Shemot
Tetzaveh, Aliyah 7 תצוה, שביעי
Part of: TetzavehTetzaveh, Aliyah 7Chapter 30
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Shemot 30
וְעָשִׂיתָ מִזְבֵּחַ מִקְטַר קְטֹרֶת עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים תַּעֲשֶׂה אֹתֽוֹ׃
You shall make an altar to burn incense. Make it out of Acacia wood.
You shall make an altar to burn incense. Make it out of Acacia wood.
Rashi
אַמָּה אׇרְכּוֹ וְאַמָּה רׇחְבּוֹ רָבוּעַ יִהְיֶה וְאַמָּתַיִם קֹמָתוֹ מִמֶּנּוּ קַרְנֹתָֽיו׃
It shall be one amoh long and one amoh wide, it shall be a square, and two amohs high. Its horn-like elevations shall be of one piece with it.
It shall be one amoh long and one amoh wide, it shall be a square, and two amohs high. Its horn-like elevations shall be of one piece with it.
וְצִפִּיתָ אֹתוֹ זָהָב טָהוֹר אֶת־גַּגּוֹ וְאֶת־קִירֹתָיו סָבִיב וְאֶת־קַרְנֹתָיו וְעָשִׂיתָ לּוֹ זֵר זָהָב סָבִֽיב׃
You shall overlay it with pure gold, on its top, its walls all around, and its horn-like elevations, and make a gold crown-like rim all around it.
You shall overlay it with pure gold, on its top, its walls all around, and its horn-like elevations, and make a gold crown-like rim all around it.
Rashi
את גגו. זה היה לו גג, אבל מזבח העולה לא היה לו גג, אלא ממלאים חללו אדמה בכל חנייתם:
Its top. This [altar] had a top whereas the altar of the burnt-offering had no top, but its hollow was filled with earth in all their encampments.
זר זהב. סימן הוא לכתר כהונה:
A gold crown-like rim. This is symbolic of the crown of priesthood.
וּשְׁתֵּי טַבְּעֹת זָהָב תַּֽעֲשֶׂה־לּוֹ ׀ מִתַּחַת לְזֵרוֹ עַל שְׁתֵּי צַלְעֹתָיו תַּעֲשֶׂה עַל־שְׁנֵי צִדָּיו וְהָיָה לְבָתִּים לְבַדִּים לָשֵׂאת אֹתוֹ בָּהֵֽמָּה׃
Make two gold rings for it under its crown-like rim, on two of its corners. Make them on its two opposite sides. They will house the poles with which it is carried.
Make two gold rings for it under its crown-like rim, on two of its corners. Make them on its two opposite sides. They will house the poles with which it is carried.
Rashi
צלעותיו. כאן הוא לשון זויות כתרגומו, לפי שנאמר על שני צדיו, על שתי זויותיו שבשני צדיו:
צַלְעֹתָיו . Here it has the meaning of “corners” as Onkelos [also] translates it [זִוְיָתֵיה], since the verse [goes on to] state: “on its sides.” [The phrase therefore means:] “on its two corners which are at its two sides.A
והיה. מעשה הטבעות האלה:
(See illustration on page 205.) They (it) will be. [“It” refers to] the making of these rings.
לבתים לבדים. לכל בית תהיה הטבעת לבד:
To house the poles. The ring itself will be “the house.”
וְעָשִׂיתָ אֶת־הַבַּדִּים עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים וְצִפִּיתָ אֹתָם זָהָֽב׃
Make the poles out of acacia wood and overlay them with gold.
Make the poles out of acacia wood and overlay them with gold.
וְנָתַתָּה אֹתוֹ לִפְנֵי הַפָּרֹכֶת אֲשֶׁר עַל־אֲרֹן הָעֵדֻת לִפְנֵי הַכַּפֹּרֶת אֲשֶׁר עַל־הָעֵדֻת אֲשֶׁר אִוָּעֵד לְךָ שָֽׁמָּה׃
Place it in front of the paroches that is by the Ark of the Testimony, in front of the covering that is on the Testimony where I will meet with you there.
Place it in front of the paroches that is by the Ark of the Testimony, in front of the covering that is on the Testimony where I will meet with you there.
Rashi
לפני הפרכת. שמא תאמר משוך מכנגד הארון לצפון או לדרום, תלמוד לומר לפני הכפרת, מכוון כנגד הארון מבחוץ:
In front of the paroches. Lest you say that it should be somewhat drawn away from being exactly opposite the Ark, to the North or to the South; therefore the Torah says: “in front of the covering,” i.e., exactly opposite the Ark on the outside.
וְהִקְטִיר עָלָיו אַהֲרֹן קְטֹרֶת סַמִּים בַּבֹּקֶר בַּבֹּקֶר בְּהֵיטִיבוֹ אֶת־הַנֵּרֹת יַקְטִירֶֽנָּה׃
Aharon shall burn upon it incense of spices. Every morning when he cleans the lamps, he shall burn it.
Aharon shall burn upon it incense of spices. Every morning when he cleans the lamps, he shall burn it.
Rashi
בהיטיבו. לשון נקוי הבזיכין של המנורה מדשן הפתילות שנשרפו בלילה, והיה מטיבן בכל בקר ובקר:
When he cleans. [Meaning:] the cleaning of the cups of the menorah from the ashes of the wicks that burnt through the night and he cleaned them out every morning.
הנרות. לוצי"ש בלע"ז, וכן כל נרות האמורות במנורה, חוץ ממקום שנאמר שם העלאה, שהוא לשון הדלקה:
The lamps. Loces (lamps) in Old French. This is the meaning of נֵרוֹת whenever they are mentioned in connection with the menorah, except those places where it says any form of הַעֲלָאָה (to cause [the flame] to ascend) which is a term used for “lighting.”
וּבְהַעֲלֹת אַהֲרֹן אֶת־הַנֵּרֹת בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם יַקְטִירֶנָּה קְטֹרֶת תָּמִיד לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם׃
And when Aharon lights the lamps in the afternoon, he shall burn it. It is a continual incense -offering before Adonoy for your generations.
And when Aharon lights the lamps in the afternoon, he shall burn it. It is a continual incense -offering before Adonoy for your generations.
Rashi
ובהעלות. כשידליקם להעלות להבתן:
And when he lights. [I.e.] when he will light them so that their flame ascends.
יקטירנה. בכל יום, פרס מקטיר שחרית, ופרס מקטיר בין הערבים:
He shall burn it — every single day. He burns one pras in the morning and one pras in the afternoon.
לֹא־תַעֲלוּ עָלָיו קְטֹרֶת זָרָה וְעֹלָה וּמִנְחָה וְנֵסֶךְ לֹא תִסְּכוּ עָלָֽיו׃
Do not bring upon it strange [unauthorized] incense; neither burnt-offerings nor meal-offerings. You shall not pour a libation-offering upon it.
Do not bring upon it strange [unauthorized] incense; neither burnt-offerings nor meal-offerings. You shall not pour a libation-offering upon it.
Rashi
לא תעלו עליו. על מזבח זה:
Do not bring upon it. [I.e.] upon this altar.
קטרת זרה. שום קטורת של נדבה, כולן זרות לו חוץ מזו:
Strange incense. [I.e.] any incense that is a voluntary offering, they are all “strange” to it, except for this one.
ועולה ומנחה. ולא עולה ומנחה. עולה של בהמה ועוף, ומנחה היא של לחם:
Neither burnt offerings nor meal-offerings. [Meaning:] neither burnt-offering nor meal-offering. עוֹלָה is an animal or bird korbon whereas מִנְחָה is one of bread.
וְכִפֶּר אַהֲרֹן עַל־קַרְנֹתָיו אַחַת בַּשָּׁנָה מִדַּם חַטַּאת הַכִּפֻּרִים אַחַת בַּשָּׁנָה יְכַפֵּר עָלָיו לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם קֹֽדֶשׁ־קׇדָשִׁים הוּא לַיהֹוָֽה׃ {פ}
Aharon shall make atonement on its horn-like elevations once each year. With the blood of the sin-offering of atonement, he shall make atonement on it once each year for your generations. It is Holy of Holies to Adonoy.
Aharon shall make atonement on its horn-like elevations once each year. With the blood of the sin-offering of atonement, he shall make atonement on it once each year for your generations. It is Holy of Holies to Adonoy.
Rashi
וכפר אהרן. מתן דמים:
Aharon shall make atonement — by means of placing the blood.
אחת בשנה. ביום הכפורים, הוא שנאמר באחרי מות וְיָצָא אֶל הַמִּזְבֵּח אֲשֶׁר לִפְנֵי ה' וְכִפֶּר עָלָיו (ויקרא טז, יח):
Once each year — on Yom Kippur. This is what is referred to when is said in Parshas Acharei Mos: “He shall go out to the altar that is before God and bring about atonement upon it.”
חטאת הכפרים. הם פר ושעיר של יום הכפורים, המכפרים על טומאת מקדש וקדשיו:
The sin-offering of atonement. They are the bull and goat of Yom Kippur which atone for the uncleanness and the mikdosh and its holy things (korbonos).
קדש קדשים. המזבח מקודש לדברים הללו בלבד, ולא לעבודה אחרת:
Holy of Holies. The altar is sanctified exclusively for these things and for no other service.
מקטר קטורת. להעלות עליו קיטור עשן סמים:
To burn incense. [I.e.] to raise up on it burning smoke of incense.