Tanach
Shemot 9 שמות ט׳
Part of: VaeraVaera, Aliyah 6Vaera, Aliyah 7Petuchah, Exodus 9:1Petuchah, Exodus 9:8Petuchah, Exodus 9:22Setumah, Exodus 9:13
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה בֹּא אֶל־פַּרְעֹה וְדִבַּרְתָּ אֵלָיו כֹּֽה־אָמַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי הָֽעִבְרִים שַׁלַּח אֶת־עַמִּי וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what Adonoy, God of the Hebrews has said, Send out My people and let them serve Me.
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what Adonoy, God of the Hebrews has said, Send out My people and let them serve Me.
כִּי אִם־מָאֵן אַתָּה לְשַׁלֵּחַ וְעוֹדְךָ מַחֲזִיק בָּֽם׃
For if you refuse to send them out, and continue holding them;
For if you refuse to send them out, and continue holding them;
Rashi
הִנֵּה יַד־יְהֹוָה הוֹיָה בְּמִקְנְךָ אֲשֶׁר בַּשָּׂדֶה בַּסּוּסִים בַּֽחֲמֹרִים בַּגְּמַלִּים בַּבָּקָר וּבַצֹּאן דֶּבֶר כָּבֵד מְאֹֽד׃
behold, the hand of Adonoy is directed at your livestock that are in the field—upon the horses, the donkeys, the camels, the cattle and the sheep—there will be a very heavy [serious] plague.
behold, the hand of Adonoy is directed at your livestock that are in the field—upon the horses, the donkeys, the camels, the cattle and the sheep—there will be a very heavy [serious] plague.
Rashi
הנה יד ה' הויה. לשון הוה, כי כן יאמר בלשון נקבה, על שעבר היתה, ועל העתיד תהיה, ועל העומד הווה, כמו עושה, רוצה, רועה:
Behold, the hand of Adonoy is directed. [הוֹיָה] is in the present tense, for this is how [the verb הָיָה] is expressed in the feminine gender: in the past tense: הָיְתָה — she was, in the future tense: תִּהְיֶה — she shall be, and in the present tense: הוֹיָה — she is; the same form as רוֹעָה, רוֹצָה, עוֹשָׂה .
וְהִפְלָה יְהֹוָה בֵּין מִקְנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבֵין מִקְנֵה מִצְרָיִם וְלֹא יָמוּת מִכׇּל־לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל דָּבָֽר׃
Adonoy will distinguish between the livestock of the [B’nei] Yisrael and the livestock of Egypt. None belonging to the B’nei Yisrael will die.’”
Adonoy will distinguish between the livestock of the [B’nei] Yisrael and the livestock of Egypt. None belonging to the B’nei Yisrael will die.’”
Rashi
והפלה. והבדיל:
[Adonoy] will distinguish. [וְהִפְלָה means] He will set apart.
וַיָּשֶׂם יְהֹוָה מוֹעֵד לֵאמֹר מָחָר יַעֲשֶׂה יְהֹוָה הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה בָּאָֽרֶץ׃
Adonoy has set a time, saying, Tomorrow Adonoy will do this thing in the land.
Adonoy has set a time, saying, Tomorrow Adonoy will do this thing in the land.
וַיַּעַשׂ יְהֹוָה אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה מִֽמׇּחֳרָת וַיָּמׇת כֹּל מִקְנֵה מִצְרָיִם וּמִמִּקְנֵה בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא־מֵת אֶחָֽד׃
Adonoy did this thing on the next day, and all the livestock in Egypt died, but of the livestock of the B’nei Yisrael, not one died.
Adonoy did this thing on the next day, and all the livestock in Egypt died, but of the livestock of the B’nei Yisrael, not one died.
וַיִּשְׁלַח פַּרְעֹה וְהִנֵּה לֹא־מֵת מִמִּקְנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל עַד־אֶחָד וַיִּכְבַּד לֵב פַּרְעֹה וְלֹא שִׁלַּח אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ {פ}
Pharaoh sent [scouts] and behold not a single animal of the B’nei Yisrael died. The heart of Pharaoh remained hard and he did not send out the people.
Pharaoh sent [scouts] and behold not a single animal of the B’nei Yisrael died. The heart of Pharaoh remained hard and he did not send out the people.
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן קְחוּ לָכֶם מְלֹא חׇפְנֵיכֶם פִּיחַ כִּבְשָׁן וּזְרָקוֹ מֹשֶׁה הַשָּׁמַיְמָה לְעֵינֵי פַרְעֹֽה׃
Adonoy spoke to Moshe and Aharon, “Both of you take full handfuls of furnace soot and let Moshe throw it heavenward before the eyes of Pharaoh.
Adonoy spoke to Moshe and Aharon, “Both of you take full handfuls of furnace soot and let Moshe throw it heavenward before the eyes of Pharaoh.
Rashi
מלא חפניכם. ילויינו"ש בלע"ז
Full handfuls. Jelones in Old French — handfuls.
פיח כבשן. דבר הַנִּפָּח מן הגחלים עוממים הנשרפים בכבשן, ובלע"ז אולב"ש. פיח לשון הפחה, שהרוח מפיחן ומפריחן:
Furnace soot. [פִּיחַ is] that which is blown from dying embers that have been burnt in a furnace, in Old French olves — furnace ashes. פִּיחַ having the same root as הַפָּחָה — blowing, for the wind blows and disperses them.
וזרקו משה. וכל דבר הנזרק בכח, אינו נזרק אלא ביד אחת, הרי נסים הרבה, אחד שהחזיק קומצו של משה מלא חפנים שלו ושל אהרן, ואחד שהלך האבק על כל ארץ מצרים:
And let Moshe throw it. And since anything thrown with force is thrown only with one hand, [we may conclude that] there were a number of miracles: One, that Moshe’s one fistful held both his and Aharon’s handfuls. And another, that the soot spread over the entire land of Egypt.
וְהָיָה לְאָבָק עַל כׇּל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם וְהָיָה עַל־הָאָדָם וְעַל־הַבְּהֵמָה לִשְׁחִין פֹּרֵחַ אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת בְּכׇל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
It will become a fine dust [and settle] over the whole land of Egypt. It will settle on man and beast causing a rash which will break out into boils [affecting] the whole land of Egypt.”
It will become a fine dust [and settle] over the whole land of Egypt. It will settle on man and beast causing a rash which will break out into boils [affecting] the whole land of Egypt.”
Rashi
לשחין פרח אבעבועות. כתרגומו לשחין סַגִּי, אֲבַעְבּוּעִין שעל ידו צומחין בהן בועות:
A rash which will break out into boils. As Onkelos translates it: לְשִׁיחֲנָא סַגִּי אַבַעְבּוּעִין, (a rash producing boil) [meaning] that through it (שְׁחִין) boils sprouted all over them.
שחין. לשון חמימות, והרבה יש בלשון משנה, שנה שחונה:
A rash. שְׁחִין has the meaning of heat. There are several instances of this in the Mishnah: [e.g.] שָׁנָה שְׁחוּנָה — “a hot year.”
וַיִּקְחוּ אֶת־פִּיחַ הַכִּבְשָׁן וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ לִפְנֵי פַרְעֹה וַיִּזְרֹק אֹתוֹ מֹשֶׁה הַשָּׁמָיְמָה וַיְהִי שְׁחִין אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת פֹּרֵחַ בָּאָדָם וּבַבְּהֵמָֽה׃
They took the furnace soot and stood before Pharaoh. Moshe threw it heavenward, and it caused a rash which broke into boils in man and beast.
They took the furnace soot and stood before Pharaoh. Moshe threw it heavenward, and it caused a rash which broke into boils in man and beast.
Rashi
באדם ובבהמה. ואם תאמר מאין היו להם הבהמות, והלא כבר נאמר וַיָמָת כֹּל מִקְנֵה מִצְרָיִם, אלא לא נגזרה גזרה אלא על אותן שבשדות בלבד, שנאמר בְּמִקְנְךָ אֲשֶׁר בַּשָׂדֶה, והַיָּרֵא אֶת דְּבַר ה' הֵנִיס אֶת מִקְנֵהוּ אֶל הַבָּתִּים. וכן שנויה במכילתא אצל וַיִקַּח שֵׁשׁ מֵאֹות רֶכֶב בָּחוּר (שמות יד, ז):
In man and beast. Should you ask: from where did they have these animals, has it not already been stated: “and the livestock in Egypt died”? [I would answer] that the decree was only on those [that remained] in the fields exclusively, as it is said: “at your livestock that are in the field,” and whoever feared the word of Hashem made his livestock flee into the house. It is likewise taught in the Mechilta concerning: “He took 600 selected chariots.”
וְלֹֽא־יָכְלוּ הַֽחַרְטֻמִּים לַעֲמֹד לִפְנֵי מֹשֶׁה מִפְּנֵי הַשְּׁחִין כִּֽי־הָיָה הַשְּׁחִין בַּֽחַרְטֻמִּם וּבְכׇל־מִצְרָֽיִם׃
The sorcerers could not stand before Moshe as a result of the rash, for the rash affected the sorcerers as well as all of Egypt.
The sorcerers could not stand before Moshe as a result of the rash, for the rash affected the sorcerers as well as all of Egypt.
וַיְחַזֵּק יְהֹוָה אֶת־לֵב פַּרְעֹה וְלֹא שָׁמַע אֲלֵהֶם כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ {ס}
Adonoy caused Pharaoh’s heart to remain hard and he did not listen to them just as Adonoy had spoken to Moshe.
Adonoy caused Pharaoh’s heart to remain hard and he did not listen to them just as Adonoy had spoken to Moshe.
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה הַשְׁכֵּם בַּבֹּקֶר וְהִתְיַצֵּב לִפְנֵי פַרְעֹה וְאָמַרְתָּ אֵלָיו כֹּֽה־אָמַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי הָֽעִבְרִים שַׁלַּח אֶת־עַמִּי וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Rise early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh, and say to him, ‘This is what Adonoy, God of the Hebrews, has said, “Send out My people and let them serve Me.
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Rise early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh, and say to him, ‘This is what Adonoy, God of the Hebrews, has said, “Send out My people and let them serve Me.
כִּי ׀ בַּפַּעַם הַזֹּאת אֲנִי שֹׁלֵחַ אֶת־כׇּל־מַגֵּפֹתַי אֶֽל־לִבְּךָ וּבַעֲבָדֶיךָ וּבְעַמֶּךָ בַּעֲבוּר תֵּדַע כִּי אֵין כָּמֹנִי בְּכׇל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
For this time, I will send all My plagues against your [very] heart. [They will strike] your servants and your people, so that you will know that there is none like Me in all the earth.
For this time, I will send all My plagues against your [very] heart. [They will strike] your servants and your people, so that you will know that there is none like Me in all the earth.
Rashi
את כל מגפתי. למדנו מכאן, שמכת בכורות שקולה כנגד כל המכות:
All My plagues. We learn from here that מכת בכורות is equivalent to all the plagues.
כִּי עַתָּה שָׁלַחְתִּי אֶת־יָדִי וָאַךְ אוֹתְךָ וְאֶֽת־עַמְּךָ בַּדָּבֶר וַתִּכָּחֵד מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
For now I [could] have extended My hand, and struck you and your people with the pestilence, and you would have been obliterated from the earth.
For now I [could] have extended My hand, and struck you and your people with the pestilence, and you would have been obliterated from the earth.
Rashi
כי עתה שלחתי את ידי וגו'. כי אלו רציתי, כשהיתה ידי במקנך שהכיתים בדבר, שלחתיה והכיתי אותך ואת עמך עם הבהמות: ותכחד מן הארץ. אבל בעבור זאת העמדתיך וגו':
For now. I [could] have extended my hand, etc. I.e., “for had I wished, [then] when My hand was [striking] at your livestock when I struck them with pestilence, I would have sent it and struck you and your people together with the animals — and you would have been obliterated from the earth. but it is for this reason that I have let you survive, etc.
וְאוּלָם בַּעֲבוּר זֹאת הֶעֱמַדְתִּיךָ בַּעֲבוּר הַרְאֹתְךָ אֶת־כֹּחִי וּלְמַעַן סַפֵּר שְׁמִי בְּכׇל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
Nevertheless, for this reason I have let you survive—to show you My strength—so that My Name will be declared throughout all the earth.
Nevertheless, for this reason I have let you survive—to show you My strength—so that My Name will be declared throughout all the earth.
עוֹדְךָ מִסְתּוֹלֵל בְּעַמִּי לְבִלְתִּי שַׁלְּחָֽם׃
But you are still oppressing My people refusing to send them out.
But you are still oppressing My people refusing to send them out.
Rashi
עודך מסתולל בעמי. כתרגומו כְּבֵישַׁת בֵּיהּ בְּעַמִּי, והיא מגזרת מסלה דמתרגמינן אוֹרַח כְּבוּשָׁא, ובלע"ז קלקי"ר וכבר פירשתי בסוף ויהי מקץ, כל תיבה שתחלת יסודה סמ"ך והיא באה לדבר בלשון מתפעל, נותן התי"ו של שמוש באמצע אותיות של עיקר, כגון זו, וכגון וְיִסְתַּבֵּל הֶחָגָב (קהלת יב, ה), מגזרת סבל. כִּי תִּשְׂתָּרֵר עָלֵינוּ (דניאל ז, ח), מגזרת שר ונגיד. וכן מִשְׂתַּכַּל הֲוִית (דניאל ז, ח):
But you are still oppressing my people. [מִסְתּוֹלֵל בְּעַמִי is] as Onkelos translates it: “You are oppressing My people.” It (מִסְתּוֹלֵל) has the same root as מְסִלָה, which is translated by Onkelos as: “a well-worn path.” Chalchier in Old French — a trodden path. I have already explained at the end of Parshas Miketz that any word whose first root letter is סָמֶ"ךְ and intends to convey the הִתְפָּעֵל conjugation one places the prefix letter ת' in the middle of the root letters as in this case (מִסְתּוֹלֵל) and for example וְיִסְתַּבֵּל הֶחָגָב — “the grasshopper will drag itself,” יִסְתַּבֵּל having the root סָבֹל — carry a load, [or] כִּי תִשְׂתָּרֵר עָלֵינוּ — “that you would make yourself our ruler” תִשְׂתָּרֵר having the root of שַׂר וְנָגִיד — “a prince and a nobleman,” [or] מִשְׂתַּכַּל הֲוֵית — “I was reflecting.”
הִנְנִי מַמְטִיר כָּעֵת מָחָר בָּרָד כָּבֵד מְאֹד אֲשֶׁר לֹא־הָיָה כָמֹהוּ בְּמִצְרַיִם לְמִן־הַיּוֹם הִוָּסְדָהֿ וְעַד־עָֽתָּה׃
Tomorrow at this time, I will cause it to rain a tremendously heavy hail. There was never anything like it in Egypt, from the time it was founded until now.
Tomorrow at this time, I will cause it to rain a tremendously heavy hail. There was never anything like it in Egypt, from the time it was founded until now.
Rashi
כעת מחר. כעת הזאת למחר, שרט לו שריטה בכותל, למחר כשתגיע חמה לכאן, ירד הברד:
Tomorrow at this time. [כָּעֵת מָחָר means] at the same time tomorrow. He scratched a mark in the wall [and said,] “Tomorrow when the sun reaches here the hail will come down.
הוסדה. שנתיסדה. וכל תיבה שתחלת יסודה יו"ד, כגון יסד, ילד, ידע, יסר, כשהיא מתפעלת, תבא הוי"ו במקום היו"ד, כמו הוסדה, הִוָּלְדָהּ (הושע ב, ה), וַיִּוָּדַע (אסתר ב, כב), וַיִּוָּלֵד לְיֹוסֵף (בראשית מו, כ), בִּדְבָרִים לֹא יִוָּסֶר עָבֶד (משלי כט, יט):
It was founded. [הִוָּסְדָה means] that it was founded. Every word whose first root-letter is a י', e.g., יָסֹד (founded), יָלֹד (gave birth) יָדֹעַ (knew), יָסֹר (removed), when it is put in the הִתְפָּעֵל form the letter ו' replaces the letter י', as in הִוָּסְדָה or הִוָּלְדָה וַיִּוָּדַע — “it became known,” [or] וַיִּוָּלֵד לְיוֹסֵף — “There was born to Yoseif,” [or] “With words will a servant לֹא יִוָּסֶר — not be rebuked.”
וְעַתָּה שְׁלַח הָעֵז אֶֽת־מִקְנְךָ וְאֵת כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר לְךָ בַּשָּׂדֶה כׇּל־הָאָדָם וְהַבְּהֵמָה אֲשֶֽׁר־יִמָּצֵא בַשָּׂדֶה וְלֹא יֵֽאָסֵף הַבַּיְתָה וְיָרַד עֲלֵהֶם הַבָּרָד וָמֵֽתוּ׃
Now send [word] and gather [shelter] your livestock and all that you have in the field. Any man or beast that is found [remains] in the field and will not be brought into the house [indoors]—the hail will descend upon them and they will die.”
Now send [word] and gather [shelter] your livestock and all that you have in the field. Any man or beast that is found [remains] in the field and will not be brought into the house [indoors]—the hail will descend upon them and they will die.”
Rashi
שלח העז. כתרגומו שלח כְּנוֹשׁ, וכן ישְׁבֵי הַגֵּבִים הֵעִיזוּ (ישעיה י, לא), הָעִיזוּ בְּנֵי בִנְיָמִן (ירמיה ו, א):
Send [word] and gather. שְׁלַח הָעֵז is as Onkelos translates it: “send [word] and gather.” Similarly: “The inhabitants of Geibim (הֵעִיזוּ) gathered,” [or:] “(הֵעִיזוּ) gather! children of Binyamin.”
ולא יאסף הביתה. לשון הכנסה היא:
And will not be brought into the house. יֵאָסֵף is a term meaning gathering in.
הַיָּרֵא אֶת־דְּבַר יְהֹוָה מֵֽעַבְדֵי פַּרְעֹה הֵנִיס אֶת־עֲבָדָיו וְאֶת־מִקְנֵהוּ אֶל־הַבָּתִּֽים׃
He that feared the word of Adonoy among Pharaoh’s servants, made his servants and his livestock flee into the houses [indoors].
He that feared the word of Adonoy among Pharaoh’s servants, made his servants and his livestock flee into the houses [indoors].
Rashi
הניס. הבריח, לשון וינס:
Made flee. הֵנִיס means caused to flee from the word “וַיָּנָס .”
וַאֲשֶׁר לֹא־שָׂם לִבּוֹ אֶל־דְּבַר יְהֹוָה וַֽיַּעֲזֹב אֶת־עֲבָדָיו וְאֶת־מִקְנֵהוּ בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃ {פ}
But he whose heart did not heed the word of Adonoy, left his servants and his livestock in the field.
But he whose heart did not heed the word of Adonoy, left his servants and his livestock in the field.
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה נְטֵה אֶת־יָֽדְךָ עַל־הַשָּׁמַיִם וִיהִי בָרָד בְּכׇל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם עַל־הָאָדָם וְעַל־הַבְּהֵמָה וְעַל כׇּל־עֵשֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶה בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Extend your hand toward the heavens, and there will be hail throughout the land of Egypt—on man and on beast, and upon all the vegetation in the land of Egypt.”
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Extend your hand toward the heavens, and there will be hail throughout the land of Egypt—on man and on beast, and upon all the vegetation in the land of Egypt.”
Rashi
על השמים. לצד השמים. ומדרש אגדה, הגביהו הקב"ה למשה למעלה מן השמים:
Toward the Heavens. [עַל הַשָּׁמַיִם means] toward the heavens. But the midrashic explanation is: Hashem lifted Moshe over the heavens.
וַיֵּט מֹשֶׁה אֶת־מַטֵּהוּ עַל־הַשָּׁמַיִם וַֽיהֹוָה נָתַן קֹלֹת וּבָרָד וַתִּהֲלַךְ אֵשׁ אָרְצָה וַיַּמְטֵר יְהֹוָה בָּרָד עַל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
Moshe extended his rod toward the heavens, and Adonoy sent thunder and hail, and fire came streaming down upon the earth. Adonoy caused it to rain hail on the land of Egypt.
Moshe extended his rod toward the heavens, and Adonoy sent thunder and hail, and fire came streaming down upon the earth. Adonoy caused it to rain hail on the land of Egypt.
וַיְהִי בָרָד וְאֵשׁ מִתְלַקַּחַת בְּתוֹךְ הַבָּרָד כָּבֵד מְאֹד אֲשֶׁר לֹֽא־הָיָה כָמֹהוּ בְּכׇל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם מֵאָז הָיְתָה לְגֽוֹי׃
There was hail and fire [lightning] flashing among the hailstones. It was an extremely heavy [downfall]. There had never been anything like it in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.
There was hail and fire [lightning] flashing among the hailstones. It was an extremely heavy [downfall]. There had never been anything like it in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.
Rashi
מתלקחת בתוך הברד. נס בתוך נס, האש והברד מעורבין, והברד מים הוא, ולעשות רצון קונם עשו שלום ביניהם (שמו"ר יב, ו):
Flashing Among the Hailstones. [This was] a miracle within a miracle; the fire and the hail intermingled, yet the hail is water! And to do the bidding of their Creator they made peace between themselves.
וַיַּךְ הַבָּרָד בְּכׇל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם אֵת כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר בַּשָּׂדֶה מֵאָדָם וְעַד־בְּהֵמָה וְאֵת כׇּל־עֵשֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶה הִכָּה הַבָּרָד וְאֶת־כׇּל־עֵץ הַשָּׂדֶה שִׁבֵּֽר׃
The hail struck throughout the whole land of Egypt, [killing] all that was in the field [outdoors]—both man and beast. All the vegetation in the fields was struck by the hail and every tree in the fields was shattered.
The hail struck throughout the whole land of Egypt, [killing] all that was in the field [outdoors]—both man and beast. All the vegetation in the fields was struck by the hail and every tree in the fields was shattered.
רַק בְּאֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן אֲשֶׁר־שָׁם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא הָיָה בָּרָֽד׃
Only in the land of Goshen where the B’nei Yisrael were, there was no hail.
Only in the land of Goshen where the B’nei Yisrael were, there was no hail.
וַיִּשְׁלַח פַּרְעֹה וַיִּקְרָא לְמֹשֶׁה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹן וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם חָטָאתִי הַפָּעַם יְהֹוָה הַצַּדִּיק וַאֲנִי וְעַמִּי הָרְשָׁעִֽים׃
Pharaoh sent, and called for Moshe and Aharon, and he said to them, “This time I have sinned. Adonoy is the righteous One and I and my people are the sinners.
Pharaoh sent, and called for Moshe and Aharon, and he said to them, “This time I have sinned. Adonoy is the righteous One and I and my people are the sinners.
הַעְתִּירוּ אֶל־יְהֹוָה וְרַב מִֽהְיֹת קֹלֹת אֱלֹהִים וּבָרָד וַאֲשַׁלְּחָה אֶתְכֶם וְלֹא תֹסִפוּן לַעֲמֹֽד׃
Pray to Adonoy There has been enough of God’s thunder and hail. I will send you out without further delay.”
Pray to Adonoy There has been enough of God’s thunder and hail. I will send you out without further delay.”
Rashi
ורב. די לו במה שהוריד כבר:
Enough. [I.e.] let it be sufficient for Him with what He has already brought down.
וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו מֹשֶׁה כְּצֵאתִי אֶת־הָעִיר אֶפְרֹשׂ אֶת־כַּפַּי אֶל־יְהֹוָה הַקֹּלוֹת יֶחְדָּלוּן וְהַבָּרָד לֹא יִֽהְיֶה־עוֹד לְמַעַן תֵּדַע כִּי לַיהֹוָה הָאָֽרֶץ׃
Moshe said to him, “When I leave the city, I will spread my hands to Adonoy. The thunder will cease and their will be no more hail, so that you will know that the earth belongs to Adonoy.
Moshe said to him, “When I leave the city, I will spread my hands to Adonoy. The thunder will cease and their will be no more hail, so that you will know that the earth belongs to Adonoy.
Rashi
כצאתי את העיר. מן העיר, אבל בתוך העיר לא התפלל, לפי שהיתה מלאה גלולים (שם יב, ז):
When I leave the city. [אֶת הָעִיר has the same meaning as] מִן הָעִיר — from the city. But within the city he would not pray because it was full of idols.
וְאַתָּה וַעֲבָדֶיךָ יָדַעְתִּי כִּי טֶרֶם תִּֽירְאוּן מִפְּנֵי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהִֽים׃
But regarding you and your servants, I know that you are not yet in fear of Adonoy, Elohim.
But regarding you and your servants, I know that you are not yet in fear of Adonoy, Elohim.
Rashi
טרם תיראון. עדיין לא תיראון. וכן כל טרם שבמקרא עדיין לא הוא, ואינו לשון קודם, כמו טֶרֶם יִשְׁכָּבוּ (בראשית יט, ד), עד לא שכיבו. טֶרֶם יִצְמָח (שם ב, ה), עד לא צמח. אף זה כן הוא, ידעתי כי עדיין אינכם יראים, ומשתהיה הרוחה תעמדו בקלקולכם:
You are not yet in fear. [טֶרֶם תִּירְאוּן is translated:] “You are not yet in fear.” Similarly, wherever טֶרֶם appears in Scripture it has the meaning: not yet, and does not mean: before; as in טֶרֶם יִשְׁכָּבוּ — [which Onkelos translates] “They did not yet lie down,” [or: טֶרֶם יִצְמָּח — [which Onkelos translates:] “did not yet sprout. This one (i.e., טֶרֶם תִּירְאוּן), too, has a similar meaning: “I know that you [and your servants] do not yet fear, and that the moment there will be relief you will continue with your corruption.
וְהַפִּשְׁתָּה וְהַשְּׂעֹרָה נֻכָּתָה כִּי הַשְּׂעֹרָה אָבִיב וְהַפִּשְׁתָּה גִּבְעֹֽל׃
The flax and barley have been broken since the barley was ripe, and the flax had formed into stalks.
The flax and barley have been broken since the barley was ripe, and the flax had formed into stalks.
Rashi
והפשתה והשעורה נכתה. נשברה, לשון פרעה נכה, נכאים, וכן לא נכו, ולא יתכן לפרשו לשון הכאה, שאין נו"ן במקום ה"א לפרש נכתה כמו הוכתה, נכו כמו הכו, אלא הנו"ן שורש בתיבה, והרי הוא מגזרת וְשֻׁפּוּ עַצְמֹתָיו (איוב לג, כא):
The flax and barley have been broken. [נֻכָּתָה meaning] has been broken, from the same term as פַּרְעֹה נְכֹה — the lame Pharaoh; [or] נְכָאִים — broken. Similarly לֹא נֻכּוּ [means “were not broken”]. It would not be correct to explain it as a term meaning “striking,” for the letter נ' cannot replace the letter ה' so that נוּכָּתָה can be explained as הוּכָּתָה, or נֻכּוּ to be the same as הוּכּוּ . But rather, the נ' is part of the word-root and is [grammatically] the same form as וְשֻׁפוּ עַצְמוֹתָיו — “his bones were bared.”
כי השערה אביב. כבר ביכרה ועומדת בְּקָשְׁיָהּ, ונשתברו ונפלו, וכן הפשתה גדלה כבר והוקשה לעמוד בגבעוליה:
Since the barley was ripe. [Meaning] it has already ripened and is standing in its stalks and they [therefore] broke and fell. So, too, the flax has already become full-grown and has hardened so as to stand on its stems.
השעורה אביב. עמדה באביה, לשון בְּאִבֵּי הַנָּחַל (שיר השירים ו, יא):
The barley was ripe. [אָבִיב meaning] stood in its stalks, from the same term as: בְּאִבֵּי הַנָּחַל — “the stalks of the stream.”
וְהַחִטָּה וְהַכֻּסֶּמֶת לֹא נֻכּוּ כִּי אֲפִילֹת הֵֽנָּה׃
But neither the wheat or the spelt were broken since they are late in sprouting.”
But neither the wheat or the spelt were broken since they are late in sprouting.”
Rashi
כי אפילת הנה. מאוחרות, ועדיין היו רכות, ויכולות לעמוד בפני קשה, ואע"פ שנאמר ואת כל עשב השדה הכה הברד, יש לפרש פשוטו של מקרא בעשבים העומדים בקלחם הראויים ללקות בברד. ומדרש רבי תנחומא (וארא טז) יש מרבותינו שנחלקו על זאת, ודרשו כי אפילות, פלאי פלאות נעשו להם שלא לקו:
Since they are late in sprouting. [אֲפִילֹת meaning] late, and were still soft [and pliable] and were able to stand [even] in the face of [a] hard [blow]. Although it has been stated: “All the vegetation in the fields was struck by the hail” one can explain the plain meaning of the verse as referring to the vegetation that stood in their stalks (i.e., were ripe), and were vulnerable to be broken by the hail. [However], in Midrash Rabbi Tanchuma, some Sages dispute this and explain כִּי אֲפִילֹת [as meaning] a wonder of wonders (פֶּלֶא =wonder) occurred that they were not struck.
וַיֵּצֵא מֹשֶׁה מֵעִם פַּרְעֹה אֶת־הָעִיר וַיִּפְרֹשׂ כַּפָּיו אֶל־יְהֹוָה וַֽיַּחְדְּלוּ הַקֹּלוֹת וְהַבָּרָד וּמָטָר לֹא־נִתַּךְ אָֽרְצָה׃
Moshe [then] left Pharaoh’s presence, and left the city. He spread his hands [in prayer] to Adonoy. The thunder ceased, and the hail and the rain did not reach the earth.
Moshe [then] left Pharaoh’s presence, and left the city. He spread his hands [in prayer] to Adonoy. The thunder ceased, and the hail and the rain did not reach the earth.
Rashi
לא נתך. לא הגיע, ואף אותן שהיו באויר לא הגיעו לארץ, ודומה לו וַתִּתַּךְ עָלֵינוּ הָאָלָה וְהַשְׁבֻעָה (דניאל ט, יא) דעזרא, ותגיע עלינו. ומנחם בן סרוק חברו בחלק כְּהִתּוּך כֶּסֶף (יחזקאל כב, כב), לשון יציקת מתכת, ורואה אני את דבריו כתרגומו וַיִצֹק, וְאַתֵּיךְ. לָצֶקֶת, לְאַתָּכָא. אף זה לא נתך לארץ, לא הוצק לארץ:
Did not reach. [לֹא נִתַּךְ meaning] did not reach. Even those that were already in the air [never] reached the ground. Similar to this is: “וַתִּתַּךְ עָלֵינוּ the curse and the oath” in the Book of Daniel [וְתַּגִּיעַ עָלֵינוּ meaning:] it reached us. Menachem ben Saruk classified it in the category of כְּהִתּוּךְ כֶּסֶף meaning: the pouring (melting) of metal. I agree with his opinion, as Onkelos translates “וַיִּצֹק as וְאַתִּיךְ [and] “לָצֶקֶת” לְאַתָּכָא — to cast. So, too, לֹא נִתַּךְ לָאָרֶץ [has the meaning:] [The hail] was not poured to the ground.
וַיַּרְא פַּרְעֹה כִּֽי־חָדַל הַמָּטָר וְהַבָּרָד וְהַקֹּלֹת וַיֹּסֶף לַחֲטֹא וַיַּכְבֵּד לִבּוֹ הוּא וַעֲבָדָֽיו׃
[When] Pharaoh saw that the rain, and the hail and the thunder ceased, he continued his sin[ful ways]. He and his servants hardened their hearts.
[When] Pharaoh saw that the rain, and the hail and the thunder ceased, he continued his sin[ful ways]. He and his servants hardened their hearts.
וַיֶּֽחֱזַק לֵב פַּרְעֹה וְלֹא שִׁלַּח אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר יְהֹוָה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ {פ}
Pharaoh’s heart was strengthened, and he did not send the B’nei Yisrael out. This was just as Adonoy had spoken through Moshe.
Pharaoh’s heart was strengthened, and he did not send the B’nei Yisrael out. This was just as Adonoy had spoken through Moshe.
Where next
Keep reading
- Chapter 8
- Chapter 10
- Vaera Parsha
מחזיק בם. אוחז בם, כמו וְהֶחֱזִיקָה בִּמְבֻשָׁיו (דברים כה, יא):
Holding them. [מַחֲזִיק בָּם means] holding them, as in “(וְהֶחֱזִיקָה) and she took hold of his private parts.”