may not enter. He may not marry an Israelite woman.

23:5

עַל־דְּבַר אֲשֶׁר לֹא־קִדְּמוּ אֶתְכֶם בַּלֶּחֶם וּבַמַּיִם בַּדֶּרֶךְ בְּצֵאתְכֶם מִמִּצְרָיִם וַאֲשֶׁר שָׂכַר עָלֶיךָ אֶת־בִּלְעָם בֶּן־בְּעוֹר מִפְּתוֹר אֲרַם נַהֲרַיִם לְקַֽלְלֶֽךָּ׃

Because of the matter that they did not greet you with bread and water on the way when you came out of Egypt; and because he hired against you Bilam son of Beor from Pesor in Aram Naharayim to curse you.

Because of the matter that they did not greet you with bread and water on the way when you came out of Egypt; and because he hired against you Bilam son of Beor from Pesor in Aram Naharayim to curse you.

Rashi

על דבר. עַל הָעֵצָה שֶׁיָּעֲצוּ אֶתְכֶם לְהַחֲטִיאֲכֶם:

Because of the matter. Because of their advice concerning you, to incite you to sin [as written in the affair of Bilam].

בדרך. כְּשֶׁהֱיִיתֶם בְּטֵרוּף (ספרי):

On the way. When you were harried.

23:6

וְלֹֽא־אָבָה יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לִשְׁמֹעַ אֶל־בִּלְעָם וַיַּהֲפֹךְ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לְּךָ אֶת־הַקְּלָלָה לִבְרָכָה כִּי אֲהֵֽבְךָ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃

Adonoy, your God, was unwilling to heed Bilam, and Adonoy, your God, turned for you the curse into a blessing, because Adonoy, your God, loved you.

Adonoy, your God, was unwilling to heed Bilam, and Adonoy, your God, turned for you the curse into a blessing, because Adonoy, your God, loved you.

23:7

לֹא־תִדְרֹשׁ שְׁלֹמָם וְטֹבָתָם כׇּל־יָמֶיךָ לְעוֹלָֽם׃ {ס}        

Do not pursue their peace and their benefit all your life forever.

Do not pursue their peace and their benefit all your life forever.

Rashi

לא תדרש שלמם. מִכְּלָל שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר עִמְּךָ יֵשֵׁב בְּקִרְבְּךָ יָכוֹל אַף זֶה כֵּן, תַּ"לֹ לא תדרש שלמם (עי' ספרי):

Do not pursue their peace. By inference from what is said, “He may remain with you, in your midst,” perhaps this one as well? The Torah therefore teaches, “Do not pursue their peace.”

23:8

לֹֽא־תְתַעֵב אֲדֹמִי כִּי אָחִיךָ הוּא לֹא־תְתַעֵב מִצְרִי כִּי־גֵר הָיִיתָ בְאַרְצֽוֹ׃

Do not despise the Edomite, for he is your brother; do not despise the Egyptian, for you were a stranger in his land.

Do not despise the Edomite, for he is your brother; do not despise the Egyptian, for you were a stranger in his land.

Rashi

לא תתעב אדמי. לְגַמְרֵי, וְאַעַ"פִּ שֶׁרָאוּי לְךָ לְתַעֲבוֹ שֶׁיָּצָא בַּחֶרֶב לִקְרָאתֶךָ:

Do not despise the Edomite. Completely, although it would be appropriate for you to despise him, as he advanced towards you with the sword.

לא תתעב מצרי. מִכֹּל וָכֹל, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁזָּרְקוּ זְכוּרֵיכֶם לַיְאוֹר. מַה טַּעַם? שֶׁהָיוּ לָכֶם אַכְסַנְיָא בִּשְׁעַת הַדְּחָק. לְפִיכָךְ —

Do not despise the Egyptian. Totally, although they hurled your males into the river. What is the reason? Because they received you hospitably during a time of need. Therefore:

23:9

בָּנִים אֲשֶׁר־יִוָּלְדוּ לָהֶם דּוֹר שְׁלִישִׁי יָבֹא לָהֶם בִּקְהַל יְהֹוָֽה׃ {ס}        

Children who will be born to them, in the third generation, will enter into Adonoy’s community.

Children who will be born to them, in the third generation, will enter into Adonoy’s community.

Rashi

בנים אשר יולדו להם דור שלישי וגו'. וּשְׁאָר אֻמּוֹת מֻתָּרִים מִיָּד, הָא לָמַדְתָּ שֶׁהַמַּחֲטִיא לָאָדָם קָשֶׁה לוֹ מִן הַהוֹרְגוֹ, שֶׁהַהוֹרְגוֹ הוֹרְגוֹ בָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה וְהַמַּחֲטִיאוֹ מוֹצִיאוֹ מִן הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה וּמִן הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא, לְפִיכָךְ אֱדוֹם שֶׁקִּדְּמָם בַּחֶרֶב לֹא נִתְעַב, וְכֵן מִצְרַיִם שֶׁטִּבְּעוּם, וְאֵלּוּ שֶׁהֶחֱטִיאוּם נִתְעֲבוּ (ספרי):

Children who will be born to them in the third generation, etc. The other nations, however, are permitted immediately. Thus we learn that someone who incites a man to sin is worse than someone who murders him. For the one who murders him, murders him in this world, while the one who incites him to sin, drives him out of this world and the World to Come. Therefore, Edom, who advanced towards them with the sword, is not to be despised. Similarly Egypt, which drowned them. These, however, who incited them to sin, are despicable.

23:10

כִּֽי־תֵצֵא מַחֲנֶה עַל־אֹיְבֶיךָ וְנִשְׁמַרְתָּ מִכֹּל דָּבָר רָֽע׃

When you go out to encamp against your enemies take precautions from every evil thing.

When you go out to encamp against your enemies take precautions from every evil thing.

Rashi

כי תצא וגו' … ונשמרת. שֶׁהַשָּׂטָן מְקַטְרֵג בִּשְׁעַת הַסַּכָּנָה (תלמוד ירושלמי שבת ב'):

When you go out . . . take precautions. As Satan incriminates in times of peril.

23:11

כִּֽי־יִהְיֶה בְךָ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יִהְיֶה טָהוֹר מִקְּרֵה־לָיְלָה וְיָצָא אֶל־מִחוּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶה לֹא יָבֹא אֶל־תּוֹךְ הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃

If there is a man among you who is not undefiled [because of] a nocturnal incident; he must go out of the camp, he may not enter into the midst of the camp.

If there is a man among you who is not undefiled [because of] a nocturnal incident; he must go out of the camp, he may not enter into the midst of the camp.

Rashi

מקרה לילה. דִּבֵּר הַכָּתוּב בַּהוֹוֶה (ספרי):

A nocturnal incident. Scriptural law is expressed in common circumstances.

ויצא אל מחוץ למחנה. זוֹ מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה:

He must go out of the camp. This is a positive commandment.

לא יבא אל תוך המחנה. זוֹ מִצְוַת לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה (שם), וְאָסוּר לִכָּנֵס לְמַחֲנֵה לְוִיָּה, וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן לְמַחֲנֵה שְׁכִינָה (עי' פסחים ס"ח):

He may not enter into the midst of the camp. This is a negative commandment. He is not permitted to enter the camp of the Levites, certainly not the camp of the Shechinah.

23:12

וְהָיָה לִפְנֽוֹת־עֶרֶב יִרְחַץ בַּמָּיִם וּכְבֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ יָבֹא אֶל־תּוֹךְ הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃

As sunset nears he is to immerse in water; and after the sun has set he may enter the the midst of the camp.

As sunset nears he is to immerse in water; and after the sun has set he may enter the the midst of the camp.

Rashi

והיה לפנות ערב. סָמוּךְ לְהֶעֱרֵב שִׁמְשׁוֹ יִטְבֹּל, שֶׁאֵינוֹ טָהוֹר בְּלֹא הֶעֱרֵב הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ (עי' ספרי):

As sunset nears. Close to the setting of the sun, he should immerse himself, as he does not become pure without the setting of the sun.

23:13

וְיָד תִּהְיֶה לְךָ מִחוּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶה וְיָצָאתָ שָּׁמָּה חֽוּץ׃

Have a designated place outside the camp, and you will go out there to excrete.

Have a designated place outside the camp, and you will go out there to excrete.

Rashi

ויד תהיה לך. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ, כְּמוֹ אִישׁ עַל יָדוֹ (במדבר ב'):

Have a designated place. As Targum [Onkelos] renders, similar to “everyone at his place.”

מחוץ למחנה. חוּץ לֶעָנָן:

Outside the camp. Outside the cloud.

23:14

וְיָתֵד תִּהְיֶה לְךָ עַל־אֲזֵנֶךָ וְהָיָה בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ חוּץ וְחָפַרְתָּה בָהּ וְשַׁבְתָּ וְכִסִּיתָ אֶת־צֵאָתֶֽךָ׃

And a peg are you to have in addition to your weapons; when you need to sit to excrete dig with it, then use it again to cover your excrement.

And a peg are you to have in addition to your weapons; when you need to sit to excrete dig with it, then use it again to cover your excrement.

Rashi

על אזנך. לְבַד מִשְּׁאָר כְּלֵי תַּשְׁמִישְׁךָ:

In addition to your weapons. Aside from your other utensils.

אזנך. כְּמוֹ כְּלִי זַיִן:

Your weapons. Similar to “your instruments of force.”

23:15

כִּי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ מִתְהַלֵּךְ ׀ בְּקֶרֶב מַחֲנֶךָ לְהַצִּֽילְךָ וְלָתֵת אֹיְבֶיךָ לְפָנֶיךָ וְהָיָה מַחֲנֶיךָ קָדוֹשׁ וְלֹֽא־יִרְאֶה בְךָ עֶרְוַת דָּבָר וְשָׁב מֵאַחֲרֶֽיךָ׃ {ס}        

For Adonoy, your God, is moving within your camp to save you and to defeat your enemies before you, so your camp must be holy; let Him not see within you disgraceful objects lest He turn away from you.

For Adonoy, your God, is moving within your camp to save you and to defeat your enemies before you, so your camp must be holy; let Him not see within you disgraceful objects lest He turn away from you.

Rashi

ולא יראה בך. הַקָּבָּ"ה ערות דבר:

Let Him not see within you. [Let] the Holy One, Blessed is He [not see] disgraceful objects.

23:16

לֹא־תַסְגִּיר עֶבֶד אֶל־אֲדֹנָיו אֲשֶׁר־יִנָּצֵל אֵלֶיךָ מֵעִם אֲדֹנָֽיו׃

Do not deliver a slave to his master, who escaped to you from his master.

Do not deliver a slave to his master, who escaped to you from his master.

Rashi

לא תסגיר עבד. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ; דָּ"אַ — אֲפִלּוּ עֶבֶד כְּנַעֲנִי שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁבָּרַח מִחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל (גיטין מ"ה):

Do not deliver a slave. As Targum [Onkelos] renders. Another interpretation: Even a Gentile slave owned by a Jew, who fled from outside the land to Eretz Yisroel.

23:17

עִמְּךָ יֵשֵׁב בְּקִרְבְּךָ בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַר בְּאַחַד שְׁעָרֶיךָ בַּטּוֹב לוֹ לֹא תּוֹנֶֽנּוּ׃ {ס}        

With you will he live among you, in the place that he chooses in any of your cities, wherever it is good for him; do not distress him.

With you will he live among you, in the place that he chooses in any of your cities, wherever it is good for him; do not distress him.

23:18

לֹא־תִהְיֶה קְדֵשָׁה מִבְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶה קָדֵשׁ מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

There is not to be a harlot from the daughters of Yisroel; and there shall not be a male prostitute from the sons of Yisroel.

There is not to be a harlot from the daughters of Yisroel; and there shall not be a male prostitute from the sons of Yisroel.

Rashi

לא תהיה קדשה. מֻפְקֶרֶת מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת וּמְזֻמֶּנֶת לִזְנוּת:

There shall not be a harlot. Promiscuous, dedicated to and designated for lecherous relations.

ולא יהיה קדש. מְזֻמָּן לְמִשְׁכַּב זְכוּר; וְאֻנְקְלוֹס תִּרְגֵּם "לָא תְהֵא אִתְּתָא מִבְּנָת יִשְׂרָאֵל לִגְבַר עָבֵד", שֶׁאַף זוֹ מֻפְקֶרֶת לִבְעִילַת זְנוּת הִיא, מֵאַחַר שֶׁאֵין קִדּוּשִׁין תּוֹפְסִין לוֹ בָּהּ, שֶׁהֲרֵי הֻקְּשׁוּ לַחֲמוֹר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "שְׁבוּ לָכֶם פֹּה עִם הַחֲמוֹר" – עַם הַדּוֹמֶה לַחֲמוֹר, וְלָא יִסַּב גַּבְרָא מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אִתְּתָא אָמָה, שֶׁאַף הוּא נַעֲשֶׂה קָדֵשׁ עַל יָדָהּ, שֶׁכָּל בְּעִילוֹתָיו בְּעִילוֹת זְנוּת, שֶׁאֵין קִדּוּשִׁין תּוֹפְסִין לוֹ בָּהּ (עי' קידושין ס"ח):

And there shall not be a male prostitute. Designated for homosexual relations. Onkelos renders, ‘An Israelite woman shall not be kept by a slave,’ for she, too, engages promiscuously in lecherous intimate relations, since his marriage is ineffective with her, as they are compared to the donkey, as it is said, “Remain here with the donkey” — a people compared to the donkey. ‘And an Israelite man shall not marry a maid servant,’ for he, too, becomes a male prostitute through her, since all of their intimate relations amount to lechery, as his marriage is ineffective with her.

23:19

לֹא־תָבִיא אֶתְנַן זוֹנָה וּמְחִיר כֶּלֶב בֵּית יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לְכׇל־נֶדֶר כִּי תוֹעֲבַת יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ גַּם־שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃ {ס}        

Do not bring a harlot’s fee or payment for a dog to the house of Adonoy, your God, in fulfillment of any vow; because Adonoy, your God’s abominations are even both of them.

Do not bring a harlot’s fee or payment for a dog to the house of Adonoy, your God, in fulfillment of any vow; because Adonoy, your God’s abominations are even both of them.

Rashi

אתנן זונה. נָתַן לָהּ טָלֶה בְּאֶתְנַנָּהּ פָּסוּל לְהַקְרָבָה:

A harlot’s fee. [If] he gave her a lamb as her harlot’s fee, it is disqualified as a sacrificial offering.

ומחיר כלב. הֶחֱלִיף שֶׂה בְכֶלֶב (ספרי; תמורה כ"ט):

Or payment for a dog. If he exchanged a sheep for a dog.

גם שניהם. לְרַבּוֹת שִׁנּוּיֵיהֶם, כְּגוֹן חִטִּים וַעֲשָׂאָן סֹלֶת (שם ל'):

Even both. This adds alterations in form, as, for example, wheat kernels ground into flour.

23:20

לֹא־תַשִּׁיךְ לְאָחִיךָ נֶשֶׁךְ כֶּסֶף נֶשֶׁךְ אֹכֶל נֶשֶׁךְ כׇּל־דָּבָר אֲשֶׁר יִשָּֽׁךְ׃

You may not pay usury to your brother, usury on money, usury on food; usury on any matter where it is paid.

You may not pay usury to your brother, usury on money, usury on food; usury on any matter where it is paid.

Rashi

לא תשיך. אַזְהָרָה לַלֹּוֶה שֶׁלֹּא יִתֵּן רִבִּית לַמַּלְוֶה (עי' ספרי) (וְאַחַר כָּךְ אַזְהָרָה לַמַּלְוֶה אֶת כַּסְפְּךָ לֹא תִתֵּן לוֹ בְּנֶשֶׁךְ):

You may not pay usury. This prohibits the borrower from paying interest to the lender. [Afterward, the prohibition to the lender: ‘You may not lend him your money for usury.’]

23:21

לַנׇּכְרִי תַשִּׁיךְ וּלְאָחִיךָ לֹא תַשִּׁיךְ לְמַעַן יְבָרֶכְךָ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּכֹל מִשְׁלַח יָדֶךָ עַל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּה בָא־שָׁמָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ {ס}        

You may pay usury to the stranger, but to your brother do not pay usury; in order that Adonoy, your God, will bless you in all your commerce on the land that you are coming there to inherit.

You may pay usury to the stranger, but to your brother do not pay usury; in order that Adonoy, your God, will bless you in all your commerce on the land that you are coming there to inherit.

Rashi

לנכרי תשיך. וְלֹא לְאָחִיךָ, לָאו הַבָּא מִכְּלַל עֲשֵׂה, עֲשֵׂה, לַעֲבֹר עָלָיו בִּשְׁנֵי לָאוין וַעֲשֵׂה:

You may pay usury to the stranger. But not to your brother. A negative commandment deduced from the positive constitutes a positive commandment — so that he transgresses, for this, two negative commandments and one positive commandment.

23:22

כִּֽי־תִדֹּר נֶדֶר לַיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לֹא תְאַחֵר לְשַׁלְּמוֹ כִּֽי־דָרֹשׁ יִדְרְשֶׁנּוּ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ מֵֽעִמָּךְ וְהָיָה בְךָ חֵֽטְא׃

If you make a vow to Adonoy, your God, do not delay in discharging it; for Adonoy, your God, will surely demand it from you, and you will be at fault.

If you make a vow to Adonoy, your God, do not delay in discharging it; for Adonoy, your God, will surely demand it from you, and you will be at fault.

Rashi

לא תאחר לשלמו. שְׁלוֹשָׁה רְגָלִים, וּלְמָדוּהוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ מִן הַמִּקְרָא (ראש השנה ד'):

Do not delay in discharging it. For three festivals. The Rabbis derive this from Scripture.

23:23

וְכִי תֶחְדַּל לִנְדֹּר לֹֽא־יִהְיֶה בְךָ חֵֽטְא׃

But if you desist from vowing, no fault will be found with you.

But if you desist from vowing, no fault will be found with you.

23:24

מוֹצָא שְׂפָתֶיךָ תִּשְׁמֹר וְעָשִׂיתָ כַּאֲשֶׁר נָדַרְתָּ לַיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ נְדָבָה אֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתָּ בְּפִֽיךָ׃ {ס}        

Keep what you have articulated; and perform whatever you vow; to Adonoy, your God, voluntarily—whatever you say with your mouth.

Keep what you have articulated; and perform whatever you vow; to Adonoy, your God, voluntarily—whatever you say with your mouth.

Rashi

מוצא שפתיך תשמר. לִתֵּן עֲשֵׂה עַל לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה (שם ו'):

Keep what you have articulated and perform. This specifies a positive commandment with the negative.

23:25

כִּי תָבֹא בְּכֶרֶם רֵעֶךָ וְאָכַלְתָּ עֲנָבִים כְּנַפְשְׁךָ שׇׂבְעֶךָ וְאֶֽל־כֶּלְיְךָ לֹא תִתֵּֽן׃ {ס}        

When you enter your fellow’s vineyard, you may eat grapes as you desire, to your satisfaction; but you may not place it in your container.

When you enter your fellow’s vineyard, you may eat grapes as you desire, to your satisfaction; but you may not place it in your container.

Rashi

כי תבא בכרם רעך. בְּפוֹעֵל הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר:

When you enter your fellow’s vineyard. Scripture refers to a laborer.

כנפשך. כַּמָּה שֶׁתִּרְצֶה:

As you desire. As much as you desire.

שבעך. וְלֹא אֲכִילָה גַסָּה (בבא מציעא פ"ז):

To your satisfaction. But not to gorge yourself.

ואל כליך לא תתן. מִכָּאן שֶׁלֹּא דִּבְּרָה תוֹרָה אֶלָּא בִּשְׁעַת הַבָּצִיר, בִּזְמַן שֶׁאַתָּה נוֹתֵן לְכֶלְיוֹ שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת (ספרי; בבא מציעא פ"ט), אֲבָל אִם בָּא לַעֲדֹר וּלְקַשְׁקֵשׁ אֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל (שם פ"ז):

But you may not place it in your container. From here [we derive] that the Torah refers only to harvest time, when you place it into the owner’s receptacle. However, if he enters to till or to hoe, he may not eat.

23:26

כִּי תָבֹא בְּקָמַת רֵעֶךָ וְקָטַפְתָּ מְלִילֹת בְּיָדֶךָ וְחֶרְמֵשׁ לֹא תָנִיף עַל קָמַת רֵעֶֽךָ׃ {ס}        

When you enter your fellow’s standing grainstalks, you may cut off stalks by hand, but do not lift a sickle over your fellow’s standing grainstalks.

When you enter your fellow’s standing grainstalks, you may cut off stalks by hand, but do not lift a sickle over your fellow’s standing grainstalks.

Rashi

כי תבא בקמת רעך. אַף זוֹ בְּפוֹעֵל הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר:

When you enter your fellow’s standing grainstalks. With this, as well, Scripture refers to the laborer.

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934 · License: PD
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

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