Tanach
Shemot 24:12-18 שמות כ״ד:י״ב-י״ח
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה עֲלֵה אֵלַי הָהָרָה וֶהְיֵה־שָׁם וְאֶתְּנָה לְךָ אֶת־לֻחֹת הָאֶבֶן וְהַתּוֹרָה וְהַמִּצְוָה אֲשֶׁר כָּתַבְתִּי לְהוֹרֹתָֽם׃
Adonoy then said to Moshe, “Come up to Me to the mountain and remain there. I will give you the tablets of stone, the Torah and the commandment, which I have written [in order] to teach them.”
Adonoy then said to Moshe, “Come up to Me to the mountain and remain there. I will give you the tablets of stone, the Torah and the commandment, which I have written [in order] to teach them.”
Rashi
עלה אלי ההרה והיה שם. מ' יום:
Come up to Me to the mountain and remain there — for forty days.
את לחת האבן והתורה והמצוה אשר כתבתי להורותם. כל שש מאות ושלש עשרה מצות בכלל עשרת הדברות הן. ורבינו סעדיה פירש באזהרות שיסד, לכל דבור ודבור מצות התלויות בו:
The tablets of stone, the Torah and the Commandments which I have written [in order] to teach them. All 613 commandments are implicitly contained in the Ten Commandments. Rabbeinu Saadiah specifically shows, in the אַזְהָרוֹת which he composed, for each and every one of the Commandments, the mitzvos which are associated with it.
וַיָּקׇם מֹשֶׁה וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ מְשָׁרְתוֹ וַיַּעַל מֹשֶׁה אֶל־הַר הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃
Moshe and Yehoshua, his attendant, set out, but [only] Moshe went up to the mountain of God.
Moshe and Yehoshua, his attendant, set out, but [only] Moshe went up to the mountain of God.
Rashi
ויקם משה ויהושע משרתו. לא ידעתי מה טיבו של יהושע כאן, ואומר אני שהיה התלמיד מלוה לרב עד מקום הגבלת תחומי ההר, שאינו רשאי לילך משם והלאה, ומשם ויעל משה לבדו אל הר האלהים, ויהושע נטה שם אהלו ונתעכב שם כל מ' יום, שכן מצינו כשירד משה, וישמע יהושע את קול העם ברעה, למדנו שלא היה יהושע עמהם:
Moshe and Yehoshua, his attendant, set out. I do not know what Yehoshua’s purpose was here. But I think that the disciple was accompanying the master until the place where the bounds of the mountain indicated that he was not permitted to go from there and on. And from there “Moshe went up” himself “to the mountain of God.” There Yehoshua pitched his tent and remained there the entire forty days for we find that when Moshe came down: “Yehoshua heard the voice of the people yelling,” indicating to us that Yehoshua was not with them.
וְאֶל־הַזְּקֵנִים אָמַר שְׁבוּ־לָנוּ בָזֶה עַד אֲשֶׁר־נָשׁוּב אֲלֵיכֶם וְהִנֵּה אַהֲרֹן וְחוּר עִמָּכֶם מִי־בַעַל דְּבָרִים יִגַּשׁ אֲלֵהֶֽם׃
He [Moshe] said to the elders, “Wait here for us until we return to you, and Aharon and Chur will be with you. Whoever has a claim can approach them.”
He [Moshe] said to the elders, “Wait here for us until we return to you, and Aharon and Chur will be with you. Whoever has a claim can approach them.”
Rashi
ואל הזקנים אמר. בצאתו מן המחנה:
He said to the elders — when he left the camp.
שבו לנו בזה. והתעכבו כאן עם שאר העם במחנה, להיות נכונים לשפוט לכל איש ריבו:
“Wait here for us — and remain here with the rest of the people in the camp so as to be prepared to render decisions for each person’s dispute.
חור. בנה של מרים היה, ואביו כלב בן יפנה, שנאמר וַיִּקַּח לֹו כָלֵב אֶת אֶפְרָת וַתֵּלֶד לֹו אֶת חוּר (דברי הימים־א ב, יט), אפרת זו מרים, כדאיתא בסוטה (יא:):
Chur. He was Miriam’s son, and his father was Koleiv ben Yefuneh, as it is said: “Koleiv took Efras [for a wife] and she bore him Chur.” Efras is Miriam, as is cited in Sotah.
מי בעל דברים. מי שיש לו דין:
Whoever has a claim. [Meaning:] whoever has a lawsuit.
וַיַּעַל מֹשֶׁה אֶל־הָהָר וַיְכַס הֶעָנָן אֶת־הָהָֽר׃
Moshe went up to the mountain, and the cloud covered the mountain.
Moshe went up to the mountain, and the cloud covered the mountain.
וַיִּשְׁכֹּן כְּבוֹד־יְהֹוָה עַל־הַר סִינַי וַיְכַסֵּהוּ הֶעָנָן שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים וַיִּקְרָא אֶל־מֹשֶׁה בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מִתּוֹךְ הֶעָנָֽן׃
The glory of Adonoy rested on Mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it for six days. On the seventh day, He called to Moshe from the midst of the cloud.
The glory of Adonoy rested on Mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it for six days. On the seventh day, He called to Moshe from the midst of the cloud.
Rashi
ויכסהו הענן. רבותינו חולקים בדבר (יומא ד.:), יש מהם אומרים אלו ששה ימים שמראש חדש (עד עצרת יום מתן תורה. רש"י ישן):
And the cloud covered it (or Him). There is a dispute among our Sages regarding this: There are some who say [that these six days] were from Rosh Chodesh — the first day [of Sivan] [until the Festival of Shavuos — the day that the Torah was given — from an old Rashi manuscript].
ויכסהו הענן. להר:
[and] the cloud covered it [refers —] to the mountain — [whereupon]
ויקרא אל משה ביום השביעי. לומר עשרת הדברות, ומשה וכל בני ישראל עומדים, אלא שחלק הכתוב כבוד למשה. ויש אומרים, ויכסהו הענן למשה ו' ימים, לאחר עשרת הדברות, והם היו בתחלת מ' יום שעלה משה לקבל הלוחות, ולמדך שכל הנכנס למחנה שכינה טעון פרישה ששה ימים (שם):
He called to Moshe on the seventh day — to proclaim the Ten Commandments. Really, Moshe and all the B’nei Yisroel were standing there, [yet the verse states only, “He called to Moshe”]. But [in this way] Scripture gives honor to Moshe. But there are others who say that... The cloud covered Him — refers to Moshe [and this occurred] six days after the [giving of] the Ten Commandments. And they (these six days) were at the beginning of the forty days when Moshe went up to receive the Tablets. This teaches you that whoever intends to enter the camp of the Shechinah requires seclusion for six days.
וּמַרְאֵה כְּבוֹד יְהֹוָה כְּאֵשׁ אֹכֶלֶת בְּרֹאשׁ הָהָר לְעֵינֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
The appearance of Adonoy’s glory was like a consuming flame at the top of the mountain; before the eyes of the B’nei Yisrael.
The appearance of Adonoy’s glory was like a consuming flame at the top of the mountain; before the eyes of the B’nei Yisrael.
וַיָּבֹא מֹשֶׁה בְּתוֹךְ הֶעָנָן וַיַּעַל אֶל־הָהָר וַיְהִי מֹשֶׁה בָּהָר אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם וְאַרְבָּעִים לָֽיְלָה׃ {פ}
And Moshe came into the midst of the cloud. and went up into the mountain. Moshe remained on the mountain for forty days and forty nights.
And Moshe came into the midst of the cloud. and went up into the mountain. Moshe remained on the mountain for forty days and forty nights.
Rashi
בתוך הענן. ענן זה כמין עשן הוא, ועשה לו הקב"ה למשה שביל (נ"א חופה) בתוכו:
Into the midst of the cloud. This cloud was like thick smoke, but God made a path for Moshe in the midst of it.
ויאמר ה' אל משה. לאחר מתן תורה:
Adonoy then said to Moshe — after the giving of the Torah.