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19:1

וַֽיְהִי אַחֲרֵי־כֵן וַיָּמׇת נָחָשׁ מֶלֶךְ בְּנֵֽי־עַמּוֹן וַיִּמְלֹךְ בְּנוֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃

Now it came to pass after this, that Naĥash the king of the children of ῾Ammon died, and his son reigned in his stead.

Now it came to pass after this, that Naĥash the king of the children of ῾Ammon died, and his son reigned in his stead.

19:2

וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִיד אֶעֱשֶׂה־חֶסֶד ׀ עִם־חָנוּן בֶּן־נָחָשׁ כִּֽי־עָשָׂה אָבִיו עִמִּי חֶסֶד וַיִּשְׁלַח דָּוִיד מַלְאָכִים לְנַחֲמוֹ עַל־אָבִיו וַיָּבֹאוּ עַבְדֵי דָוִיד אֶל־אֶרֶץ בְּנֵֽי־עַמּוֹן אֶל־חָנוּן לְנַחֲמֽוֹ׃

And David said, I will deal loyally with Ḥanun the son of Naĥash, because his father dealt loyally with me. And David sent messengers to comfort him concerning his father. So the servants of David came into the land of the children of ῾Ammon to Ḥanun, to comfort him.

And David said, I will deal loyally with Ḥanun the son of Naĥash, because his father dealt loyally with me. And David sent messengers to comfort him concerning his father. So the servants of David came into the land of the children of ῾Ammon to Ḥanun, to comfort him.

Rashi

כי עשה אביו עמי חסד. לקח דוד אביו ואמו ואחיו ובית אביו והושיבם במחוז מלך מואב כדכתיב (שמואל א כ״ב:ג׳) וילך דויד משם מצפה מואב ויאמר אל מלך מואב יצא נא אבי ואמי אתכם וגו' ובאו בני מואב והרגום כולם חוץ מאליהו אחי דוד שברח לארץ בני עמון וקבלו נחש מלך בני עמון שהרי לא נזכרו עוד חוץ מאליהו שכתוב במחלקות בנשיאים ליהודה אליהו מאחי דוד (לקמן א' כ"ז) וזהו אשר עשה אביו עמי חסד ועל פי אותה איבה הכה דוד את מואב והתעולל בהם יותר מיתר אויביו דכתיב (בשמואל ב ח׳:א׳) ויך דוד את מואב וגו':

19:3

וַיֹּאמְרוּ שָׂרֵי בְנֵי־עַמּוֹן לְחָנוּן הַֽמְכַבֵּד דָּוִיד אֶת־אָבִיךָ בְּעֵינֶיךָ כִּֽי־שָׁלַח לְךָ מְנַחֲמִים הֲלֹא בַּעֲבוּר לַחְקֹר וְלַהֲפֹךְ וּלְרַגֵּל הָאָרֶץ בָּאוּ עֲבָדָיו אֵלֶֽיךָ׃

But the princes of the children of ῾Ammon said to Ḥanun, Thinkst thou that David honours thy father, that he has sent comforters to thee? are not his servants come to thee to search, and to overthrow, and to spy out the land?

But the princes of the children of ῾Ammon said to Ḥanun, Thinkst thou that David honours thy father, that he has sent comforters to thee? are not his servants come to thee to search, and to overthrow, and to spy out the land?

Rashi

המכבד דוד את אביך בעיניך. והלא כתוב בתורתם לא תדרוש שלומם וטובתם (דברים כ״ג:ז׳) וסבור אתה שמניח מצות אלהיו ובא לדרוש שלומך ולכבוד אביך שלח לך מנחמים הלא בעבור לחקור וגו':

19:4

וַיִּקַּח חָנוּן אֶת־עַבְדֵי דָוִיד וַֽיְגַלְּחֵם וַיִּכְרֹת אֶת־מַדְוֵיהֶם בַּחֵצִי עַד־הַמִּפְשָׂעָה וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽם׃

So Ḥanun took David’s servants, and shaved them, and cut off their garments in the middle to their hips, and sent them away.

So Ḥanun took David’s servants, and shaved them, and cut off their garments in the middle to their hips, and sent them away.

Rashi

מדויהם. כמו מדו בד (ויקרא ו'):

בחצי עד המפשעה. עד ערותן פנים ואחור (ובשמואל ב' ט') כתיב שתותיהם עד ערותן כמו חשופי שת ערות מצרים (ישעיהו כ׳:ד׳):

19:5

וַיֵּלְכוּ וַיַּגִּידוּ לְדָוִיד עַל־הָֽאֲנָשִׁים וַיִּשְׁלַח לִקְרָאתָם כִּֽי־הָיוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים נִכְלָמִים מְאֹד וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁבוּ בִֽירֵחוֹ עַד אֲשֶׁר־יְצַמַּח זְקַנְכֶם וְשַׁבְתֶּֽם׃ {ס}        

Then there went certain persons, and told David how the men had been treated. And he sent to meet them: for the men were greatly ashamed. And the king said, Tarry at Yeriĥo until your beards are grown, and then return.

Then there went certain persons, and told David how the men had been treated. And he sent to meet them: for the men were greatly ashamed. And the king said, Tarry at Yeriĥo until your beards are grown, and then return.

19:6

וַיִּרְאוּ בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן כִּי הִֽתְבָּאֲשׁוּ עִם־דָּוִיד וַיִּשְׁלַח חָנוּן וּבְנֵי עַמּוֹן אֶלֶף כִּכַּר־כֶּסֶף לִשְׂכֹּר לָהֶם מִן־אֲרַם נַהֲרַיִם וּמִן־אֲרַם מַֽעֲכָה וּמִצּוֹבָה רֶכֶב וּפָרָשִֽׁים׃

And when the children of ῾Ammon saw that they had made themselves odious to David, Ḥanun and the children of ῾Ammon sent a thousand talents of silver to hire for themselves chariots and horsemen out of Aram-naharayim, and out of Aram-ma῾akha, and out of Żova.

And when the children of ῾Ammon saw that they had made themselves odious to David, Ḥanun and the children of ῾Ammon sent a thousand talents of silver to hire for themselves chariots and horsemen out of Aram-naharayim, and out of Aram-ma῾akha, and out of Żova.

Rashi

מן ארם נהרים ומן ארם מעכה. ארמים הרבה היו וזהו ארם מעכה ארם היושבים במעכה ומן ארמים יושבים על נהר פרת וארם צובה וארם סתם הוא ועיקר האומה וכן עמונים היושבים בעמון קרוים עמונים ועיקר האומה בשאר מקומות וכן בני עשו בארץ שעיר באדום:

19:7

וַיִּשְׂכְּרוּ לָהֶם שְׁנַיִם וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אֶלֶף רֶכֶב וְאֶת־מֶלֶךְ מַֽעֲכָה וְאֶת־עַמּוֹ וַיָּבֹאוּ וַֽיַּחֲנוּ לִפְנֵי מֵֽידְבָא {ס}        וּבְנֵי עַמּוֹן נֶֽאֶסְפוּ מֵעָרֵיהֶם וַיָּבֹאוּ לַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ {ס}        

So they hired thirty two thousand chariots, and the king of Ma῾akha and his people; who came and encamped before Medeva. And the children of ῾Ammon gathered themselves together from their cities, and came to battle.

So they hired thirty two thousand chariots, and the king of Ma῾akha and his people; who came and encamped before Medeva. And the children of ῾Ammon gathered themselves together from their cities, and came to battle.

19:8

וַיִּשְׁמַע דָּוִיד וַיִּשְׁלַח אֶת־יוֹאָב וְאֵת כׇּל־צָבָא הַגִּבּוֹרִֽים׃

And when David heard of it, he sent Yo᾽av, and all the host of the mighty men.

And when David heard of it, he sent Yo᾽av, and all the host of the mighty men.

19:9

וַיֵּֽצְאוּ בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן וַיַּעַרְכוּ מִלְחָמָה פֶּתַח הָעִיר וְהַמְּלָכִים אֲשֶׁר־בָּאוּ לְבַדָּם בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃

And the children of ῾Ammon came out, and ranged themselves in battle before the gate of the city: and the kings that were come were by themselves in the field.

And the children of ῾Ammon came out, and ranged themselves in battle before the gate of the city: and the kings that were come were by themselves in the field.

Rashi

לבדם בשדה. חלקו חיילותם לשתי מערכות בני עמון במערכה אחת פתח העיר כנגד כל ישראל והמלכים אשר עמהם במערכה אחרות לבדם בשדה מאחור לישראל:

19:10

וַיַּרְא יוֹאָב כִּֽי־הָיְתָה פְנֵֽי־הַמִּלְחָמָה אֵלָיו פָּנִים וְאָחוֹר וַיִּבְחַר מִכׇּל־בָּחוּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וַֽיַּעֲרֹךְ לִקְרַאת אֲרָֽם׃

Now when Yo᾽av saw that the battle was set against him before and behind, he chose out of all the choice men of Yisra᾽el, and ranged them against Aram.

Now when Yo᾽av saw that the battle was set against him before and behind, he chose out of all the choice men of Yisra᾽el, and ranged them against Aram.

19:11

וְאֵת יֶתֶר הָעָם נָתַן בְּיַד אַבְשַׁי אָחִיו וַיַּעַרְכוּ לִקְרַאת בְּנֵי עַמּֽוֹן׃

And the rest of the people he delivered into the hand of Avshay his brother, and they ranged themselves against the children of ῾Ammon.

And the rest of the people he delivered into the hand of Avshay his brother, and they ranged themselves against the children of ῾Ammon.

Rashi

ביד אבשי. לאבישי שכל דברי הימים כתיב אבשי וגם אבשי קרינן לבד מאלו שנים שיצאו מן הכלל על פי המסורה ולכך בכל הספר הזה אבשי שכל הספר הזה נכתב בשביל כבודו של דוד ואין זה כבודו שיקראו לבן אחותו אבישי דמשמע גם אני חשוב כדוד כי אבי הוא ישי לכך בכל הספר הזה אבשי ובכל ספר שמואל אבישי לבד חד אבשי ואת יתר העם נתן ביד אבשי ועל פי המסורה שהרי כן הוא שהיה ישי אבי אמו צרויה שהיא היתה אמו:

19:12

וַיֹּאמֶר אִם־תֶּחֱזַק מִמֶּנִּי אֲרָם וְהָיִיתָ לִּי לִתְשׁוּעָה {ס}        וְאִם־בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן יֶחֶזְקוּ מִמְּךָ וְהוֹשַׁעְתִּֽיךָ׃

And he said, If Aram is too strong for me, then thou shalt help me: but if the children of ῾Ammon are too strong for thee, then I will help thee.

And he said, If Aram is too strong for me, then thou shalt help me: but if the children of ῾Ammon are too strong for thee, then I will help thee.

19:13

חֲזַק וְנִֽתְחַזְּקָה בְּעַד־עַמֵּנוּ וּבְעַד עָרֵי אֱלֹהֵינוּ וַֽיהֹוָה הַטּוֹב בְּעֵינָיו יַעֲשֶֽׂה׃

Be of good courage, and let us prove strong for our people, and for the cities of our God: and let the Lord do that which is good in his sight:

Be of good courage, and let us prove strong for our people, and for the cities of our God: and let the Lord do that which is good in his sight:

19:14

וַיִּגַּשׁ יוֹאָב וְהָעָם אֲשֶׁר־עִמּוֹ לִפְנֵי אֲרָם לַמִּלְחָמָה וַיָּנוּסוּ מִפָּנָֽיו׃

So Yo᾽av and the people that were with him drew near before Aram to the battle; and they fled before him.

So Yo᾽av and the people that were with him drew near before Aram to the battle; and they fled before him.

19:15

וּבְנֵי עַמּוֹן רָאוּ כִּֽי־נָס אֲרָם וַיָּנוּסוּ גַם־הֵם מִפְּנֵי אַבְשַׁי אָחִיו וַיָּבֹאוּ הָעִירָה וַיָּבֹא יוֹאָב יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃ {ס}        

And when the children of ῾Ammon saw that Aram had fled, they likewise fled before Avshay his brother, and entered the city. Then Yo᾽av came to Yerushalayim.

And when the children of ῾Ammon saw that Aram had fled, they likewise fled before Avshay his brother, and entered the city. Then Yo᾽av came to Yerushalayim.

19:16

וַיַּרְא אֲרָם כִּי נִגְּפוּ לִפְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ מַלְאָכִים וַיּוֹצִיאוּ אֶת־אֲרָם אֲשֶׁר מֵעֵבֶר הַנָּהָר וְשׁוֹפַךְ שַׂר־צְבָא הֲדַדְעֶזֶר לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃

And when Aram saw that they were put to the worse before Yisra᾽el, they sent messengers, and brought out the men of Aram who were beyond the river: and Shofakh the captain of the host of Hadad῾ezer went before them.

And when Aram saw that they were put to the worse before Yisra᾽el, they sent messengers, and brought out the men of Aram who were beyond the river: and Shofakh the captain of the host of Hadad῾ezer went before them.

Rashi

ושופך שר צבא. (ובשמואל כ"ט) כתיב ושובך שר צבא פירשו רבותינו בסוטה שובך שהוא גבוה כשובך שופך שהיה שופך דמים כמים:

19:17

וַיֻּגַּד לְדָוִיד וַיֶּאֱסֹף אֶת־כׇּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּעֲבֹר הַיַּרְדֵּן וַיָּבֹא אֲלֵהֶם וַֽיַּעֲרֹךְ אֲלֵהֶם וַיַּעֲרֹךְ דָּוִיד לִקְרַאת אֲרָם מִלְחָמָה וַיִּֽלָּחֲמוּ עִמּֽוֹ׃

And it was told David; and he gathered all Yisra᾽el, and passed over the Yarden, and came upon them, and ranged himself against them. So David put the battle in array against Aram, and they fought with him.

And it was told David; and he gathered all Yisra᾽el, and passed over the Yarden, and came upon them, and ranged himself against them. So David put the battle in array against Aram, and they fought with him.

19:18

וַיָּנׇס אֲרָם מִלִּפְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּהֲרֹג דָּוִיד מֵאֲרָם שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים רֶכֶב וְאַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף אִישׁ רַגְלִי וְאֵת שׁוֹפַךְ שַֽׂר־הַצָּבָא הֵמִֽית׃

But Aram fled before Yisra᾽el; and David slew of Aram seven thousand charioteers, and forty thousand footmen, and killed Shofakh the captain of the host.

But Aram fled before Yisra᾽el; and David slew of Aram seven thousand charioteers, and forty thousand footmen, and killed Shofakh the captain of the host.

19:19

וַיִּרְאוּ עַבְדֵי הֲדַדְעֶזֶר כִּי נִגְּפוּ לִפְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּשְׁלִימוּ עִם־דָּוִיד וַיַּעַבְדֻהוּ וְלֹֽא־אָבָה אֲרָם לְהוֹשִׁיעַ אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־עַמּוֹן עֽוֹד׃ {ס}        

And when the servants of Hadad῾ezer saw that they were put to the worse before Yisra᾽el, they made peace with David, and became his servants: and Aram was not willing to help the children of ῾Ammon any more.

And when the servants of Hadad῾ezer saw that they were put to the worse before Yisra᾽el, they made peace with David, and became his servants: and Aram was not willing to help the children of ῾Ammon any more.

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: The Koren Jerusalem Bible · License: CC-BY-NC
  • Hebrew: On Your Way · License: PD

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