Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi

Shemot 9

9:17

עוֹדְךָ מִסְתּוֹלֵל בְּעַמִּי לְבִלְתִּי שַׁלְּחָֽם׃

But you are still oppressing My people refusing to send them out.

But you are still oppressing My people refusing to send them out.

Rashi

עודך מסתולל בעמי. כתרגומו כְּבֵישַׁת בֵּיהּ בְּעַמִּי, והיא מגזרת מסלה דמתרגמינן אוֹרַח כְּבוּשָׁא, ובלע"ז קלקי"ר וכבר פירשתי בסוף ויהי מקץ, כל תיבה שתחלת יסודה סמ"ך והיא באה לדבר בלשון מתפעל, נותן התי"ו של שמוש באמצע אותיות של עיקר, כגון זו, וכגון וְיִסְתַּבֵּל הֶחָגָב (קהלת יב, ה), מגזרת סבל. כִּי תִּשְׂתָּרֵר עָלֵינוּ (דניאל ז, ח), מגזרת שר ונגיד. וכן מִשְׂתַּכַּל הֲוִית (דניאל ז, ח):

But you are still oppressing my people. [מִסְתּוֹלֵל בְּעַמִי is] as Onkelos translates it: “You are oppressing My people.” It (מִסְתּוֹלֵל) has the same root as מְסִלָה, which is translated by Onkelos as: “a well-worn path.” Chalchier in Old French — a trodden path. I have already explained at the end of Parshas Miketz that any word whose first root letter is סָמֶ"ךְ and intends to convey the הִתְפָּעֵל conjugation one places the prefix letter ת' in the middle of the root letters as in this case (מִסְתּוֹלֵל) and for example וְיִסְתַּבֵּל הֶחָגָב — “the grasshopper will drag itself,” יִסְתַּבֵּל having the root סָבֹל — carry a load, [or] כִּי תִשְׂתָּרֵר עָלֵינוּ — “that you would make yourself our ruler” תִשְׂתָּרֵר having the root of שַׂר וְנָגִיד — “a prince and a nobleman,” [or] מִשְׂתַּכַּל הֲוֵית — “I was reflecting.”

9:18

הִנְנִי מַמְטִיר כָּעֵת מָחָר בָּרָד כָּבֵד מְאֹד אֲשֶׁר לֹא־הָיָה כָמֹהוּ בְּמִצְרַיִם לְמִן־הַיּוֹם הִוָּסְדָהֿ וְעַד־עָֽתָּה׃

Tomorrow at this time, I will cause it to rain a tremendously heavy hail. There was never anything like it in Egypt, from the time it was founded until now.

Tomorrow at this time, I will cause it to rain a tremendously heavy hail. There was never anything like it in Egypt, from the time it was founded until now.

Rashi

כעת מחר. כעת הזאת למחר, שרט לו שריטה בכותל, למחר כשתגיע חמה לכאן, ירד הברד:

Tomorrow at this time. [כָּעֵת מָחָר means] at the same time tomorrow. He scratched a mark in the wall [and said,] “Tomorrow when the sun reaches here the hail will come down.

הוסדה. שנתיסדה. וכל תיבה שתחלת יסודה יו"ד, כגון יסד, ילד, ידע, יסר, כשהיא מתפעלת, תבא הוי"ו במקום היו"ד, כמו הוסדה, הִוָּלְדָהּ (הושע ב, ה), וַיִּוָּדַע (אסתר ב, כב), וַיִּוָּלֵד לְיֹוסֵף (בראשית מו, כ), בִּדְבָרִים לֹא יִוָּסֶר עָבֶד (משלי כט, יט):

It was founded. [הִוָּסְדָה means] that it was founded. Every word whose first root-letter is a י', e.g., יָסֹד (founded), יָלֹד (gave birth) יָדֹעַ (knew), יָסֹר (removed), when it is put in the הִתְפָּעֵל form the letter ו' replaces the letter י', as in הִוָּסְדָה or הִוָּלְדָה וַיִּוָּדַע — “it became known,” [or] וַיִּוָּלֵד לְיוֹסֵף — “There was born to Yoseif,” [or] “With words will a servant לֹא יִוָּסֶר — not be rebuked.”

9:19

וְעַתָּה שְׁלַח הָעֵז אֶֽת־מִקְנְךָ וְאֵת כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר לְךָ בַּשָּׂדֶה כׇּל־הָאָדָם וְהַבְּהֵמָה אֲשֶֽׁר־יִמָּצֵא בַשָּׂדֶה וְלֹא יֵֽאָסֵף הַבַּיְתָה וְיָרַד עֲלֵהֶם הַבָּרָד וָמֵֽתוּ׃

Now send [word] and gather [shelter] your livestock and all that you have in the field. Any man or beast that is found [remains] in the field and will not be brought into the house [indoors]—the hail will descend upon them and they will die.”

Now send [word] and gather [shelter] your livestock and all that you have in the field. Any man or beast that is found [remains] in the field and will not be brought into the house [indoors]—the hail will descend upon them and they will die.”

Rashi

שלח העז. כתרגומו שלח כְּנוֹשׁ, וכן ישְׁבֵי הַגֵּבִים הֵעִיזוּ (ישעיה י, לא), הָעִיזוּ בְּנֵי בִנְיָמִן (ירמיה ו, א):

Send [word] and gather. שְׁלַח הָעֵז is as Onkelos translates it: “send [word] and gather.” Similarly: “The inhabitants of Geibim (הֵעִיזוּ) gathered,” [or:] “(הֵעִיזוּ) gather! children of Binyamin.”

ולא יאסף הביתה. לשון הכנסה היא:

And will not be brought into the house. יֵאָסֵף is a term meaning gathering in.

9:20

הַיָּרֵא אֶת־דְּבַר יְהֹוָה מֵֽעַבְדֵי פַּרְעֹה הֵנִיס אֶת־עֲבָדָיו וְאֶת־מִקְנֵהוּ אֶל־הַבָּתִּֽים׃

He that feared the word of Adonoy among Pharaoh’s servants, made his servants and his livestock flee into the houses [indoors].

He that feared the word of Adonoy among Pharaoh’s servants, made his servants and his livestock flee into the houses [indoors].

Rashi

הניס. הבריח, לשון וינס:

Made flee. הֵנִיס means caused to flee from the word “וַיָּנָס .”

9:21

וַאֲשֶׁר לֹא־שָׂם לִבּוֹ אֶל־דְּבַר יְהֹוָה וַֽיַּעֲזֹב אֶת־עֲבָדָיו וְאֶת־מִקְנֵהוּ בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃ {פ}

But he whose heart did not heed the word of Adonoy, left his servants and his livestock in the field.

But he whose heart did not heed the word of Adonoy, left his servants and his livestock in the field.

9:22

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה נְטֵה אֶת־יָֽדְךָ עַל־הַשָּׁמַיִם וִיהִי בָרָד בְּכׇל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם עַל־הָאָדָם וְעַל־הַבְּהֵמָה וְעַל כׇּל־עֵשֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶה בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃

Adonoy said to Moshe, “Extend your hand toward the heavens, and there will be hail throughout the land of Egypt—on man and on beast, and upon all the vegetation in the land of Egypt.”

Adonoy said to Moshe, “Extend your hand toward the heavens, and there will be hail throughout the land of Egypt—on man and on beast, and upon all the vegetation in the land of Egypt.”

Rashi

על השמים. לצד השמים. ומדרש אגדה, הגביהו הקב"ה למשה למעלה מן השמים:

Toward the Heavens. [עַל הַשָּׁמַיִם means] toward the heavens. But the midrashic explanation is: Hashem lifted Moshe over the heavens.

9:23

וַיֵּט מֹשֶׁה אֶת־מַטֵּהוּ עַל־הַשָּׁמַיִם וַֽיהֹוָה נָתַן קֹלֹת וּבָרָד וַתִּהֲלַךְ אֵשׁ אָרְצָה וַיַּמְטֵר יְהֹוָה בָּרָד עַל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃

Moshe extended his rod toward the heavens, and Adonoy sent thunder and hail, and fire came streaming down upon the earth. Adonoy caused it to rain hail on the land of Egypt.

Moshe extended his rod toward the heavens, and Adonoy sent thunder and hail, and fire came streaming down upon the earth. Adonoy caused it to rain hail on the land of Egypt.

9:24

וַיְהִי בָרָד וְאֵשׁ מִתְלַקַּחַת בְּתוֹךְ הַבָּרָד כָּבֵד מְאֹד אֲשֶׁר לֹֽא־הָיָה כָמֹהוּ בְּכׇל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם מֵאָז הָיְתָה לְגֽוֹי׃

There was hail and fire [lightning] flashing among the hailstones. It was an extremely heavy [downfall]. There had never been anything like it in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.

There was hail and fire [lightning] flashing among the hailstones. It was an extremely heavy [downfall]. There had never been anything like it in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.

Rashi

מתלקחת בתוך הברד. נס בתוך נס, האש והברד מעורבין, והברד מים הוא, ולעשות רצון קונם עשו שלום ביניהם (שמו"ר יב, ו):

Flashing Among the Hailstones. [This was] a miracle within a miracle; the fire and the hail intermingled, yet the hail is water! And to do the bidding of their Creator they made peace between themselves.

9:25

וַיַּךְ הַבָּרָד בְּכׇל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם אֵת כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר בַּשָּׂדֶה מֵאָדָם וְעַד־בְּהֵמָה וְאֵת כׇּל־עֵשֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶה הִכָּה הַבָּרָד וְאֶת־כׇּל־עֵץ הַשָּׂדֶה שִׁבֵּֽר׃

The hail struck throughout the whole land of Egypt, [killing] all that was in the field [outdoors]—both man and beast. All the vegetation in the fields was struck by the hail and every tree in the fields was shattered.

The hail struck throughout the whole land of Egypt, [killing] all that was in the field [outdoors]—both man and beast. All the vegetation in the fields was struck by the hail and every tree in the fields was shattered.

9:26

רַק בְּאֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן אֲשֶׁר־שָׁם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא הָיָה בָּרָֽד׃

Only in the land of Goshen where the B’nei Yisrael were, there was no hail.

Only in the land of Goshen where the B’nei Yisrael were, there was no hail.

9:27

וַיִּשְׁלַח פַּרְעֹה וַיִּקְרָא לְמֹשֶׁה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹן וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם חָטָאתִי הַפָּעַם יְהֹוָה הַצַּדִּיק וַאֲנִי וְעַמִּי הָרְשָׁעִֽים׃

Pharaoh sent, and called for Moshe and Aharon, and he said to them, “This time I have sinned. Adonoy is the righteous One and I and my people are the sinners.

Pharaoh sent, and called for Moshe and Aharon, and he said to them, “This time I have sinned. Adonoy is the righteous One and I and my people are the sinners.

9:28

הַעְתִּירוּ אֶל־יְהֹוָה וְרַב מִֽהְיֹת קֹלֹת אֱלֹהִים וּבָרָד וַאֲשַׁלְּחָה אֶתְכֶם וְלֹא תֹסִפוּן לַעֲמֹֽד׃

Pray to Adonoy There has been enough of God’s thunder and hail. I will send you out without further delay.”

Pray to Adonoy There has been enough of God’s thunder and hail. I will send you out without further delay.”

Rashi

ורב. די לו במה שהוריד כבר:

Enough. [I.e.] let it be sufficient for Him with what He has already brought down.

9:29

וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו מֹשֶׁה כְּצֵאתִי אֶת־הָעִיר אֶפְרֹשׂ אֶת־כַּפַּי אֶל־יְהֹוָה הַקֹּלוֹת יֶחְדָּלוּן וְהַבָּרָד לֹא יִֽהְיֶה־עוֹד לְמַעַן תֵּדַע כִּי לַיהֹוָה הָאָֽרֶץ׃

Moshe said to him, “When I leave the city, I will spread my hands to Adonoy. The thunder will cease and their will be no more hail, so that you will know that the earth belongs to Adonoy.

Moshe said to him, “When I leave the city, I will spread my hands to Adonoy. The thunder will cease and their will be no more hail, so that you will know that the earth belongs to Adonoy.

Rashi

כצאתי את העיר. מן העיר, אבל בתוך העיר לא התפלל, לפי שהיתה מלאה גלולים (שם יב, ז):

When I leave the city. [אֶת הָעִיר has the same meaning as] מִן הָעִיר — from the city. But within the city he would not pray because it was full of idols.

9:30

וְאַתָּה וַעֲבָדֶיךָ יָדַעְתִּי כִּי טֶרֶם תִּֽירְאוּן מִפְּנֵי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהִֽים׃

But regarding you and your servants, I know that you are not yet in fear of Adonoy, Elohim.

But regarding you and your servants, I know that you are not yet in fear of Adonoy, Elohim.

Rashi

טרם תיראון. עדיין לא תיראון. וכן כל טרם שבמקרא עדיין לא הוא, ואינו לשון קודם, כמו טֶרֶם יִשְׁכָּבוּ (בראשית יט, ד), עד לא שכיבו. טֶרֶם יִצְמָח (שם ב, ה), עד לא צמח. אף זה כן הוא, ידעתי כי עדיין אינכם יראים, ומשתהיה הרוחה תעמדו בקלקולכם:

You are not yet in fear. [טֶרֶם תִּירְאוּן is translated:] “You are not yet in fear.” Similarly, wherever טֶרֶם appears in Scripture it has the meaning: not yet, and does not mean: before; as in טֶרֶם יִשְׁכָּבוּ — [which Onkelos translates] “They did not yet lie down,” [or: טֶרֶם יִצְמָּח — [which Onkelos translates:] “did not yet sprout. This one (i.e., טֶרֶם תִּירְאוּן), too, has a similar meaning: “I know that you [and your servants] do not yet fear, and that the moment there will be relief you will continue with your corruption.

9:31

וְהַפִּשְׁתָּה וְהַשְּׂעֹרָה נֻכָּתָה כִּי הַשְּׂעֹרָה אָבִיב וְהַפִּשְׁתָּה גִּבְעֹֽל׃

The flax and barley have been broken since the barley was ripe, and the flax had formed into stalks.

The flax and barley have been broken since the barley was ripe, and the flax had formed into stalks.

Rashi

והפשתה והשעורה נכתה. נשברה, לשון פרעה נכה, נכאים, וכן לא נכו, ולא יתכן לפרשו לשון הכאה, שאין נו"ן במקום ה"א לפרש נכתה כמו הוכתה, נכו כמו הכו, אלא הנו"ן שורש בתיבה, והרי הוא מגזרת וְשֻׁפּוּ עַצְמֹתָיו (איוב לג, כא):

The flax and barley have been broken. [נֻכָּתָה meaning] has been broken, from the same term as פַּרְעֹה נְכֹה — the lame Pharaoh; [or] נְכָאִים — broken. Similarly לֹא נֻכּוּ [means “were not broken”]. It would not be correct to explain it as a term meaning “striking,” for the letter נ' cannot replace the letter ה' so that נוּכָּתָה can be explained as הוּכָּתָה, or נֻכּוּ to be the same as הוּכּוּ . But rather, the נ' is part of the word-root and is [grammatically] the same form as וְשֻׁפוּ עַצְמוֹתָיו — “his bones were bared.”

כי השערה אביב. כבר ביכרה ועומדת בְּקָשְׁיָהּ, ונשתברו ונפלו, וכן הפשתה גדלה כבר והוקשה לעמוד בגבעוליה:

Since the barley was ripe. [Meaning] it has already ripened and is standing in its stalks and they [therefore] broke and fell. So, too, the flax has already become full-grown and has hardened so as to stand on its stems.

השעורה אביב. עמדה באביה, לשון בְּאִבֵּי הַנָּחַל (שיר השירים ו, יא):

The barley was ripe. [אָבִיב meaning] stood in its stalks, from the same term as: בְּאִבֵּי הַנָּחַל — “the stalks of the stream.”

9:32

וְהַחִטָּה וְהַכֻּסֶּמֶת לֹא נֻכּוּ כִּי אֲפִילֹת הֵֽנָּה׃

But neither the wheat or the spelt were broken since they are late in sprouting.”

But neither the wheat or the spelt were broken since they are late in sprouting.”

Rashi

כי אפילת הנה. מאוחרות, ועדיין היו רכות, ויכולות לעמוד בפני קשה, ואע"פ שנאמר ואת כל עשב השדה הכה הברד, יש לפרש פשוטו של מקרא בעשבים העומדים בקלחם הראויים ללקות בברד. ומדרש רבי תנחומא (וארא טז) יש מרבותינו שנחלקו על זאת, ודרשו כי אפילות, פלאי פלאות נעשו להם שלא לקו:

Since they are late in sprouting. [אֲפִילֹת meaning] late, and were still soft [and pliable] and were able to stand [even] in the face of [a] hard [blow]. Although it has been stated: “All the vegetation in the fields was struck by the hail” one can explain the plain meaning of the verse as referring to the vegetation that stood in their stalks (i.e., were ripe), and were vulnerable to be broken by the hail. [However], in Midrash Rabbi Tanchuma, some Sages dispute this and explain כִּי אֲפִילֹת [as meaning] a wonder of wonders (פֶּלֶא =wonder) occurred that they were not struck.

9:33

וַיֵּצֵא מֹשֶׁה מֵעִם פַּרְעֹה אֶת־הָעִיר וַיִּפְרֹשׂ כַּפָּיו אֶל־יְהֹוָה וַֽיַּחְדְּלוּ הַקֹּלוֹת וְהַבָּרָד וּמָטָר לֹא־נִתַּךְ אָֽרְצָה׃

Moshe [then] left Pharaoh’s presence, and left the city. He spread his hands [in prayer] to Adonoy. The thunder ceased, and the hail and the rain did not reach the earth.

Moshe [then] left Pharaoh’s presence, and left the city. He spread his hands [in prayer] to Adonoy. The thunder ceased, and the hail and the rain did not reach the earth.

Rashi

לא נתך. לא הגיע, ואף אותן שהיו באויר לא הגיעו לארץ, ודומה לו וַתִּתַּךְ עָלֵינוּ הָאָלָה וְהַשְׁבֻעָה (דניאל ט, יא) דעזרא, ותגיע עלינו. ומנחם בן סרוק חברו בחלק כְּהִתּוּך כֶּסֶף (יחזקאל כב, כב), לשון יציקת מתכת, ורואה אני את דבריו כתרגומו וַיִצֹק, וְאַתֵּיךְ. לָצֶקֶת, לְאַתָּכָא. אף זה לא נתך לארץ, לא הוצק לארץ:

Did not reach. [לֹא נִתַּךְ meaning] did not reach. Even those that were already in the air [never] reached the ground. Similar to this is: “וַתִּתַּךְ עָלֵינוּ the curse and the oath” in the Book of Daniel [וְתַּגִּיעַ עָלֵינוּ meaning:] it reached us. Menachem ben Saruk classified it in the category of כְּהִתּוּךְ כֶּסֶף meaning: the pouring (melting) of metal. I agree with his opinion, as Onkelos translates “וַיִּצֹק as וְאַתִּיךְ [and] “לָצֶקֶת” לְאַתָּכָא — to cast. So, too, לֹא נִתַּךְ לָאָרֶץ [has the meaning:] [The hail] was not poured to the ground.

9:34

וַיַּרְא פַּרְעֹה כִּֽי־חָדַל הַמָּטָר וְהַבָּרָד וְהַקֹּלֹת וַיֹּסֶף לַחֲטֹא וַיַּכְבֵּד לִבּוֹ הוּא וַעֲבָדָֽיו׃

[When] Pharaoh saw that the rain, and the hail and the thunder ceased, he continued his sin[ful ways]. He and his servants hardened their hearts.

[When] Pharaoh saw that the rain, and the hail and the thunder ceased, he continued his sin[ful ways]. He and his servants hardened their hearts.

9:35

וַיֶּֽחֱזַק לֵב פַּרְעֹה וְלֹא שִׁלַּח אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר יְהֹוָה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ {פ}

Pharaoh’s heart was strengthened, and he did not send the B’nei Yisrael out. This was just as Adonoy had spoken through Moshe.

Pharaoh’s heart was strengthened, and he did not send the B’nei Yisrael out. This was just as Adonoy had spoken through Moshe.

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

Where next