Tanach
Ezra 4 עזרא ד׳
Part of: Petuchah, Ezra 4:1Petuchah, Ezra 4:8Petuchah, Ezra 4:12Petuchah, Ezra 4:17Petuchah, Ezra 4:18Setumah, Ezra 4:7Setumah, Ezra 4:13Setumah, Ezra 4:14Setumah, Ezra 4:23Setumah, Ezra 4:24
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַֽיִּשְׁמְעוּ צָרֵי יְהוּדָה וּבִנְיָמִן כִּֽי־בְנֵי הַגּוֹלָה בּוֹנִים הֵיכָל לַיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
And the oppressors of Judah and Benjamin [(stationed by Sancherev in Eretz Yisrael [viz. II Kings 17:24] heard that the men of the exile were building a sanctuary for the L-rd, the G-d of Israel.
And the oppressors of Judah and Benjamin [(stationed by Sancherev in Eretz Yisrael [viz. II Kings 17:24] heard that the men of the exile were building a sanctuary for the L-rd, the G-d of Israel.
Rashi
וַיִּגְּשׁוּ אֶל־זְרֻבָּבֶל וְאֶל־רָאשֵׁי הָֽאָבוֹת וַיֹּאמְרוּ לָהֶם נִבְנֶה עִמָּכֶם כִּי כָכֶם נִדְרוֹשׁ לֵֽאלֹהֵיכֶם (ולא) [וְלוֹ ׀] אֲנַחְנוּ זֹבְחִים מִימֵי אֵסַר חַדֹּן מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר הַמַּעֲלֶה אֹתָנוּ פֹּֽה׃
And they drew near to Zerubavel and to the heads of the fathers' [houses], and they said to them: Let us build together with you, for just as you, shall we solicit your G-d. And it is to Him that we sacrifice from the days of Essar-chaddon, king of Ashur, who brought us up here [(their intent being to sabotage the building of the Temple)].
And they drew near to Zerubavel and to the heads of the fathers' [houses], and they said to them: Let us build together with you, for just as you, shall we solicit your G-d. And it is to Him that we sacrifice from the days of Essar-chaddon, king of Ashur, who brought us up here [(their intent being to sabotage the building of the Temple)].
Rashi
ויאמרו להם נבנה עמכם. היו אומרים כך למען תתבטל מלאכת הבית על ידיהם שלא לבנות עוד:
and said to them, “Let us build with you...” They said this in order that through them the work of the Temple should be disrupted, that they should build no more.
מימי אסר חדון מלך אשור. בנו של סנחריב שלאחר שסנחריב הושיבם שם הרגוהו אדרמלך ושראצר בניו וימלוך אסר חדון בנו תחתיו שנאמר (ישעיה ל"ו) ויהי הוא משתחוה בית נסרוך אלהיו ואדרמלך ושראצר בניו הכוהו בחרב וגומר וימלך אסר חדון בנו תחתיו:
since the days of Esarhaddon the king of Assyria the son of Sannecherib, for after Sannecherib settled them there, as it says (II Kings 19:37, Isa. 37:38): “And he was prostrating himself in the temple of Nisroch his god, and Adramelech and Sharezer, his sons, slew him by the sword etc., and his son Esarhaddon reigned in his stead.”
וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם זְרֻבָּבֶל וְיֵשׁוּעַ וּשְׁאָר רָאשֵׁי הָֽאָבוֹת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל לֹֽא־לָכֶם וָלָנוּ לִבְנוֹת בַּיִת לֵאלֹהֵינוּ כִּי אֲנַחְנוּ יַחַד נִבְנֶה לַֽיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּנוּ הַמֶּלֶךְ כּוֹרֶשׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרָֽס׃
And Zerubavel and Yeshua and the rest of the heads of the fathers' [houses] of Israel said to them: It is not for you and us [together] to build the house of our G-d, but we [alone] shall build together to the L-rd, the G-d of Israel, as the king commanded us, Koresh, king of Paras.
And Zerubavel and Yeshua and the rest of the heads of the fathers' [houses] of Israel said to them: It is not for you and us [together] to build the house of our G-d, but we [alone] shall build together to the L-rd, the G-d of Israel, as the king commanded us, Koresh, king of Paras.
Rashi
כי אנחנו. אלא אנחנו לבדנו נבנה כי זה משמש במקום אלא:
but we Heb. כִּי, but we alone shall build. This כִּי serves in place of אֶלָּא, but.
וַיְהִי עַם־הָאָרֶץ מְרַפִּים יְדֵי עַם־יְהוּדָה (ומבלהים) [וּֽמְבַהֲלִים] אוֹתָם לִבְנֽוֹת׃
And the people of the land [(the oppressors of Judah and Benjamin)] weakened the hand [of the laborers] of Judah, and deterred them from building.
And the people of the land [(the oppressors of Judah and Benjamin)] weakened the hand [of the laborers] of Judah, and deterred them from building.
Rashi
עם הארץ. הם צרי יהודה ובנימן:
the people of the land They are the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin.
מרפים. לבטלם ממלאכתם:
were hindering to disrupt them from their work.
לבנות. כמו מלבנות, וכן עד כי חדל לספור:
from building Heb. לִבְנוֹת, lit. to build, and so (Gen. 41:49): “until one ceased to count (לִסְפֹּר).”
וְסֹכְרִים עֲלֵיהֶם יוֹעֲצִים לְהָפֵר עֲצָתָם כׇּל־יְמֵי כּוֹרֶשׁ מֶלֶךְ פָּרַס וְעַד־מַלְכוּת דָּרְיָוֶשׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרָֽס׃
And they hired counselors against them to defeat their counsels all the days of Koresh king of Paras [(and of Achashverosh, who followed him)] until the [(twelfth year of)] the reign of Darius, king of Paras.
And they hired counselors against them to defeat their counsels all the days of Koresh king of Paras [(and of Achashverosh, who followed him)] until the [(twelfth year of)] the reign of Darius, king of Paras.
Rashi
וסוכרים. כתיב בסמ"ך ופתרונו כאלו כתוב בשי"ן שהיו שוכרים יועצים כדי לבטל המלאכה:
And they would hire Heb. וְסֹכְרִים. This is written with a “sammech,” but its meaning is as though it was written with a “sin,” [meaning] that they would hire advisors to disrupt the work.
כל ימי. מלכות כורש ומלכות אחשורוש אשר מלך אחר כורש עד שנת שתים לדריוש שמלך אחר אחשורוש היתה המלאכה בטלה:
all the days of the reign of Cyrus and the reign of Ahasuerus, who reigned after Cyrus, until the second year of Darius, who reigned after Ahasuerus, the work was stopped.
וּבְמַלְכוּת אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ בִּתְחִלַּת מַלְכוּתוֹ כָּתְבוּ שִׂטְנָה עַל־יֹשְׁבֵי יְהוּדָה וִירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃ {ס}
And during the reign of Achashverosh, [(who followed Darius the Mede, and who took Esther to wife)], in the beginning of his reign, they wrote a libel against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem [(to stop them from building the Temple)].
And during the reign of Achashverosh, [(who followed Darius the Mede, and who took Esther to wife)], in the beginning of his reign, they wrote a libel against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem [(to stop them from building the Temple)].
Rashi
ובמלכות אחשורוש. שמלך אחר כורש הוא אחשורוש שלקח אסתר:
And in the reign of Ahasuerus who reigned after Cyrus; he is the Ahasuerus who took Esther.
כתבו שטנה. שלא לבנות בית המקדש:
they wrote an accusation not to build the Temple.
על יושבי יהודה וירושלים. להלשינם ולקנתר' שלא יבנו הבית:
against the dwellers of Judea and Jerusalem to inform on them and to chide them not to build the Temple.
וּבִימֵי אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתָּא כָּתַב בִּשְׁלָם מִתְרְדָת טָֽבְאֵל וּשְׁאָר כְּנָוֺתָו עַל־אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא מֶלֶךְ פָּרָס וּכְתָב הַֽנִּשְׁתְּוָן כָּתוּב אֲרָמִית וּמְתֻרְגָּם אֲרָמִֽית׃ {פ}
And in the days of Artachshasta [(Koresh, king of Paras)] an epistle of peace was written by Mitredath-tav'el [(one of the oppressors of Judah and Benjamin and the rest of his confederates to Artachshast, king of Paras in Aramaic script, and it was interpreted in Aramaic.
And in the days of Artachshasta [(Koresh, king of Paras)] an epistle of peace was written by Mitredath-tav'el [(one of the oppressors of Judah and Benjamin and the rest of his confederates to Artachshast, king of Paras in Aramaic script, and it was interpreted in Aramaic.
Rashi
ובימי ארתחששתא. הוא כורש מלך פרס מנין אותיות של כורש עולה למנין אותיות דריוש וכן שנינו במסכת ר"ה הוא כורש הוא דריוש הוא ארתחששתא כורש על שם שמלך כשר היה ארתחששתא על שם המלכות ובסדר עולם מצאתי דריוש הוא ארתחששתא וכל המלכות כולה נקראת ארתחששתא וכו':
And in the days of Artaxerxes He is Cyrus, the king of Persia. The numerical value of the letters of כּרֶשּׁ equal the numerical value of the letters of דָּרְיָוֶשּׁ: [כ = 20; ר = 200; שּׁ = 300; total = 520. ד = 4; ר = 200; י = 10; 520 ו = 6; שּׁ = 300; total = 520.] And so we learned in Tractate Rosh Hashanah (3b): “The same one is Cyrus, who is Darius, who is Artaxerxes.” [He was called Cyrus כּרֶשּׁ because he was a worthy (כָּשֵּׁר) king; Artaxerxes, because of the kingdom, and in Seder Olam (ch. 30): “Darius was Artaxerxes (אַרְתַּחְשַּׁשְּׁתָּא), and the entire kingdom was called Artaxerxes, etc.” [meaning that all the kings were called Artaxerxes].
כתב בשלם. כתב מכתבו בדברים של שלום:
wrote with peace wrote his letter with words of peace.
מתרדת טבאל. שם אדם הוא מצרי יהודה ובנימין:
Mithredath Tabeel This is the name of a man, one of the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin.
ושאר כנותיו. חברותיו וסיעותיו:
and the rest of his colleagues Heb. כְּנָותָיו, his companies and his societies.
על ארתחששתא. אל ארתחששתא:
to Artaxerxes [as translated,] to Artaxerxes.
וכתב הנשתון. וכתב האגרת:
and the script of the epistle Heb. וּכְתָב הַנִשְּׁתְּוָן.
כתוב ארמית. באותיות ארמית:
written in Aramaic in Aramaic characters.
ומתורגם ארמית. המכתב היה מפורש בל' ארמית:
and explained in Aramaic The script was explained in the Aramaic language.
רְחוּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵם וְשִׁמְשַׁי סָֽפְרָא כְּתַבוּ אִגְּרָה חֲדָה עַל־יְרוּשְׁלֶם לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא מַלְכָּא כְּנֵֽמָא׃
Rechum, the secretary, and Shimshai [(one of the sons of Haman)], the scribe, wrote a letter [(by word of Mitredath-tav'el)] concerning Jerusalem to Artachshasta the king, as will follow.
Rechum, the secretary, and Shimshai [(one of the sons of Haman)], the scribe, wrote a letter [(by word of Mitredath-tav'el)] concerning Jerusalem to Artachshasta the king, as will follow.
Rashi
רחום בעל טעם. רחום היה מזכיר ובעל דברים לסדר המכתב:
Rehum was the secretary Rehum was the secretary and the master of words to compose the epistle.
ושמשי ספרא. ושמשי היה סופר הוא שמשי בנו של המן, וכן דרך המקרא להזכיר סופר ומזכיר שניהם ביחד לפי שהם זקוקים זה לזה הא' מסדר ומזכירו והסופר כותב שנאמר (מלכים א ד׳:ג׳) אליחרף ואחיה בני שישא סופרים יהושפט בן אחילוד המזכיר ובמקום אחר נאמר ויבא אליקים בן חלקיהו וגו' (שם ב י"ח) ושבנא הסופר ויואח בן אסף המזכיר:
and Shimshai was the scribe And Shimshai was the scribe: he is Shimshai the son of Haman. So it is customary to mention the scribe and the secretary together because they need each other; one composes and dictates, and the scribe writes, as it says (I Kings 4:3): “Eliphoreph and Ahiah, the sons of Shisha, scribes, Jehoshaphat, the son of Ahlud, the secretary,” and in another place it says (Isa. 36: 22): “And Eliakim, the son of Hilkiah etc. and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, the son of Asaph the secretary, came.”
כתבו אגרא. הללו שניהם רחום ושמשי כתבו האגרת כאשר צוה אליהם מתרדת וטבאל וכולם היו מיושבים בערי שומרון:
they wrote a letter These two, Rehum and Shimshai, wrote the letter as Mithredath Tabeel had commanded them, and they all were dwellers of the cities of Samaria.
על ירושלים. על אודות בנין ב"ה אשר בירושלים:
about Jerusalem about the building of the Temple, which is in Jerusalem.
כנימא. כאשר נאמר והוא דוגמת לשון גמרא כדבעינן למימר קמן:
as is stated Aram. כְּנֵמָא, as is stated, and that is similar to the expression of the Gemara: “as we wish to say further.”
אֱדַיִן רְחוּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵם וְשִׁמְשַׁי סָֽפְרָא וּשְׁאָר כְּנָוָתְהוֹן דִּינָיֵא וַאֲפַרְסַתְכָיֵא טַרְפְּלָיֵא אֲפָֽרְסָיֵא (ארכוי) [אַרְכֳּוָיֵא] בָבְלָיֵא שֽׁוּשַׁנְכָיֵא (דהוא) [דֶּהָיֵא] עֵלְמָיֵֽא׃
Then [i.e., in that intrigue] were Rechum, the secretary, Shimshai, the scribe, and the rest of their confederates [(whom Sancherev had planted in the cities of Shomron)]: the Dinites, the Afarsatchites, the Tarpelites, the Afarsites, the Arkavites, the Bavlites, the Shushanchites, the Dehaites, and the Elmaites,
Then [i.e., in that intrigue] were Rechum, the secretary, Shimshai, the scribe, and the rest of their confederates [(whom Sancherev had planted in the cities of Shomron)]: the Dinites, the Afarsatchites, the Tarpelites, the Afarsites, the Arkavites, the Bavlites, the Shushanchites, the Dehaites, and the Elmaites,
Rashi
אדין. אז:
Then Aram. אֱדַיִן, equivalent to the Hebrew אָז.
רחום. שם אדם:
Rehum the name of a man.
בעל טעם. מזכיר ובעל דברים:
the secretary Aram. בְּעֵל טְעֵם secretary and master of words.
ושאר כנותהון. ושאר סיעותיהם:
דיניא ואפרסתכיא וגו'. הללו כולם שמות של עכו"ם שהושיב סנחריב בערי שומרון:
the Dinites, the Apharesattechites, etc. All these are names of nations whom Sennacherib repatriated in the cities of Samaria.
אפרסיא. הם פרסיי' שהושיב סנחריב בערי שומרון:
the Apharesites They are the Persians whom Sennacherib settled in the cities of Samaria.
ארכוי. הם בני ארך שנאמר וארך ואכד וכלנה (ראשית י'):
the Archevites They are the people of Erech, as it says (Gen. 10:10): “and Erech and Accad and Calneh.”
בבליא. הם בני בבל:
the Babylonians the people of Babylon.
שושנכיא. בני שושן הבירה:
the Shushanchites the people of Shushan, the capital.
עלמיא. בני עילם מכל העכו"ם הללו הושיב סנחריב בא"י וכולן היו משיבין ומסכימים בשליחות המכתב זה:
the Elamites the people of Elam. Sennacherib settled all of these peoples in the land of Israel, and all of them were settling and concurring with the commission of this letter.
וּשְׁאָר אֻמַּיָּא דִּי הַגְלִי אׇסְנַפַּר רַבָּא וְיַקִּירָא וְהוֹתֵב הִמּוֹ בְּקִרְיָה דִּי שָׁמְרָיִן וּשְׁאָר עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָה וּכְעֶֽנֶת׃
and the rest of the peoples that the great and esteemed Asnapar [(Sancherev)] had exiled and settled in the cities surrounding Shomron, and the rest of the nations across the [Euphrates] river [from Bavel], and [the people of] Ke'eneth.
and the rest of the peoples that the great and esteemed Asnapar [(Sancherev)] had exiled and settled in the cities surrounding Shomron, and the rest of the nations across the [Euphrates] river [from Bavel], and [the people of] Ke'eneth.
Rashi
ושאר אומיא. ושאר העכו"ם אשר הגלה סנחרב כולם הסכימו:
And the rest of the nations and the rest of the nations that Sennacherib exiled; they have all concurred.
אסנפר. סנחריב:
Asenappar Sennacherib.
רבא ויקירא. שהיה מלך גדול ומכובד שנאמר כה אמר המלך הגדול מלך אשור (ישעיה ל"ו):
the great and honored for he was a great and honored king, as it says (Isa. 36:4): “So has the great king, the king of Assyria, said.”
והותב המו. הושיב אותם:
בקריה די שמרין. בערים אשר סביבות שומרון:
in the cities of Samaria in the cities surrounding Samaria.
ושאר עבר נהרה. ושאר העכו"ם אשר בעבר הנהר לפי שהנהר נהר פרת מפסיק בין א"י לבבל נמצאו אותן עכו"ם שלצד א"י הם בעבר הנהר לאותן העומדים בבבל:
and the rest of the other side of the river and the rest of the nations that are on the other side of the river; because the river Euphrates intervenes between the land of Israel and Babylon, those nations that are in Israel are on the opposite side of the river of those found in Babylon.
וכענת. שם מקום ואנשי כענת כולם היו מסכימים בשליחות המכתב הזה:
and Ke’eneth a name of a place; and all the people of Ke’eneth have concurred with the commission of this letter.
דְּנָה פַּרְשֶׁגֶן אִגַּרְתָּא דִּי שְׁלַחוּ עֲלוֹהִי עַל־אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא מַלְכָּא (עבדיך) [עַבְדָךְ] אֱנָשׁ עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָה וּכְעֶֽנֶת׃ {פ}
This is the text of the letter that they sent to him, to Artachshast the king: "Your servants are the men across the river and [the men of] Ke'eneth.
This is the text of the letter that they sent to him, to Artachshast the king: "Your servants are the men across the river and [the men of] Ke'eneth.
Rashi
דנה פרשגן אגרתא. וזהו פתרון האגרת:
This is the meaning of the letter and this is the interpretation of the letter.
פרשגן. כמו פתשגן הכתב:
the meaning Aram. פַּרְשֶּׁגֶן like (Esther 3:14): “The meaning of (פַּתְשֶּׁגֶן) the writ.
די שלחו עלוהי. אשר שלחו אליו:
that they sent to him [as translated,] that they sent to him.
על ארתחששתא. אל ארתחששתא:
to Artaxerxes [as translated,] to Artaxerxes.
עבדך אנש עבר נהרה וכענת. עבדיך הם אנשי עבר הנהר ואנשי כענת כל עכו"ם המנויות כאן נכללות בכלל זה שכולן היו לצד א"י שהוא עבר הנהר לאותם השוכנים בבבל וזהו תחלת המכתב עבדיך אנש עבר נהרה וגומר עד לא איתי לך:
Your servants are the people of the other side of the river and Ke’eneth The people of the other side of the river and the people of Ke’eneth are your servants. All the nations counted here are included in this generalization, for they were all on the side of the land of Israel, which is on the opposite side of the river of those dwelling in Babylon, and this is the beginning of the letter: “Your servants are the people of the other side of the river etc.” until, “...you will have no part.”
יְדִיעַ לֶהֱוֵא לְמַלְכָּא דִּי יְהוּדָיֵא דִּי סְלִקוּ מִן־לְוָתָךְ עֲלֶינָא אֲתוֹ לִירוּשְׁלֶם קִרְיְתָא מָֽרָדְתָּא וּבִֽאישְׁתָּא בָּנַיִן (ושורי) [וְשׁוּרַיָּא] (אשכללו) [שַׁכְלִילוּ] וְאֻשַּׁיָּא יַחִֽיטוּ׃ {ס}
Let it be known to the king that the Jews who have gone up from you to us have come to Jerusalem. They are building a rebellious and sinful city; and they are founding the walls and linking the foundations.
Let it be known to the king that the Jews who have gone up from you to us have come to Jerusalem. They are building a rebellious and sinful city; and they are founding the walls and linking the foundations.
Rashi
ידיע להוא למלכא. דבר ידוע יהיה למלך:
Let it be known to the king Let it be a known thing to the king.
די יהודיא. אשר היהודים שעלו מאתך אלינו באו לירושלים:
that the Jews that the Jews who ascended from you upon us have come to Jerusalem.
קריתא מרדתא ובאישתא בנין. עיר מורדת וחוטאת הם בונים:
the rebellious and sinful city they are building [as translated,] a rebellious and sinful city they are building.
ושוריא. שכלילו והחומות יסדו:
the walls they have completed [as translated,] the walls they have completed.
ואושיא. הכתלים:
and the walls [as translated,] and the walls.
יחיטו. ל' פתיל כמו אם מחוט (בראשית ט) שהם חופרים ומחברים הכתלים זה עם זה:
they have joined Aram. יָחִיטוּ, an expression of a thread, like (Gen. 14:23): “not from a thread, (מִחוּטּ),” for they are “sewing” and joining the walls one to another.
כְּעַן יְדִיעַ לֶהֱוֵא לְמַלְכָּא דִּי הֵן קִרְיְתָא דָךְ תִּתְבְּנֵא וְשׁוּרַיָּא יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְלוּן מִנְדָּֽה־בְלוֹ וַהֲלָךְ לָא יִנְתְּנוּן וְאַפְּתֹם מַלְכִים תְּהַנְזִֽק׃ {ס}
Let it now be known to the king that if this city is built, and the walls be founded, the mindah, the b'lo and the halach [(kinds of tributes)] will not be given, and the kings' tribute will be undermined.
Let it now be known to the king that if this city is built, and the walls be founded, the mindah, the b'lo and the halach [(kinds of tributes)] will not be given, and the kings' tribute will be undermined.
Rashi
כען ידיע. עתה ידוע יהיה למלך:
Now let it be known Now let it be known to the king.
די הן קריתא דך תתבנא. אשר אם העיר הזאת תבנה:
that if this city is built [as translated,] that if this city is built.
דך. זאת:
this [as translated,] this.
ושוריא ישתכללון. והחומות יהיו מיוסדות:
and the walls are founded [as translated,] and the walls are founded.
מנדה בלו והלך. מיני מסים הם וכסף גולגולת:
the king’s due, the head tax, or the meal tax They are types of taxes and the money for the head taxes.
לא ינתנון. לא יתנו עוד מס:
they will not give They will no longer pay taxes.
ואפתום מלכים תהנזיק. ומס המלכים תוזק שלא יתנו עוד מס למלכים:
and the tax of the kings will suffer [as translated,] and the tax of the kings will suffer, for they will no longer give tax to the kings.
כְּעַן כׇּל־קֳבֵל דִּֽי־מְלַח הֵֽיכְלָא מְלַחְנָא וְעַרְוַת מַלְכָּא לָא אֲֽרִֽיךְ־לַנָא לְמֶֽחֱזֵא עַל־דְּנָה שְׁלַחְנָא וְהוֹדַעְנָא לְמַלְכָּֽא׃
Therefore, because we would destroy [i.e., stop the work of] the sanctuary, it not befitting us to look on at the king's disgrace, we have, therefore, sent and apprised the king.
Therefore, because we would destroy [i.e., stop the work of] the sanctuary, it not befitting us to look on at the king's disgrace, we have, therefore, sent and apprised the king.
Rashi
כען כל קבל די מלח היכלא מלחנא. עתה כל כנגד דבר זה אשר חורבן ההיכל אנו רוצים להחריב, די מלח ל' חורבן ושממון כמו ארץ מלחה ולא תשב:
Now in view of this, that we wish to destroy the Temple Now in view of this matter, that we wish to implement the destruction of the Temple. דִי מְלַח is an expression of destruction and desolation, like Jer. 17:6): “barren (מְלֵחָה) land that is uninhabitable.”
מלחנא. אנו רוצים לסתור ולהחריב:
we wish to destroy We wish to demolish and to destroy.
וערות מלכא. ובזיון המלך:
and... the king’s disgrace Aram. וְעַרְוַת מַלְכָּא, lit. and the king’s nakedness.
לא אריך. אינו הגון לנו לראות, אריך הגון כמו אריך או לא אריך במסכת סוכה:
it is improper Aram. לָא אַרִיךְ, it is improper for us to see. אַרִיךְ means proper, like “Is it proper (אַרִיךְ) or improper (לָא אַרִיךְ)?” in Tractate Succah (44b).
על דנה. על זאת שלחנו והודענו למלך:
therefore therefore we have sent and notified the king.
דִּי יְבַקַּר בִּֽסְפַר־דׇּכְרָנַיָּא דִּי אֲבָהָתָךְ וּתְהַשְׁכַּח בִּסְפַר דׇּכְרָנַיָּא וְתִנְדַּע דִּי קִרְיְתָא דָךְ קִרְיָא מָֽרָדָא וּֽמְהַנְזְקַת מַלְכִין וּמְדִנָן וְאֶשְׁתַּדּוּר עָבְדִין בְּגַוַּהּ מִן־יוֹמָת עָלְמָא עַל־דְּנָה קִרְיְתָא דָךְ הׇֽחָרְבַֽת׃
So that he may search in the book of chronicles of your forefathers, so that you find in the book of chronicles and know that this city is a rebellious city, which undermines kings and provinces, where rebellion flourished [(Israel rebelling against the kings of the nations)] from the days of yore, wherefore this city was destroyed.
So that he may search in the book of chronicles of your forefathers, so that you find in the book of chronicles and know that this city is a rebellious city, which undermines kings and provinces, where rebellion flourished [(Israel rebelling against the kings of the nations)] from the days of yore, wherefore this city was destroyed.
Rashi
די יבקר. אשר יבקר וידרוש הדורש בספר הזכרונות של אבותיך המלכים הראשונים:
That one should search that a seeker should search and seek in the annals of your fathers, the first kings.
ותהשכח. ותמצא בספר הזכרונות ותדע כי העיר הזאת עיר מורדת ומזקת המלכים והמדינות:
and you will find And you will find in the annals, and you will know that this city is a rebellious city, and it injures the kings and the countries.
ואשתדור עבדין בגוה. ומרד היו עושים יושביה בתוכה שהיו ישראל מורדין במלכי העכו"ם:
and they have made rebellion in its midst And its inhabitants were making rebellion in its midst, for Israel would rebel against the kings of the nations.
מן ימות עלמא. מימות העולם מימים קדמונים כך היה מנהגם למרוד במלכי העכו"ם:
since days of yore Aram. מִן יוֹמָת עָלְמָא, from days of yore. Since ancient times, it has been their custom to rebel against the kings of the nations.
על דנה. על כך היתה העיר הזאת חריבה:
because of this Because of this, this city was destroyed.
מְהוֹדְעִין אֲנַחְנָה לְמַלְכָּא דִּי הֵן קִרְיְתָא דָךְ תִּתְבְּנֵא וְשׁוּרַיָּה יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְלוּן לׇקֳבֵל דְּנָה חֲלָק בַּעֲבַר נַהֲרָא לָא אִיתַי לָֽךְ׃ {פ}
We [therefore] apprise the king that if this city is rebuilt and its walls founded, as a result, you will have no portion on the other side of the river, [(Israel taking all)]."
We [therefore] apprise the king that if this city is rebuilt and its walls founded, as a result, you will have no portion on the other side of the river, [(Israel taking all)]."
Rashi
מהודעין אנחנה למלכא. מודיעין אנחנא למלך:
We make known to the king [as translated,] we make known to the king.
די הן קריתא דך. אשר אם העיר הזאת תבנה וחומותי' מיוסדין:
that if this city that if this city is built, and its walls are founded.
לקבל דנה. כנגד כן ובשביל כך אין לך חלק בכל עבר נהרא לפי שישראל יהיו מורדין בך ויקחו הכל מידך:
because of this In view of this and because of this, you will have no part in the entire other side of the river, because Israel will rebel against you and take everything out of your hands.
בעבר נהרא. היא כל הארץ של צד א"י שהוא עבר הנהר לאותן שבבבל:
in the other side of the river That is the entire area of the side of Israel, which is on the other side of the river of those who are in Babylon.
פִּתְגָמָא שְׁלַח מַלְכָּא עַל־רְחוּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵם וְשִׁמְשַׁי סָֽפְרָא וּשְׁאָר כְּנָוָתְהוֹן דִּי יָתְבִין בְּשָֽׁמְרָיִן וּשְׁאָר עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָה שְׁלָם וּכְעֶֽת׃ {פ}
This was sent by the king to Rechum, the secretary and to Shimshai the scribe and to their confederates who dwelt in Shomron, and to the rest of [the territories] across the river, [and to the cities of] Shelam and Ke'th [(Ke'eneth)]:
This was sent by the king to Rechum, the secretary and to Shimshai the scribe and to their confederates who dwelt in Shomron, and to the rest of [the territories] across the river, [and to the cities of] Shelam and Ke'th [(Ke'eneth)]:
Rashi
פתגמא שלח מלכא. דבר שלח המלך:
The king sent a word Aram. פִּתְגָּמָא שְּׁלַח מַלְכָּא
על רחום בעל טעם. אל רחום המזכיר ושמשי הסופר ולשאר סיעותיהם היושבים בערי שומרון ולשאר העכו"ם אשר בעבר הנהר לצד א"י:
to Rehum the secretary to Rehum the secretary, and Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companies, who dwelt in the cities of Samaria, and to the rest of the nations who were on the other side of the river of the side of the land of Israel.
שלם וכעת. מקומות הם וכעת כמו וכענת פעמים קורהו כך ופעמים כך:
Shelam and Ke’eth They are places, like “and Ke’eneth.” Sometimes he calls it this and sometimes that.
נִשְׁתְּוָנָא דִּי שְׁלַחְתּוּן עֲלֶינָא מְפָרַשׁ קֱרִי קׇדָמָֽי׃
"The text that you sent to us was explained and read before me.
"The text that you sent to us was explained and read before me.
Rashi
נשתונא. כתב הנשתוון אשר שלחתם אלינו היה מפורש וקרוי לפני:
The letter The writ of the letter that you sent to us was explained and read before me.
וּמִנִּי שִׂים טְעֵם וּבַקַּרוּ וְהַשְׁכַּחוּ דִּי קִרְיְתָא דָךְ מִן־יוֹמָת עָֽלְמָא עַל־מַלְכִין מִֽתְנַשְּׂאָה וּמְרַד וְאֶשְׁתַּדּוּר מִתְעֲבֶד־בַּֽהּ׃
And I ordered and they examined [(the chronicles)] and they found that this city, from days of yore, had risen against kings and incited to rebellion.
And I ordered and they examined [(the chronicles)] and they found that this city, from days of yore, had risen against kings and incited to rebellion.
Rashi
שים טעם. ומאתי היתה שימת דבר ציווי אשר צויתי:
the order was given And the order was given by me, the matter of a command that I commanded.
ובקרו והשכחו. ובדקו בספר הזכרונות המלכים ומצאו כתוב אשר העיר הזאת מימות העולם היתה מתנשאת ומתרוממת על כל מלכי העכו"ם:
and they searched and found And they searched in the annals of the kings and found written that this city, from days of yore, would raise itself up and exalt itself over all the kings of the nations.
ומרד. וסרבנות היו עושים בה למרוד במלכי העכו"ם:
and rebellion. and disobedience were committed there to rebel against the kings of the nations.
וּמַלְכִין תַּקִּיפִין הֲווֹ עַל־יְרוּשְׁלֶם וְשַׁלִּיטִין בְּכֹל עֲבַר נַהֲרָה וּמִדָּה בְלוֹ וַהֲלָךְ מִתְיְהֵב לְהֽוֹן׃
And there were powerful kings in Jerusalem [e.g., Solomon], who ruled over all [the territories of] the other side of the river, and midah, belo, and halach [viz. 13] were given to them.
And there were powerful kings in Jerusalem [e.g., Solomon], who ruled over all [the territories of] the other side of the river, and midah, belo, and halach [viz. 13] were given to them.
Rashi
ומלכין תקיפין. ומלכים חזקים היו בירושלים שהיו מושלים ושליטים בכל עבר הנהר של צד א"י כמו שנאמר בשלמה כי הוא רודה בכל עבר הנהר וגו' (מלכים א ד'). ומסים וכסף גולגולת היה נתון להם שהיו העכו"ם מעלין להם מס:
And mighty kings and mighty kings were in Jerusalem who were the rulers and governors over the entire side of the river on the side of Israel, as it says regarding Solomon (I Kings 5:4): “For he had dominion over all this side of the river, etc.” And taxes and the head tax were given to them, for the nations paid them tribute.
כְּעַן שִׂימוּ טְּעֵם לְבַטָּלָא גֻּבְרַיָּא אִלֵּךְ וְקִרְיְתָא דָךְ לָא תִתְבְּנֵא עַד־מִנִּי טַעְמָא יִתְּשָֽׂם׃
Now proclaim [throughout the land] to have these men desist [from building] and this city shall not be built until I authorize it.
Now proclaim [throughout the land] to have these men desist [from building] and this city shall not be built until I authorize it.
Rashi
כען שימו טעם. עתה שימו דבר להכריז בארץ לבטל אנשים הללו בני ישראל מן הבנין והעיר הזאת ירושלים לא תבנה עד אשר ממני יושם הדבר לבנות העיר על דעתי ורשותי:
Now issue an order Now give out a word to announce in the land to stop these men, the Children of Israel, from the work, and the city of Jerusalem shall not be built until orders are given with my knowledge and my authorization.
וּזְהִירִין הֱווֹ שָׁלוּ לְמֶעְבַּד עַל־דְּנָה לְמָה יִשְׂגֵּא חֲבָלָא לְהַנְזָקַת מַלְכִֽין׃ {ס}
And be careful not to err in doing this. Why should spoil increase to the detriment of kings?"
And be careful not to err in doing this. Why should spoil increase to the detriment of kings?"
Rashi
וזהירין הוו שלו. וזהירין תהיו לעשות דחוי ושגגה, שלו דשטורביר בלע"ז:
And beware of committing an error And you shall beware of committing any postponement or error. שָּׁלוּ is desto(u)rber in Old French, to violate.
למעבד על דנה. לעשות על כך:
of committing...in this matter [as translated,] of committing in this manner.
למה ישגא. מדוע יגדל מעשה השחתה בעיר הזאת להזיק המלכים, ע"כ תשובת כורש אשר השיב:
Why should...increase Why should the act of destruction in this city increase to injure the kings? Until here is Cyrus’ reply, which he sent back.
אֱדַיִן מִן־דִּי פַּרְשֶׁגֶן נִשְׁתְּוָנָא דִּי אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא מַלְכָּא קֱרִי קֳדָם־רְחוּם וְשִׁמְשַׁי סָפְרָא וּכְנָוָתְהוֹן אֲזַלוּ בִבְהִילוּ לִירֽוּשְׁלֶם עַל־יְהוּדָיֵא וּבַטִּלוּ הִמּוֹ בְּאֶדְרָע וְחָֽיִל׃ {ס}
Then, when the text of the letter of Artachshast was read before Rechum and Shimshai the scribe and their confederates, they hurried to the Jews in Jerusalem and stopped them [from building] by force.
Then, when the text of the letter of Artachshast was read before Rechum and Shimshai the scribe and their confederates, they hurried to the Jews in Jerusalem and stopped them [from building] by force.
Rashi
אדין. אז:
then [as translated,] then.
די פרשגן. מן פתרון כתב הנשתוון של ארתחששתא המלך הוא כורש היה המעשה הזה:
since the interpretation Since the interpretation of the writ of the letter of Artaxerxes the king—he is Cyrus—this incident took place.
קרי קדם. שהיה כתב הנשתוון קרוי לפני רחום ושמשי וסיעתיהם והלכו במרוצה ובבהלה לירושלים אל היהודים ובטלו אותם בזרוע וכח שלא לבנות עוד הבנין:
was read before for the writ of this letter was read before Rehum and Shimshai and their companies, and they went with speed and haste to Jerusalem, to the Jews, and stopped them with force and might from continuing the construction of the edifice.
על יהודיא. אל היהודים:
to the Jews Aram. עַל יְהוּדָיֵא, lit. On the Jews.
המו. הם:
and they Aram. הִמוֹ, equivalent to הֵם.
בֵּאדַיִן בְּטֵלַת עֲבִידַת בֵּית־אֱלָהָא דִּי בִּירוּשְׁלֶם וַהֲוָת בָּֽטְלָא עַד שְׁנַת תַּרְתֵּין לְמַלְכוּת דָּרְיָוֶשׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרָֽס׃ {פ}
At that time, the work of the house of G-d in Jerusalem was halted; and it remained at a halt [(for eighteen years)] until the second year of the reign of Darius, king of Paras [(the son of Esther and Achashverosh)].
At that time, the work of the house of G-d in Jerusalem was halted; and it remained at a halt [(for eighteen years)] until the second year of the reign of Darius, king of Paras [(the son of Esther and Achashverosh)].
Rashi
באדין. אז היתה בטלה מלאכת בנין בית אלהים אשר בירושלים עד שנת שתים לדריוש מלך פרס שאחר כורש מלך אחשורוש שלקח אסתר ואחר אחשורוש מלך דריוש בנו של אחשורוש שהוא בן אסתר ומשנת אחת לכורש מלך פרס עד שנת שתים לדריוש י"ח שנה שהשלימו שבעים שנה לחרבות ירושלים שהרי מחורבן הבית שגלה צדקיהו עד שנת אחת לכורש חמשים ושתים שנה כמפורש בסדר עולם וי"ח שנה משנת א' לכורש עד שנת שתים לדריוש נמצאו שבעים שנה שלימים ובשנת שתים לדריוש התחילו לבנות הבנין עד שגמרוהו:
Then Then the work of the building of the House of God, which was in Jerusalem, was suspended until the second year of Darius, the king of Persia; for after Cyrus, Ahasuerus, who married Esther, reigned, and after Ahasuerus, Darius, the son of Ahasuerus, who was the son of Esther, reigned. And from the first year of Cyrus, the king of Persia, until the second year of Darius were eighteen years, which completed the seventy years from the destruction of Jerusalem. For from the destruction of the Temple, when Zedekiah was exiled, until the first year of Cyrus, were fifty-two years, as is explained in Seder Olam (ch. 29). There were then eighteen years from the first year of Cyrus until the second year of Darius, totaling a complete seventy years, and in the second year of Darius they commenced to build the Temple until they completed it.
צרי יהודה ובנימין. הם העכו"ם אשר הושיב סנחריב בא"י כמו שנאמר (מלכים ב י״ז:כ״ד) ויבא מלך אשור מבבל ומכותה ומעוה ומחמת ומספרוים ויושב אותם בערי שומרון תחת בני ישראל:
the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin They are the nations whom Sannecherib settled in the land Israel, as it says (II Kings 17:24): “And the king of Assyria brought [people] from Babylonia and from Cuthah and from Avvah and from Hamath and from Sepharvaim, and he settled them in the cities of Samaria instead of the Children of Israel.”