Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi

23:26

לֹא תִהְיֶה מְשַׁכֵּלָה וַעֲקָרָה בְּאַרְצֶךָ אֶת־מִסְפַּר יָמֶיךָ אֲמַלֵּֽא׃

No woman will suffer miscarriage or remain childless in your land. I will cause the number of your days to be full.

No woman will suffer miscarriage or remain childless in your land. I will cause the number of your days to be full.

Rashi

לא תהיה משכלה. אם תעשה רצוני:

No woman will suffer miscarriage — if you act according to My will.

משכלה. מפלת נפלים או קוברת את בניה, קרויה משכלה:

מְשַׁכֵּלָה . [A woman] who suffers miscarriages or buries her children is called a מְשַׁכֵּלָה .

23:27

אֶת־אֵֽימָתִי אֲשַׁלַּח לְפָנֶיךָ וְהַמֹּתִי אֶת־כׇּל־הָעָם אֲשֶׁר תָּבֹא בָּהֶם וְנָתַתִּי אֶת־כׇּל־אֹיְבֶיךָ אֵלֶיךָ עֹֽרֶף׃

I will send My dread ahead of you, and I will bring panic to all the people among whom you will come. I will make all your enemies turn their backs to you.

I will send My dread ahead of you, and I will bring panic to all the people among whom you will come. I will make all your enemies turn their backs to you.

Rashi

והמותי. כמו והממתי, ותרגומו ואשגש. וכן כל תיבה שפועל שלה בכפל אות אחרונה, כשתהפוך לדבר בלשון פעלתי, יש מקומות שנוטל אות הכפולה ומדגיש את האות ונוקדו במלאפו"ם, כגון והמותי, מגזרת וְהָמַם גִּלְגַּל עֶגְלָתֹו (ישעיה כח, כח). וְסַבֹּותִי, מגזרת וְסָבַב בֵּית אֵל (שמואל־א ז, טז). דַּלֹותִי, מגזרת דָּלְלוּ וְחָרְבוּ (ישעיה יט, ו). עַל כַּפַּיִם חַקֹתִיךְ (שם מט, טז), מגזרת חִקְקֵי לֵב (שופטים ה, טו). אֶת מִי רַצֹּותִי (שמואל־א יב, ג), מגזרת רִצַּץ עָזַב דַּלִּים (איוב כ, יט). והמתרגם והמותי, ואקטל, טועה הוא, שאלו מגזרת מיתה היתה, אין ה"א שלה בפת"ח, ולא מ"ם שלה מודגשת, ולא נקודה מלאפו"ם. אלא וְהֵמַתִּי (בצירי) כגון וְהֵמַתָּה אֶת הָעָם הַזֶּה (במדבר יד, טו), והתי"ו מודגשת לפי שתבא במקום ב' תוי"ן, האחת נשרשת לפי שאין מיתה בלא תי"ו, והאחרת משמשת כמו אמרתי, חטאתי, עשיתי. וכן ונתתי, התי"ו מודגשת, שהיא באה במקום שתים, לפי שהיה צריך שלשה תוי"ן, שתים ליסוד כמו בְּיֹום תֵּת ה' (יהושע י, יב), מַתַּת אֱלֹהִים הִיא (קהלת ג, יג), והשלישית לשמוש:

I will bring panic. וְהַמֹּתִי is the same as וְהָמַמְתִּי . Onkelos translates it וֶאֱשַׁגֵּשׁ — “I will confuse.” This is true of any word whose verb-root has its last root-letter doubled, when it is conjugated in the פָּעַלְתִּי form. There are instances where the doubled letter is taken and given a dagesh and vocalized with a melopum (cholam), for example: וְהַמֹּתִי from the root: “(וְהָמַם) A confused sound was made by the wheel of his cart,” [or:] וְסַבּוֹתִי — “I circled” from the same root as: “(וְסָבַב) He circled Beth El,” [or:] דַּלּוֹתִי — “I was brought low” from the root: “(דָּלְלוּ) They became low and dried up,” [or:] “(חַקֹּתִיךְ) I have engraved you on the hands,” from the same root as: “(חִקְקֵי) engraved in the heart,” [or:] “whom have (רַצּוֹתִי) I crushed,” from the same root as: “(רִצַּץ) He has crushed and abandoned the poor.” Whoever translates וְהַמּוֹתִי as: “I will kill” is in error, for if it were from the root מִיתָה then its ה' would not receive a patach nor would its מ' get a dagesh, and its vowel would not be a melopum (cholam), but [would take the form:] וְהֵמַתִּי, as in “(וְהֵמַתָּה) You shall kill this nation.” And [the reason that] the ת' [of וְהֵמַתָּה] is with a dagesh is because it is in place of two letters ת', one of them being part of the root for no form of the word מִיתָה exists without a ת', and the other one serving as [a suffix-letter], as in: אָמַרְתִּי — “I said,” חָטָאתִי — “I sinned,” עָשִׂיתִי — “I did.” Similarly: the ת' of וְנָתַתִּי has a dagesh because it comes in the place of two [letters ת'], for it should have been written with three letters ת': two as part of the root, as in: “On the day (תֵּת ה') that God gave,” [or:] “It is (מַתַּת) a gift from God”; and the third [letter ת'] serves as a suffix.

עורף. שינוסו מלפניך ויהפכו לך ערפם:

Their Backs. [I.e.] that they will flee from you and thereby turn the backs of their necks to you.

23:28

וְשָׁלַחְתִּי אֶת־הַצִּרְעָה לְפָנֶיךָ וְגֵרְשָׁה אֶת־הַחִוִּי אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי וְאֶת־הַחִתִּי מִלְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃

I will send [deadly] hornets ahead of you, and they will drive out the Chivites, the Canaanites, and the Chittites from before you.

I will send [deadly] hornets ahead of you, and they will drive out the Chivites, the Canaanites, and the Chittites from before you.

Rashi

הצרעה. מין שרץ העוף, והיתה מכה אותם בעיניהם, ומטילה בהם ארס והם מתים. והצרעה לא עברה את הירדן (סוטה לו.): והחתי והכנעני. הם ארץ סיחון ועוג, לפיכך מכל ז' אומות לא מנה כאן אלא אלו. וחוי, אף על פי שהוא מעבר הירדן והלאה, שנו רבותינו במסכת סוטה (שם), על שפת הירדן עמדה וזרקה בהם מרה:

The hornets. It is a kind of flying insect which would strike them in their eyes and inject a poison into them, and they would die. The hornets did not cross the Jordan River and the Chittites and Canaanites [mentioned here as being driven out] were from Sichon and Og. It is for this reason that of all seven nations, only these [three] are enumerated here. [The fact that] the Chivites [are mentioned here], though they resided on the other side of the Jordan and somewhat further on, is explained by our Sages in Maseches Sotah: It (the hornet) stood at the edge of the Jordan and hurled the poison into them.

23:29

לֹא אֲגָרְשֶׁנּוּ מִפָּנֶיךָ בְּשָׁנָה אֶחָת פֶּן־תִּהְיֶה הָאָרֶץ שְׁמָמָה וְרַבָּה עָלֶיךָ חַיַּת הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃

I will not drive them out in a single year, lest the land become desolate, and the beasts of the field multiply against you.

I will not drive them out in a single year, lest the land become desolate, and the beasts of the field multiply against you.

Rashi

שממה. ריקנית מבני אדם, לפי שאתם מעט ואין בכם כדי למלאות אותה:

Desolate. [I.e.,] empty of people, since you are few and there are not enough of you to fill it.

ורבה עליך. ותרבה עליך:

Will multiply against you. וְרַבָּה עָלֶיךָ is to be understood as וְתַרְבֶּה עָלֶיךָ .

23:30

מְעַט מְעַט אֲגָרְשֶׁנּוּ מִפָּנֶיךָ עַד אֲשֶׁר תִּפְרֶה וְנָחַלְתָּ אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃

Little by little I will drive them from before you, until you have increased and occupy the land.

Little by little I will drive them from before you, until you have increased and occupy the land.

Rashi

עד אשר תפרה. תרבה, לשון פרי, כמו פרו ורבו:

Until you have increased. [תִּפְרֶה meaning:] increased, from the word פְּרִי (fruit), as in: “(פְּרוּ) Be fruitful and multiply.”

23:31

וְשַׁתִּי אֶת־גְּבֻלְךָ מִיַּם־סוּף וְעַד־יָם פְּלִשְׁתִּים וּמִמִּדְבָּר עַד־הַנָּהָר כִּי ׀ אֶתֵּן בְּיֶדְכֶם אֵת יֹשְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ וְגֵרַשְׁתָּמוֹ מִפָּנֶֽיךָ׃

I will set your borders from the Reed Sea to the Philistine Sea, and from the desert to the [Euphrates] river, for I will deliver into your hands all the inhabitants of the land, and you will drive them away before you.

I will set your borders from the Reed Sea to the Philistine Sea, and from the desert to the [Euphrates] river, for I will deliver into your hands all the inhabitants of the land, and you will drive them away before you.

Rashi

ושתי. לשון השתה, והתי"ו מודגשת מפני שבאה תחת שתים, שאין שיתה בלא תי"ו, והאחת לשמוש:

I will set. [וְשַׁתִּי is] from the word הֲשָׁתָה — “setting.” The letter ת' carries a dagesh because it comes in the place of two [letters ת'], for any form of שִׁיתָה must have a ת' while the other one is a suffix.

עד הנהר. פרת:

To the river. The Euphrates.

וגרשתמו. ותגרשם:

וְגֵרַשְׁתָּמוֹ . And you will drive them away.

23:32

לֹֽא־תִכְרֹת לָהֶם וְלֵאלֹֽהֵיהֶם בְּרִֽית׃

Do not make a pact with them or with their gods.

Do not make a pact with them or with their gods.

23:33

לֹא יֵשְׁבוּ בְּאַרְצְךָ פֶּן־יַחֲטִיאוּ אֹתְךָ לִי כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיהֶם כִּֽי־יִהְיֶה לְךָ לְמוֹקֵֽשׁ׃ {פ}

Do not allow them to live in your land, since they may cause you to sin to Me; that you [might] worship their gods, and this would be a [fatal] trap to you.

Do not allow them to live in your land, since they may cause you to sin to Me; that you [might] worship their gods, and this would be a [fatal] trap to you.

Rashi

כי תעבד וגו'. הרי אלו כי משמשין במקום אשר, וכן בכמה מקומות, וזהו לשון אי, שהוא אחד מד' לשונות שהכי משמש, וגם מצינו בהרבה מקומות אם משמש בלשון אשר, כמו וְאִם תַּקְרִיב מִנְחַת בִּכּוּרִים (ויקרא ב, יד), שהיא חובה:

That you [might] worship. Here you have the word כִּי used in the sense of אֲשֶׁר . This is also true in various places. This (the usage here) is actually אִי which is one of the four meanings of כִּי . We often find [the word] אִם being used to convey אֲשֶׁר, as in: “וְאִם you will offer a minchah of the first fruit” which is actually obligatory.

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

Where next