Tanach
Shemot 9:13-21 שמות ט׳:י״ג-כ״א
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה הַשְׁכֵּם בַּבֹּקֶר וְהִתְיַצֵּב לִפְנֵי פַרְעֹה וְאָמַרְתָּ אֵלָיו כֹּֽה־אָמַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי הָֽעִבְרִים שַׁלַּח אֶת־עַמִּי וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Rise early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh, and say to him, ‘This is what Adonoy, God of the Hebrews, has said, “Send out My people and let them serve Me.
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Rise early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh, and say to him, ‘This is what Adonoy, God of the Hebrews, has said, “Send out My people and let them serve Me.
כִּי ׀ בַּפַּעַם הַזֹּאת אֲנִי שֹׁלֵחַ אֶת־כׇּל־מַגֵּפֹתַי אֶֽל־לִבְּךָ וּבַעֲבָדֶיךָ וּבְעַמֶּךָ בַּעֲבוּר תֵּדַע כִּי אֵין כָּמֹנִי בְּכׇל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
For this time, I will send all My plagues against your [very] heart. [They will strike] your servants and your people, so that you will know that there is none like Me in all the earth.
For this time, I will send all My plagues against your [very] heart. [They will strike] your servants and your people, so that you will know that there is none like Me in all the earth.
Rashi
כִּי עַתָּה שָׁלַחְתִּי אֶת־יָדִי וָאַךְ אוֹתְךָ וְאֶֽת־עַמְּךָ בַּדָּבֶר וַתִּכָּחֵד מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
For now I [could] have extended My hand, and struck you and your people with the pestilence, and you would have been obliterated from the earth.
For now I [could] have extended My hand, and struck you and your people with the pestilence, and you would have been obliterated from the earth.
Rashi
כי עתה שלחתי את ידי וגו'. כי אלו רציתי, כשהיתה ידי במקנך שהכיתים בדבר, שלחתיה והכיתי אותך ואת עמך עם הבהמות: ותכחד מן הארץ. אבל בעבור זאת העמדתיך וגו':
For now. I [could] have extended my hand, etc. I.e., “for had I wished, [then] when My hand was [striking] at your livestock when I struck them with pestilence, I would have sent it and struck you and your people together with the animals — and you would have been obliterated from the earth. but it is for this reason that I have let you survive, etc.
וְאוּלָם בַּעֲבוּר זֹאת הֶעֱמַדְתִּיךָ בַּעֲבוּר הַרְאֹתְךָ אֶת־כֹּחִי וּלְמַעַן סַפֵּר שְׁמִי בְּכׇל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
Nevertheless, for this reason I have let you survive—to show you My strength—so that My Name will be declared throughout all the earth.
Nevertheless, for this reason I have let you survive—to show you My strength—so that My Name will be declared throughout all the earth.
עוֹדְךָ מִסְתּוֹלֵל בְּעַמִּי לְבִלְתִּי שַׁלְּחָֽם׃
But you are still oppressing My people refusing to send them out.
But you are still oppressing My people refusing to send them out.
Rashi
עודך מסתולל בעמי. כתרגומו כְּבֵישַׁת בֵּיהּ בְּעַמִּי, והיא מגזרת מסלה דמתרגמינן אוֹרַח כְּבוּשָׁא, ובלע"ז קלקי"ר וכבר פירשתי בסוף ויהי מקץ, כל תיבה שתחלת יסודה סמ"ך והיא באה לדבר בלשון מתפעל, נותן התי"ו של שמוש באמצע אותיות של עיקר, כגון זו, וכגון וְיִסְתַּבֵּל הֶחָגָב (קהלת יב, ה), מגזרת סבל. כִּי תִּשְׂתָּרֵר עָלֵינוּ (דניאל ז, ח), מגזרת שר ונגיד. וכן מִשְׂתַּכַּל הֲוִית (דניאל ז, ח):
But you are still oppressing my people. [מִסְתּוֹלֵל בְּעַמִי is] as Onkelos translates it: “You are oppressing My people.” It (מִסְתּוֹלֵל) has the same root as מְסִלָה, which is translated by Onkelos as: “a well-worn path.” Chalchier in Old French — a trodden path. I have already explained at the end of Parshas Miketz that any word whose first root letter is סָמֶ"ךְ and intends to convey the הִתְפָּעֵל conjugation one places the prefix letter ת' in the middle of the root letters as in this case (מִסְתּוֹלֵל) and for example וְיִסְתַּבֵּל הֶחָגָב — “the grasshopper will drag itself,” יִסְתַּבֵּל having the root סָבֹל — carry a load, [or] כִּי תִשְׂתָּרֵר עָלֵינוּ — “that you would make yourself our ruler” תִשְׂתָּרֵר having the root of שַׂר וְנָגִיד — “a prince and a nobleman,” [or] מִשְׂתַּכַּל הֲוֵית — “I was reflecting.”
הִנְנִי מַמְטִיר כָּעֵת מָחָר בָּרָד כָּבֵד מְאֹד אֲשֶׁר לֹא־הָיָה כָמֹהוּ בְּמִצְרַיִם לְמִן־הַיּוֹם הִוָּסְדָהֿ וְעַד־עָֽתָּה׃
Tomorrow at this time, I will cause it to rain a tremendously heavy hail. There was never anything like it in Egypt, from the time it was founded until now.
Tomorrow at this time, I will cause it to rain a tremendously heavy hail. There was never anything like it in Egypt, from the time it was founded until now.
Rashi
כעת מחר. כעת הזאת למחר, שרט לו שריטה בכותל, למחר כשתגיע חמה לכאן, ירד הברד:
Tomorrow at this time. [כָּעֵת מָחָר means] at the same time tomorrow. He scratched a mark in the wall [and said,] “Tomorrow when the sun reaches here the hail will come down.
הוסדה. שנתיסדה. וכל תיבה שתחלת יסודה יו"ד, כגון יסד, ילד, ידע, יסר, כשהיא מתפעלת, תבא הוי"ו במקום היו"ד, כמו הוסדה, הִוָּלְדָהּ (הושע ב, ה), וַיִּוָּדַע (אסתר ב, כב), וַיִּוָּלֵד לְיֹוסֵף (בראשית מו, כ), בִּדְבָרִים לֹא יִוָּסֶר עָבֶד (משלי כט, יט):
It was founded. [הִוָּסְדָה means] that it was founded. Every word whose first root-letter is a י', e.g., יָסֹד (founded), יָלֹד (gave birth) יָדֹעַ (knew), יָסֹר (removed), when it is put in the הִתְפָּעֵל form the letter ו' replaces the letter י', as in הִוָּסְדָה or הִוָּלְדָה וַיִּוָּדַע — “it became known,” [or] וַיִּוָּלֵד לְיוֹסֵף — “There was born to Yoseif,” [or] “With words will a servant לֹא יִוָּסֶר — not be rebuked.”
וְעַתָּה שְׁלַח הָעֵז אֶֽת־מִקְנְךָ וְאֵת כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר לְךָ בַּשָּׂדֶה כׇּל־הָאָדָם וְהַבְּהֵמָה אֲשֶֽׁר־יִמָּצֵא בַשָּׂדֶה וְלֹא יֵֽאָסֵף הַבַּיְתָה וְיָרַד עֲלֵהֶם הַבָּרָד וָמֵֽתוּ׃
Now send [word] and gather [shelter] your livestock and all that you have in the field. Any man or beast that is found [remains] in the field and will not be brought into the house [indoors]—the hail will descend upon them and they will die.”
Now send [word] and gather [shelter] your livestock and all that you have in the field. Any man or beast that is found [remains] in the field and will not be brought into the house [indoors]—the hail will descend upon them and they will die.”
Rashi
שלח העז. כתרגומו שלח כְּנוֹשׁ, וכן ישְׁבֵי הַגֵּבִים הֵעִיזוּ (ישעיה י, לא), הָעִיזוּ בְּנֵי בִנְיָמִן (ירמיה ו, א):
Send [word] and gather. שְׁלַח הָעֵז is as Onkelos translates it: “send [word] and gather.” Similarly: “The inhabitants of Geibim (הֵעִיזוּ) gathered,” [or:] “(הֵעִיזוּ) gather! children of Binyamin.”
ולא יאסף הביתה. לשון הכנסה היא:
And will not be brought into the house. יֵאָסֵף is a term meaning gathering in.
הַיָּרֵא אֶת־דְּבַר יְהֹוָה מֵֽעַבְדֵי פַּרְעֹה הֵנִיס אֶת־עֲבָדָיו וְאֶת־מִקְנֵהוּ אֶל־הַבָּתִּֽים׃
He that feared the word of Adonoy among Pharaoh’s servants, made his servants and his livestock flee into the houses [indoors].
He that feared the word of Adonoy among Pharaoh’s servants, made his servants and his livestock flee into the houses [indoors].
Rashi
הניס. הבריח, לשון וינס:
Made flee. הֵנִיס means caused to flee from the word “וַיָּנָס .”
וַאֲשֶׁר לֹא־שָׂם לִבּוֹ אֶל־דְּבַר יְהֹוָה וַֽיַּעֲזֹב אֶת־עֲבָדָיו וְאֶת־מִקְנֵהוּ בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃ {פ}
But he whose heart did not heed the word of Adonoy, left his servants and his livestock in the field.
But he whose heart did not heed the word of Adonoy, left his servants and his livestock in the field.
את כל מגפתי. למדנו מכאן, שמכת בכורות שקולה כנגד כל המכות:
All My plagues. We learn from here that מכת בכורות is equivalent to all the plagues.