Shemot
Tetzaveh תצוה
Part of: TetzavehTetzaveh, Aliyah 1Tetzaveh, Aliyah 2Tetzaveh, Aliyah 3Tetzaveh, Aliyah 4Tetzaveh, Aliyah 5Tetzaveh, Aliyah 6Tetzaveh, Aliyah 7Chapter 27Chapter 28Chapter 29Chapter 30Petuchah, Exodus 28:6Petuchah, Exodus 30:1Setumah, Exodus 27:20Setumah, Exodus 28:1Setumah, Exodus 28:13Setumah, Exodus 28:15Setumah, Exodus 28:31Setumah, Exodus 28:36Setumah, Exodus 29:1Setumah, Exodus 29:38
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Shemot 27
וְאַתָּה תְּצַוֶּה ׀ אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיִקְחוּ אֵלֶיךָ שֶׁמֶן זַיִת זָךְ כָּתִית לַמָּאוֹר לְהַעֲלֹת נֵר תָּמִֽיד׃
You shall command the B’nei Yisrael and have them bring you clear olive oil, [made from olives that were] crushed for lighting, to keep the lamp burning constantly.
You shall command the B’nei Yisrael and have them bring you clear olive oil, [made from olives that were] crushed for lighting, to keep the lamp burning constantly.
Rashi
כתית. הזיתים היה כותש במכתשת ואינו טוחנן בריחים, כדי שלא יהא בו שמרים, ואחר שהוציא טפה ראשונה, מכניסן לריחים וטוחנן, והשמן השני פסול למנורה וכשר למנחות, שנאמר כתית למאור, ולא כתית למנחות:
Crushed. He would crush the olives in a mortar and not grind them in a mill so that it would not contain sediment. After extracting the first droplet he would put them into a mill and grind them. This second oil is unfit for the menorah but may be used for menachos (meal-offerings) for it states: כָּתִית לַמָּאוֹר — “crushed for lighting,” but it need not be crushed for menachos.
להעלות נר תמיד. מדליק עד שתהא שלהבת עולה מאליה (שבת כא.):
To keep the lamp burning constantly. He must kindle it until the flame ascends on its own.
תמיד. כל לילה ולילה קרוי תמיד, כמו שאתה אומר עֹלַת תָּמִיד (במדבר כח, ו), ואינה אלא מיום ליום. וכן במנחת חביתין נאמר תמיד (ויקרא ו, יג), ואינה אלא מַחֲצִיתָהּ בַּבֹּקֶר וּמַחֲצִיתָהּ בָּעָרֶב, אבל תמיד האמור בלחם הפנים, משבת לשבת הוא:
Constantly. Each and every night may be referred to as תָּמִיד as you would say “עוֹלַת תָּמִיד — the constant korbon olah” though it is done only from day to day. Similarly, regarding the “flat-pan mincha,” it also states תָּמִיד yet half was done in the morning and half in the evening. But the תָּמִיד that is said of the show-bread was from Shabbos to Shabbos [without interruption].
בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד מִחוּץ לַפָּרֹכֶת אֲשֶׁר עַל־הָעֵדֻת יַעֲרֹךְ אֹתוֹ אַהֲרֹן וּבָנָיו מֵעֶרֶב עַד־בֹּקֶר לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה חֻקַּת עוֹלָם לְדֹרֹתָם מֵאֵת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ {ס}
In the Tent of Meeting, outside the paroches, which is before the Testimony, Aharon and his sons shall arrange it [for the lamp to burn] from evening to morning before Adonoy. This is an everlasting statute for their generations of the B’nei Yisrael.
In the Tent of Meeting, outside the paroches, which is before the Testimony, Aharon and his sons shall arrange it [for the lamp to burn] from evening to morning before Adonoy. This is an everlasting statute for their generations of the B’nei Yisrael.
Rashi
מערב עד בוקר. תן לה מדתה שתהא דולקת מערב ועד בוקר, ושיערו חכמים חצי לוג ללילי טבת הארוכין, וכן לכל הלילות, ואם יותר אין בכך כלום:
From evening to morning. [This means:] put into it the amount necessary for it to burn from evening to morning. The Sages estimated [that this amounted to] half a log for the long nights of Teives. The same [amount would be used] every night and if [oil] is left over, it does not matter.
Shemot 28
וְאַתָּה הַקְרֵב אֵלֶיךָ אֶת־אַהֲרֹן אָחִיךָ וְאֶת־בָּנָיו אִתּוֹ מִתּוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכַהֲנוֹ־לִי אַהֲרֹן נָדָב וַאֲבִיהוּא אֶלְעָזָר וְאִיתָמָר בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹֽן׃
And [now separate] and take unto you your brother, Aharon, and his sons with him, from among the B’nei Yisrael, to serve Me [as kohanim]: Aharon, Nadav, Avihu, Elazar, and Isamar, the sons of Aharon.
And [now separate] and take unto you your brother, Aharon, and his sons with him, from among the B’nei Yisrael, to serve Me [as kohanim]: Aharon, Nadav, Avihu, Elazar, and Isamar, the sons of Aharon.
Rashi
ואתה הקרב אליך. לאחר שתגמור מלאכת המשכן:
And take unto you — after the work of the mishkon is completed.
וְעָשִׂיתָ בִגְדֵי־קֹדֶשׁ לְאַהֲרֹן אָחִיךָ לְכָבוֹד וּלְתִפְאָֽרֶת׃
Make sacred garments for your brother, Aharon, for honor and splendor.
Make sacred garments for your brother, Aharon, for honor and splendor.
וְאַתָּה תְּדַבֵּר אֶל־כׇּל־חַכְמֵי־לֵב אֲשֶׁר מִלֵּאתִיו רוּחַ חׇכְמָה וְעָשׂוּ אֶת־בִּגְדֵי אַהֲרֹן לְקַדְּשׁוֹ לְכַהֲנוֹ־לִֽי׃
Speak to all who are wise in heart, whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom, and have them make Aharon’s garments, to sanctify him to serve Me [as kohein].
Speak to all who are wise in heart, whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom, and have them make Aharon’s garments, to sanctify him to serve Me [as kohein].
Rashi
לקדשו לכהנו לי. לקדשו להכניסו בכהונה על ידי הבגדים, שיהא כהן לי, ולשון כהונה שירות הוא, שנטריא"ה בלע"ז
To sanctify him to serve Me. לְקַדְּשׁוֹ means: to bring him into the service by means of the garments [לְכַהֲנוֹ לִי means:] so that he shall be a כֹּהֵן unto Me, the term כְּהוּנָה denoting “service,” serjentrie in Old French.
וְאֵלֶּה הַבְּגָדִים אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשׂוּ חֹשֶׁן וְאֵפוֹד וּמְעִיל וּכְתֹנֶת תַּשְׁבֵּץ מִצְנֶפֶת וְאַבְנֵט וְעָשׂוּ בִגְדֵי־קֹדֶשׁ לְאַהֲרֹן אָחִיךָ וּלְבָנָיו לְכַהֲנוֹ־לִֽי׃
These are the garments that they shall make: a breastplate, an eiphod, a robe, a checkered undershirt, a turban and a sash-belt. Have them make sacred garments for your brother Aharon, and for his sons, to serve Me [as kohanim].
These are the garments that they shall make: a breastplate, an eiphod, a robe, a checkered undershirt, a turban and a sash-belt. Have them make sacred garments for your brother Aharon, and for his sons, to serve Me [as kohanim].
Rashi
חושן. תכשיט כנגד הלב:
A breastplate. An ornament worn against the heart.
ואפוד. לא שמעתי (שהוא לבוש)ולא מצאתי בברייתא פירוש תבניתו, ולבי אומר לי שהוא חגור לו מאחוריו, רחבו כרוחב גב איש, כמין סינר שקורין פורצי"נט שחוגרות הַשָּׂרוֹת כשרוכבות על הסוסים, כך מעשהו מלמטה, שנאמר וְדָוִד חָגוּר אֵפֹוד בָּד (שמואל־ב ו, יד), למדנו שהאפוד חגורה היא. ואי אפשר לומר שאין בו אלא חגורה לבדה, שהרי נאמר וַיִּתֵּן עָלָיו אֶת הָאפֹד (ויקרא ח, ז) ואחר כך וַיַּחֲגֹּר אֹתֹו בְּחֵשֶׁב הָאֵפֹד (שם), ותרגם אונקלוס בְּהֶמְיַן אֵפוֹדָא, למדנו שהחשב הוא החגור, והאפוד שם תכשיט לבדו. ואי אפשר לומר שעל שם שתי הכתפות שבו הוא קרוי אפוד, שהרי נאמר שתי כתפות האפוד, למדנו שהאפוד שם לבד, והכתפות שם לבד, והחשב שם לבד. לכך אני אומר שעל שם הסינר של מטה קרוי אפוד, על שם שאופדו ומקשטו בו, כמו שנאמר ויאפד לו בו (שם), והחשב הוא חגור שלמעלה הימנו, והכתפות קבועות בו. ועוד אומר לי לבי, שיש ראיה שהוא מין לבוש, שתרגם יונתן ודוד חגור אפוד בד, כַּרְדוּט דְּבוּץ, ותרגם כמו כן מעילין, כַּרְדוּטִין, במעשה תמר אחות אבשלום, כִּי כֵן תִּלְבַּשְׁןָ בְּנֹות הַמֶּלֶךְ הַבְּתוּלֹת מְעִילִים (שמואל־ב יג, יח):
An eiphod. I have not heard, nor have I found in the Beraisa, any explanation of its form. But my heart tells me that it was something tied behind him, its width being the same as the width of the back of a man, like a sort of apron, called porceint in Old French, which the ladies of the nobility tie on when riding horses. It is thus made for the lower [part of the body]. [An indication that the eiphod was tied around is that] which is said: “Dovid was tied around with a linen eiphod” We learn from this that the eiphod is a kind of belt. It cannot be said that it consisted of a belt alone, for it says: “And he put the eiphod on it” and afterwards: “And he tied it on him with the חֵשֶׁב הָאֵפוֹד,” which Onkelos translates: “the belt of the eiphod.” We learn from this that the חֵשֶׁב is the belt and the eiphod is the name of an ornament itself. It [also] cannot be said that it is on account of its two shoulder straps that it is called eiphod for it says: “the two shoulder-straps of the eiphod.” [From this] we learn that the eiphod is a separate name and the כְּתֵפוֹת are a separate name and the חֵשֶׁב is a separate name. Therefore I say that it is on account of the apron on the lower [part of the body] that it is called eiphod (see page 433 for illustration) because it adorns him (אוֹפְדוֹ) and ornaments him as it is said: “and he adorned (וַיֶּאְפֹּד) him with it.” The חֵשֶׁב is a belt which is the upper part of it (i.e., the eiphod) and the shoulder-straps were fastened to it (the חֵשֶׁב). My heart also tells me that there is supporting evidence that it (the eiphod) is a kind of garment, for Yonasan translated [the words]: “And David tied on a linen eiphod” as “a כַּרְדּוּט made of linen” while he likewise translated מְעִילִים (robes) as כַּרְדּוּטִין in the narrative of Tamar, the sister of Avshalom [where it says]: “for thus were the virgin princesses dressed in מְעִילִים (robes).
ומעיל. הוא כמין חלוק, וכן הכתונת, אלא שהכתונת סמוך לבשרו, ומעיל קרוי חלוק העליון:
A robe. This was a type of shirt as was the כֻּתּוֹנֶת, but, [the difference being] that the כֻּתֹּנֶת was worn on the flesh while מְעִיל refers to the outer shirt.
תשבץ. עשויין משבצות לנוי, והמשבצות הם כמין גומות העשויות בתכשיטי זהב למושב קביעת אבנים טובות ומרגליות, כמו שנאמר באבני האפוד מֻסַּבֹּת מִשְׁבְּצֹות זָהָב, ובלע"ז קוראין אותו קשטונ"ש
Checkered. Made in the form of מִשְׁבְּצוֹת for beauty. The מִשְׁבְּצוֹת are a sort of indentations that are made in golden ornaments as settings for precious stones and pearls as it says of the stones of the eiphod: “they were surrounded by (מִשְׁבְּצוֹת) settings of gold.” In Old French they are called chastons.
מצנפת. כמין כיפת כובע שקורין קופי"א, שהרי במקום אחר קורא להם מגבעות, ומתרגמינן כּוֹבָעִין (עיין יומא כה.):
A turban. — a kind of a domed hat called coife in Old French, for elsewhere they are called מִגְבָּעוֹת which Onkelos translates for us as “hats.”
ואבנט. היא חגורה על הכתונת, והאפוד חגורה על המעיל, כמו שמצינו בסדר לבישתן, וַיִּתֵּן עָלָיו אֶת הַכֻּתֹּנֶת וַיַחֲגֹּר אֹתֹו בָּאַבְנֵט וַיַּלְבֵּשׁ אֹתֹו אֶת הַמְּעִיל וַיִּתֵּן עָלָיו אֶת הָאֵפֹד:
And a sash-belt. This is a belt worn on the inner-shirt, whereas the eiphod is worn over the outer-shirt, as we find at [the relating] of the order of their being put on: “He put the inner shirt on him and tied the sash-belt around him and dressed him with the outer-shirt and then he put the eiphod on him.”
בגדי קדש. מתרומה המקודשת לשמי יעשו אותם:
Sacred garments. From the terumah “that was sanctified for My Name must they be made.”
וְהֵם יִקְחוּ אֶת־הַזָּהָב וְאֶת־הַתְּכֵלֶת וְאֶת־הָֽאַרְגָּמָן וְאֶת־תּוֹלַעַת הַשָּׁנִי וְאֶת־הַשֵּֽׁשׁ׃ {פ}
They shall take the gold, the greenish-blue wool, the dark red wool the crimson wool, and the fine twined linen.
They shall take the gold, the greenish-blue wool, the dark red wool the crimson wool, and the fine twined linen.
Rashi
והם יקחו. אותם חכמי לב שיעשו הבגדים, יקבלו מן המתנדבים את הזהב ואת התכלת, לעשות מהן את הבגדים:
They shall take. Those “wise at heart” (v.3) who will make the garments shall receive from the donors the gold and the greenish-blue wool from which to make the garments.
וְעָשׂוּ אֶת־הָאֵפֹד זָהָב תְּכֵלֶת וְאַרְגָּמָן תּוֹלַעַת שָׁנִי וְשֵׁשׁ מׇשְׁזָר מַעֲשֵׂה חֹשֵֽׁב׃
They shall make the eiphod out of gold, greenish-blue wool, dark red wool, crimson wool, and fine twined linen, the work of a craftsman.
They shall make the eiphod out of gold, greenish-blue wool, dark red wool, crimson wool, and fine twined linen, the work of a craftsman.
Rashi
ועשו את האפוד. אם באתי לפרש מעשה האפוד והחשן על סדר המקראות, הרי פירושן פרקים וישגה הקורא בצרופן, לכך אני כותב מעשיהם כמות שהוא, למען ירוץ הקורא בו, ואחר כך אפרש על סדר המקראות. האפוד עשוי כמין סינר של נשים רוכבות סוסים, וחוגר אותו מאחוריו כנגד לבו למטה מאציליו, רחבו כמדת רוחב גבו של אדם ויותר, ומגיע עד עקביו, והחשב מחובר בראשו על פני רחבו מעשה אורג, ומאריך לכאן ולכאן כדי להקיף ולחגור בו, והכתפות מחוברות בחשב, אחת לימין ואחת לשמאל, מאחורי הכהן לשני קצות רחבו של סינר, וכשזוקפן עומדות לו על שני כתפיו, והן כמין שתי רצועות עשויות ממין האפוד, ארוכות כדי שיעור לזקפן אצל צוארו מכאן ומכאן, ונקפלות לפניו למטה מכתפיו מעט, ואבני השהם קבועות בהם, אחת על כתף ימין ואחת על כתף שמאל, והמשבצות נתונות בראשיהם לפני כתפיו, ושתי עבותות הזהב תחובות בשתי טבעות שבחשן בשני קצות רחבו העליון, אחת לימין ואחת לשמאל, ושני ראשי השרשרות תקועים במשבצות לימין, וכן שני ראשי השרשרות השמאלית תקועין במשבצות שבכתף שמאל, נמצא החשן תלוי במשבצות האפוד על לבו מלפניו, ועוד שתי טבעות בשני קצות החשן בתחתיתו, וכנגדם שתי טבעות בשתי כתפות האפוד מלמטה, בראשו התחתון המחובר בחשב, טבעות החשן אל מול טבעות האפוד שוכבים זה על זה, ומרכסן בפתיל תכלת תחוב בטבעות האפוד והחשן, שיהא תחתית החשן דבוק לחשב האפוד, ולא יהא נד ונבדל, הולך וחוזר:
They shall make the eiphod. If I attempt to explain the making of the eiphod and the breastplate in the order of the verses their explanation will be fragmented and the reader will make mistakes in putting the various parts together. Therefore I will [first] write how they were made so that the reader will easily run through it, and afterwards I will explain [it] in detail in the order of the verses. The eiphod was made as a kind of apron for women who ride horses.A (See illustrations on page 204.) He girds himself from behind, level with his heart, beneath his elbows. Its width is the same measurement as the width of the back of a man and somewhat more, reaching to his heels. The חֵשֶׁב (belt)B was attached at its (the eiphod’s) top along the entire width by the work of a weaver. It is extended [horizontally] beyond the eiphod in both directions so as to surround and gird [him] with it. The shoulder-strapsC were attached to the belt — one on the right and one on the left behind the kohein at the two ends of the width of the apron. When they were upright they stood (i.e., lay) on his two shoulders. They were like two straps made of the same material as the eiphod, long enough to place them near his neck, on both sides. They folded over in front of him slightly below his shoulders. The shoham-stonesD were set in them, one on the right shoulder and one on the left shoulder. The settingsE were put in their ends in front of his shoulders. The two golden braided chainsF were inserted into the two rings of the breastplate at the two ends along the upper width,G one on the right and one on the left. The two ends of the chain on the right are attached to the setting on the right.H Similarly the two ends of the chain on the left are attached to the setting on the left shoulder-strap. Consequently the breastplate hung from the settings of the eiphod over his heart in front. There were two additional ringsI at the two ends of the breastplate at its bottom and opposite them, two ringsJ [attached] to the two shoulder-straps of the eiphod at the bottom, at its lower end [in the back] where it is attached to the belt. The rings of the breastplate were opposite the rings of the eiphod lying on each other. He then joins them (the rings) with a thread of greenish-blue wool that is inserted through the rings of the eiphod and the breastplate, so that the bottom of the breastplate should lie against the belt of the eiphod and not move about and separate [from it] [thereby] moving to and fro.
זהב תכלת וארגמן ותולעת שני ושש משזר. חמשה מינים הללו שזורין בכל חוט וחוט. היו מרדדין את הזהב כמין טסים דקין, וקוצצין פתילים מהם, וטווין אותן חוט של זהב עם שש חוטין של תכלת, וחוט של זהב עם שש חוטין של ארגמן, וכן בתולעת שני, וכן בשש, שכל המינין חוטן כפול ששה וחוט של זהב עם כל אחד ואחד, ואחר כך שוזר את כולם כאחד, נמצא חוטן כפול כ"ח, וכן מפורש במס' יומא (עב.), ולמד מן המקרא הזה וירקעו את פחי הזהב וקצץ פתילים לעשות (את פתילי הזהב) בתוך התכלת ובתוך הארגמן וגו', למדנו שחוט של זהב שזור עם כל מין ומין:
Gold, greenish-blue wool, dark red wool. crimson wool, and fine twined linen. These five kinds were twined into every thread. They hammered out the gold into thin trays and cut threads from them (i.e., the trays) and then spun them — one gold thread with 6 threads of greenish-blue wool and one gold thread with 6 threads of dark red wool, and similarly with the crimson wool and similarly with the fine linen. For each kind was braided six-fold and there was a golden thread with each one. Then he would twine them all into one. Consequently the strands were twenty-eight fold. It is thus explained in Tractate Yoma and learned from the following verse: “They hammered out thin trays of gold and cut it into threads to work the golden threads into the greenish-blue wool and into the dark red wool, etc.” From this we derive that a gold thread was twined together with all the other kinds.
מעשה חושב. כבר פרשתי שהוא אריגת שתי קירות שאין צורת שני עבריהם דומות זו לזו:
The work of a craftsman. I have already explained earlier that this refers to weaving on two sides whereby the images on both sides are not similar to each other.
שְׁתֵּי כְתֵפֹת חֹֽבְרֹת יִֽהְיֶה־לּוֹ אֶל־שְׁנֵי קְצוֹתָיו וְחֻבָּֽר׃
It shall have two shoulder straps attached to it, they shall be attached at its two corners.
It shall have two shoulder straps attached to it, they shall be attached at its two corners.
Rashi
שתי כתפות וגו'. הסינר מלמטה, וחשב האפוד היא החגורה, וצמודה לו מלמעלה דוגמת סינר הנשים, ומגבו של כהן היו מחוברות בחשב שתי חתיכות כמין שתי רצועות רחבות, אחת כנגד כל כתף וכתף, וזוקפן על שתי כתפותיו עד שנקפלות לפניו כנגד החזה, ועל ידי חבורן לטבעות החשן נאחזין מלפניו כנגד לבו שאין נופלת, כמו שמפורש בענין, והיו זקופות והולכות כנגד כתפיו, ושתי אבני שהם קבועות בהן, אחת בכל אחת:
Two shoulder-straps etc. The apron was underneath [them]. The חֵשֶׁב of the eiphod is the belt, and it was attached to it at the top in the likeness of the apron of the women. On the back of the kohein there were attached to the belt two straps similar to two wide straps, one opposite each shoulder which he lifted onto both of his shoulders until they folded over in his front. By attaching them to the rings of the breast plate they were held in front of him over his heart so that they would not fall, as is explained where Scripture discusses them. They continued vertically over his shoulders where two shoham-stones were set one in each.
אל שני קצותיו. אל רחבו של אפוד, שלא היה רחבו אלא כנגד גבו של כהן, וגבהו עד כנגד האצילים שקורין קודי"ש, שנאמר לֹא יַחְגְּרוּ בַּיָּזַע (יחזקאל מד, יח), אין חוגרין במקום זיעה, לא למעלה מאציליהם ולא למטה ממתניהם, אלא כנגד אציליהם:
At its two corners — on the width of the eiphod for its width was equal only to his back. Its height [reached] till the elbows, called codes in Old French, for it states: לֹא יַחְגְּרוּ בַּיָּזַע [which means:] “They shall not be tied around in a place where one perspires,” i.e., not above their elbows and not below their loins, but opposite their elbows.
וחבר. האפוד עם אותן שתי כתפות האפוד יחבר אותם במחט למטה בחשב, ולא יארגם עמו, אלא אורגם לבד ואחר כך מחברם:
They shall be attached — the eiphod with those two shoulder-straps of the eiphod. He shall attach [sew] their bottoms to the belt with a needle, and not by weaving them together but, rather, they are woven separately and joined together afterwards.
וְחֵשֶׁב אֲפֻדָּתוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָלָיו כְּמַעֲשֵׂהוּ מִמֶּנּוּ יִהְיֶה זָהָב תְּכֵלֶת וְאַרְגָּמָן וְתוֹלַעַת שָׁנִי וְשֵׁשׁ מׇשְׁזָֽר׃
The eiphod’s belt, which is on it, shall be made in the same manner [as the eiphod]—it shall be woven with it. [with] gold, greenish blue wool, dark red wool, crimson wool and fine twined linen.
The eiphod’s belt, which is on it, shall be made in the same manner [as the eiphod]—it shall be woven with it. [with] gold, greenish blue wool, dark red wool, crimson wool and fine twined linen.
Rashi
וחשב אפדתו. וחגור שעל ידו, הוא מאפדו ומתקנהו לכהן ומקשטו:
The eiphod’s belt. [I.e.,] the belt by means of which it (the eiphod) enwraps him, and makes it fit the kohein properly and adorns him.
אשר עליו. למעלה בשפת הסינר היא החגורה:
Which is on it — on top at the edge of the apron. This refers to the belt.
כמעשהו. כאריגת הסינר מעשה חושב ומחמשת מינין, כך אריגת החשב מעשה חושב ומחמשת המינים:
Shall be made in the same manner — like the weaving of the apron, the work of a craftsman and of five kinds [of material] — so too the weaving of the belt [was] the work of a craftsman and of the five kinds [of material].
ממנו יהיה. עמו יהיה ארוג, ולא יארגנו לבד ויחברנו:
It shall be woven with it. [I.e.] it shall be woven together with it and not woven separately and then attached.
וְלָקַחְתָּ אֶת־שְׁתֵּי אַבְנֵי־שֹׁהַם וּפִתַּחְתָּ עֲלֵיהֶם שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
Take two shoham [onyx] stones and engrave on them the names of the B’nei Yisrael.
Take two shoham [onyx] stones and engrave on them the names of the B’nei Yisrael.
שִׁשָּׁה מִשְּׁמֹתָם עַל הָאֶבֶן הָאֶחָת וְאֶת־שְׁמוֹת הַשִּׁשָּׁה הַנּוֹתָרִים עַל־הָאֶבֶן הַשֵּׁנִית כְּתוֹלְדֹתָֽם׃
Six of their names on the one stone, and the remaining six names on the second stone, in the order of their birth.
Six of their names on the one stone, and the remaining six names on the second stone, in the order of their birth.
Rashi
כתולדותם. כסדר שנולדו, ראובן שמעון לוי יהודה דן ונפתלי, על האחת, ועל השניה, גד אשר יששכר זבולן יוסף, ובנימין מלא, שכן הוא כתוב במקום תולדותו, כ"ה אותיות בכל אחת ואחת:
In the order of their birth. [Meaning:] in the order that they were born: Reuvein, Shimon, Levi, Yehudah, Dan, Naftali on the one; and on the other one: Gad, Asher, Yissachar, Zevulun, Yoseif, Binyamin — [בִּנְיָמִין written] “full,” for that is the way it is written in the place where his birth is recorded [making it a total of] 25 letters in each one.
מַעֲשֵׂה חָרַשׁ אֶבֶן פִּתּוּחֵי חֹתָם תְּפַתַּח אֶת־שְׁתֵּי הָאֲבָנִים עַל־שְׁמֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֻסַבֹּת מִשְׁבְּצוֹת זָהָב תַּעֲשֶׂה אֹתָֽם׃
The work of a skilled stone engraver, like the engraving of a signet [ring] shall you engrave the two stones with the names of the B’nei Yisrael. In gold settings shall you place them.
The work of a skilled stone engraver, like the engraving of a signet [ring] shall you engrave the two stones with the names of the B’nei Yisrael. In gold settings shall you place them.
Rashi
מעשה חרש אבן. מעשה אומן של אבנים. חרש זה, דבוק הוא לתיבה שלאחריו, ולפיכך הוא נקוד פתח בסופו, וכן חָרַשׁ עֵצִים נָטָה קָו (ישעיה מד, יג), חרש של עצים. וכן חָרַשׁ בַּרְזֶל מַעֲצָד (שם יב), כל אלה דבוקים ופתוחים:
The work of a skilled stone engraver. [Meaning:] the work of one skilled with stones. The word חָרַשׁ here is in the construct with the word that follows it and is therefore vocalized with a patach at its end (i.e., the letter ר). Similarly “(חָרַשׁ עֵצִים) the woodworker stretched a line” meaning “the worker of wood.” Similarly “(חָרַשׁ בַּרְזֶל) the iron worker makes an axe.” These are [examples] of words in the construct and vocalized with a patach.
פתוחי חותם. כתרגומו כְּתַב מְפָרָשׁ כִּגְלֹף דְּעִזְקָא, חרוצות האותיות בתוכן, כמו שחורצין חותמי טבעות שהם לחתום אגרות, כתב ניכר ומפורש:
Like the engraving of a signet. As Onkelos translates it: “Explicit writing like the engraving of a signet.” The letters were engraved into them as signet-rings are engraved since they are used to seal letters with writing which is obvious and explicit.
על שמות. כמו בשמות:
With the names. [עַל שְׁמֹ֖ת is the] same here as בִּשְׁמוֹת .
מסבות משבצות. מוקפות האבנים במשבצות זהב, שעושה מושב האבן בזהב כמין גומא למדת האבן, ומשקעה במשבצות, נמצאת המשבצת סובבת את האבן סביב, ומחבר המשבצות בכתפות האפוד:
In gold settings. The stones were surrounded by gold settings. They should make as a setting of gold for each stone a sort of cavity the size of the stone, and then sink [place] it into the setting. Consequently the setting surrounds the stone. He then joined the settings to the shoulder-straps of the eiphod.
וְשַׂמְתָּ אֶת־שְׁתֵּי הָאֲבָנִים עַל כִּתְפֹת הָֽאֵפֹד אַבְנֵי זִכָּרֹן לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְנָשָׂא אַהֲרֹן אֶת־שְׁמוֹתָם לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה עַל־שְׁתֵּי כְתֵפָיו לְזִכָּרֹֽן׃ {ס}
Set the two stones on the shoulder straps of the eiphod as remembrance stones for the B’nei Yisrael. Aharon shall bear their names before Adonoy, on his two shoulders as a remembrance.
Set the two stones on the shoulder straps of the eiphod as remembrance stones for the B’nei Yisrael. Aharon shall bear their names before Adonoy, on his two shoulders as a remembrance.
Rashi
לזכרון. שיהא רואה הקב"ה את השבטים כתובים לפניו, ויזכור צדקתם:
As remembrance. So that God will see the tribes’ [names] written before Him and remember their righteousness.
וְעָשִׂיתָ מִשְׁבְּצֹת זָהָֽב׃
Make gold settings,
Make gold settings,
Rashi
ועשית משבצות. מיעוט משבצות שתים, ולא פירש לך עתה בפרשה זו אלא מקצת צרכן, ובפרשת החשן גומר לך פירושן:
Make settings. The minimum of [the plural] מִשְׁבְּצוֹת is two. Only part of their purpose is explained in this section. In the section dealing with the breastplate it completes their explanation for you.
וּשְׁתֵּי שַׁרְשְׁרֹת זָהָב טָהוֹר מִגְבָּלֹת תַּעֲשֶׂה אֹתָם מַעֲשֵׂה עֲבֹת וְנָתַתָּה אֶת־שַׁרְשְׁרֹת הָעֲבֹתֹת עַל־הַֽמִּשְׁבְּצֹֽת׃ {ס}
and two chains of pure gold, you will make them for the ends, a braided work. and you will fasten the braided chains to the settings.
and two chains of pure gold, you will make them for the ends, a braided work. and you will fasten the braided chains to the settings.
Rashi
שרשרות זהב. שלשלאות:
Two chains. [שַׁרְשְׁרוֹת has the same meaning as] שַׁלְשְׁלָאוֹת — “chains.”
מגבלות. לסוף גבול החשן תעשה אותם:
The ends. Make them for the end border of the breastplate.
מעשה עבות. מעשה קליעת חוטין, ולא מעשה נקבים וכפלים כאותן שעושין לבורות, אלא כאותן שעושין לְעַרְדַּסְקָאוֹת שקורין אינשינשייר"ש (רוכפאס) (ביצה כב:):
A braided work. A work of braided threads and not a worked of linked rings like those made for [drawing water from] wells, but, rather, like those made for for incense receptacles called encensiers in Old French].
ונתתה את שרשרות. של עבותות העשויות מעשה עבות על משבצות הללו. ולא זה הוא מקום צוואת עשייתן של שרשרות ולא צוואת קביעותן, ואין תעשה האמור כאן לשון צווי, ואין ונתתה האמור כאן לשון צווי, אלא לשון עתיד, כי בפרשת החשן חוזר ומצוהו על עשייתן ועל קביעותן, ולא נכתב כאן אלא להודיעך מקצת צורך המשבצות שצוה לעשות עם האפוד, וכתב לך זאת, לומר לך המשבצות הללו יוזקקו לך, לכשתעשה שרשרות מגבלות על החשן, תתנם על המשבצות הללו:
And you will fasten the chains — of braids; those made of braided work — to these settings. This is not the place of the command for making the chains nor the command to affix them. And the word תַּעֲשֶׂה that is used here is not an expression of command, nor is word וְנָתַתָּה that is used here an expression of command but, rather, the future tense, for in the section dealing with the breastplate He returns [to this subject] and commands him regarding their making and their being affixed. It is written here only to let you know some of the need for the settings which He commanded to make with the eiphod. He wrote this here to tell you [in effect]: “These settings will be needed by you — when you will make chains for the ends of the breastplate you will put them onto these settings.”
וְעָשִׂיתָ חֹשֶׁן מִשְׁפָּט מַעֲשֵׂה חֹשֵׁב כְּמַעֲשֵׂה אֵפֹד תַּעֲשֶׂנּוּ זָהָב תְּכֵלֶת וְאַרְגָּמָן וְתוֹלַעַת שָׁנִי וְשֵׁשׁ מׇשְׁזָר תַּעֲשֶׂה אֹתֽוֹ׃
Make a breastplate of judgment, the work of a craftsman. Make it in the same manner you made the eiphod. [Out of] gold, greenish-blue wool, dark red wool, crimson wool and fine twined linen, shall you make it.
Make a breastplate of judgment, the work of a craftsman. Make it in the same manner you made the eiphod. [Out of] gold, greenish-blue wool, dark red wool, crimson wool and fine twined linen, shall you make it.
Rashi
חושן משפט. שמכפר על קלקול הדין. דבר אחר משפט, שמברר דבריו והבטחתו אמת, דרישנמ"ט בלע"ז שהמשפט משמש ג' לשונות, דברי טענות בעלי הדין, וגמר הדין, ועונש הדין, אם עונש מיתה אם עונש מכות אם עונש ממון, וזה משמש לשון בירור דברים, שמפרש ומברר דבריו:
A breastplate of judgment. [so-called] because it atones for the perversion of justice. An alternate explanation: [it is called] מִשְׁפָּט because it makes its words clear and its promise is true, dereisnement in Old French. For מִשְׁפָּט is used in three senses: [1.] the arguments of the disputants, and [2.] the handing down of the verdict, and [3.] the pronouncing of the sentence — whether punishment of death, whether punishment by flogging, whether a monetary punishment. Here it is used in the sense of making its words clear for it explains and makes its words clear.
כמעשה אפוד. מעשה חושב ומחמשת מינין:
The same manner as you made the eiphod. [I.e.] the work of a craftsman and [made] of the five kinds [of material].
רָבוּעַ יִֽהְיֶה כָּפוּל זֶרֶת אׇרְכּוֹ וְזֶרֶת רׇחְבּֽוֹ׃
It shall be a doubled square, a span in its length and a span in its width.
It shall be a doubled square, a span in its length and a span in its width.
Rashi
זרת ארכו וזרת רחבו. כפול, ומוטל לו לפניו כנגד לבו, שנאמר וְהָיוּ עַל לֵב אַהֲרֹן, תלוי בכתפות האפוד הבאות מאחוריו על כתפיו, ונקפלות ויורדות לפניו מעט, והחשן תלוי בהן בשרשרות וטבעות, כמו שמפורש בענין:
A span in its length and a span in its width — doubled. It is placed on him in front over his heart, as it is said: “And they will be over Aharon’s heart.” It is hung from the shoulder-straps of the eiphod which come from behind him over his shoulders and fold over and come down slightly in the front and the breastplate hangs from them by means of chains and rings as is explained where they are discussed.
וּמִלֵּאתָ בוֹ מִלֻּאַת אֶבֶן אַרְבָּעָה טוּרִים אָבֶן טוּר אֹדֶם פִּטְדָה וּבָרֶקֶת הַטּוּר הָאֶחָֽד׃
Fill it [the breastplate settings] with fillings of [mounted] stones. Their shall be four rows of stones: An odem [ruby], pitda [topaz], and a barekes [emerald], [shall be placed on] the first row.
Fill it [the breastplate settings] with fillings of [mounted] stones. Their shall be four rows of stones: An odem [ruby], pitda [topaz], and a barekes [emerald], [shall be placed on] the first row.
Rashi
ומלאת בו. על שם שהאבנים ממלאות גומות המשבצות המתוקנות להן, קורא אותן בלשון מלואים:
Fill it. Because the stones filled the cavities of the settings which were prepared for them they are referred to by the term מִלּוּאִים (fillers).
וְהַטּוּר הַשֵּׁנִי נֹפֶךְ סַפִּיר וְיָהֲלֹֽם׃
The second row: nofech [carbuncle], sapphire, and yahalom [diamond].
The second row: nofech [carbuncle], sapphire, and yahalom [diamond].
וְהַטּוּר הַשְּׁלִישִׁי לֶשֶׁם שְׁבוֹ וְאַחְלָֽמָה׃
The third row: leshem [opal], shevo [agate], and achlomo [amethyst].
The third row: leshem [opal], shevo [agate], and achlomo [amethyst].
וְהַטּוּר הָרְבִיעִי תַּרְשִׁישׁ וְשֹׁהַם וְיָשְׁפֵה מְשֻׁבָּצִים זָהָב יִהְיוּ בְּמִלּוּאֹתָֽם׃
The fourth row: tarshish [chrysolite], shoham [onyx], and yoshfei [jasper]. [These stones] shall be placed in gold settings in their fullness.
The fourth row: tarshish [chrysolite], shoham [onyx], and yoshfei [jasper]. [These stones] shall be placed in gold settings in their fullness.
Rashi
משבצים זהב. יהיו הטורים במלואותם, מוקפים משבצות זהב בעומק שיעור שיתמלא בעובי האבן, זהו לשון במלואותם, כשיעור מלוי עביין של אבנים יהיה עומק המשבצות, לא פחות ולא יותר:
Placed in gold settings — shall the rows shall be בְּמִלּוּאֹתָם — “in their settings” — surrounded by gold settings to a depth sufficient to be filled by the thickness of the stone. This is the meaning of the term בְּמִלּוּאֹתָם: the amount needed to be filled by the thickness of the stones shall be the depth of the settings, neither less nor more.
וְהָאֲבָנִים תִּֽהְיֶיןָ עַל־שְׁמֹת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה עַל־שְׁמֹתָם פִּתּוּחֵי חוֹתָם אִישׁ עַל־שְׁמוֹ תִּֽהְיֶיןָ לִשְׁנֵי עָשָׂר שָֽׁבֶט׃
These stones shall have on them the names of the B’nei Yisrael, twelve of them by their names, each one’s name engraved as on a signet [ring], representing the twelve tribes.
These stones shall have on them the names of the B’nei Yisrael, twelve of them by their names, each one’s name engraved as on a signet [ring], representing the twelve tribes.
Rashi
איש על שמו. כסדר תולדותם סדר האבנים, אודם לראובן, פטדה לשמעון, וכן כלם:
Each one’s name. As was the order of their birth so was the order of the stones — the ruby for Reuvain, topaz for Shimon, and so on for all of them.
וְעָשִׂיתָ עַל־הַחֹשֶׁן שַֽׁרְשֹׁת גַּבְלֻת מַעֲשֵׂה עֲבֹת זָהָב טָהֽוֹר׃
Make [two] twisted end-chains for the breastplate, braided work of pure gold.
Make [two] twisted end-chains for the breastplate, braided work of pure gold.
Rashi
על החושן. בשביל החשן, לקבעם בטבעותיו, כמו שמפורש למטה בענין:
For the breastplate. [Meaning:] “for the breastplate” to fasten them by means of its rings as is explained below when it is discussed.
שרשת. לשון שרשי אילן, המאחיזין לאילן להאחז ולהתקע בארץ, אף אלו יהיו מאחיזין לחשן, שבהם יהיה תלוי באפוד, והן שתי שרשרות האמורות למעלה בענין המשבצות, ואף שרשרות פתר מנחם בן סרוק לשון שרשים, ואמר שהרי"ש יתירה, כמו מ"ם שבשלשום, ומ"ם שבריקם, ואיני רואה את דבריו, אלא שרשרת בלשון עברית כשלשלת בלשון משנה:
שַׁרְשֹׁת . From the same root as שָׁרְשֵׁי (roots) of a tree which hold fast to the tree so that it is held and fixed in the ground. These, too, shall hold the breastplate firm for from them will it hang from the eiphod. These are the two (שַׁרְשְׁרוֹת) chains mentioned above where the subject was the settings. Actually, the word שַׁרְשְׁרוֹת is also interpreted by Menachem ben Saruk as having a common root with שָׁרָשִׁים (roots) and he claims that the [second] ר' is superfluous just as the מ' of שִׁלְשׁוֹם (above 21, 36) and the מ' of רֵיקָם (Bereishis 31, 42). But I do not see his point-of-view. Rather, שַׁרְשֶׁרֶת, in Hebrew, is the same as שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת — “chain,” in Mishnaic Hebrew.
גבלת. הוא מגבלות האמור למעלה, שתתקעם בטבעות שיהיו בגבול החשן, וכל גבול לשון קצה, אשומי"ל בלע"ז
End. This is the מִגְבָּלוֹת mentioned above, [meaning:] that you shall insert them in the rings that will be at the edge of the breastplate. Wherever גְבוּל appears it means the end, asomeil in Old French.
מעשה עבות. מעשה קליעה:
Braided work. [Means:] braided work.
וְעָשִׂיתָ עַל־הַחֹשֶׁן שְׁתֵּי טַבְּעוֹת זָהָב וְנָתַתָּ אֶת־שְׁתֵּי הַטַּבָּעוֹת עַל־שְׁנֵי קְצוֹת הַחֹֽשֶׁן׃
Make two gold ring’s for the breastplate, and set the two rings on the two [upper] corners for the breastplate.
Make two gold ring’s for the breastplate, and set the two rings on the two [upper] corners for the breastplate.
Rashi
על החושן. לצורך החושן, כדי לקבעם בו. ולא יתכן לומר שתהא תחלת עשייתן עליו, שאם כן מה הוא שחוזר ואומר ונתת את שתי הטבעות, והלא כבר נתונים בו, היה לו לכתוב בתחלת המקרא, ועשית על קצות החשן שתי טבעות זהב, ואף בשרשרות צריך אתה לפתור כן:
For the breastplate. [Meaning:] for the breastplate, i.e., in order to affix them to it. It is not correct to suggest that from their inception they should be made on it, for if this were so, why would it repeat: [later in the verse] “and set the two rings...,” were they not already set in it?! Rather, we should have written at the beginning of the verse: “Make at the ends of the breastplate two gold rings.” You must also interpret it this way regarding the chains.
על שני קצות החושן. לשתי פאות שכנגד הצואר לימנית ולשמאלית הבאים מול כתפות האפוד:
On the two [upper] corners of the breastplate — the two ends that are towards the neck, on the right and on the left which come opposite the shoulder-straps of the eiphod.
וְנָתַתָּה אֶת־שְׁתֵּי עֲבֹתֹת הַזָּהָב עַל־שְׁתֵּי הַטַּבָּעֹת אֶל־קְצוֹת הַחֹֽשֶׁן׃
Place [attach] the two gold-braided chains on the two rings, at the corners of the breastplate.
Place [attach] the two gold-braided chains on the two rings, at the corners of the breastplate.
Rashi
ונתתה את שתי עבותות הזהב. הן הן שרשות גבלות הכתובות למעלה, ולא פירש מקום קבוען בחשן, עכשיו מפרש לך שיהא תוחב אותן בטבעות, ותדע לך שהן הן הראשונות, שהרי בפרשת אלה פקודי לא הוכפלו:
Place the two gold-braided chains. These are the very same end-chainsA (see illustration on page 204) which are mentioned above. But [there] He did not explain at which place on the breastplate to set them. So now He explains to you that they should be inserted in the rings.B You may use as evidence that these are the same as the first ones [mentioned], for in parshas Pikkudei (39, 15-19) they are not mentioned twice.
וְאֵת שְׁתֵּי קְצוֹת שְׁתֵּי הָעֲבֹתֹת תִּתֵּן עַל־שְׁתֵּי הַֽמִּשְׁבְּצוֹת וְנָתַתָּה עַל־כִּתְפוֹת הָאֵפֹד אֶל־מוּל פָּנָֽיו׃
The two ends of the two braided chains, you shall place [attach] to the two settings, and place them on the shoulder straps of the eiphod toward its face.
The two ends of the two braided chains, you shall place [attach] to the two settings, and place them on the shoulder straps of the eiphod toward its face.
Rashi
ואת שתי קצות. של שתי העבותות, ב' ראשיהם של כל אחת ואחת:
The two ends — of the two braided chains; [i.e.] the two ends of each one.
תתן על שתי המשבצות. הן הן הכתובות למעלה בין פרשת החשן ופרשת האפוד, ולא פירש את צרכן ואת מקומן, עכשיו מפרש שיתקע בהן ראשי העבותות התחובות בטבעות החשן לימין ולשמאל אצל הצואר, שני ראשי שרשרות הימנית תוקע במשבצות של ימין, וכן בשל שמאל שני ראשי שרשרות השמאלית:
You shall attach to the two settings.C These are the very same ones (i.e., settings) mentioned above between the section dealing with the breastplate and the section dealing with the eiphod. But there it did not explain their purpose or their place, whereas, now it explains that there should be inserted in them the ends of the braided chains which were inserted in the rings of the breastplateB on the right and on the left near the neck. The two ends of the right chain he attaches to the right setting and the same for the left [setting] [he attaches to it] the two ends of the left chain.
ונתתה. המשבצות על כתפות האפוד, אחת בזו ואחת בזו, נמצאו כתפות האפוד מחזיקין את החשן שלא יפול ובהן הוא תלוי, ועדיין שפת החשן התחתונה הולכת ובאה, ונוקשת על כריסו ואינה דבוקה לו יפה, לכך הוצרך עוד ב' טבעות לתחתיתו, כמו שמפרש והולך:
And place — the settings — on the shoulder-straps of the eiphodD — one [setting] in one [shoulder-strap] and the other [setting] in the other [shoulder-strap]. Consequently the shoulder-straps of the eiphod held the breastplate so that it not fall and it hangs from them. However, the lower end of the breastplate still swings back and forth against his stomach and is not attached well to him. Therefore two additional rings were necessary for its lower partE as it goes on to explain.
אל מול פניו. של אפוד, שלא יתן המשבצות בעבר הכתפות שכלפי המעיל, אלא בעבר העליון שכלפי החוץ, והוא קרוי מול פניו של אפוד, כי אותו עבר שאינו נראה אינו קרוי פנים:
Toward its face — of the eiphod, [meaning:] that he should not place the settings on the side of the shoulder-straps that is turned toward the robe, but rather on the upper side that is turned toward the outside. This [side] is called: “toward the front of the eiphod” because that side which is not visible is not called “the front.”
וְעָשִׂיתָ שְׁתֵּי טַבְּעוֹת זָהָב וְשַׂמְתָּ אֹתָם עַל־שְׁנֵי קְצוֹת הַחֹשֶׁן עַל־שְׂפָתוֹ אֲשֶׁר אֶל־עֵבֶר הָאֵפֹד*(בספרי ספרד ואשכנז הָאֵפוֹד) בָּֽיְתָה׃
Make two gold rings and set them on the two [lower] corners of the breastplate, on its edge that is on the inner side of the eiphod.
Make two gold rings and set them on the two [lower] corners of the breastplate, on its edge that is on the inner side of the eiphod.
Rashi
על שני קצות החושן. הן שתי פאותיו התחתונות לימין ולשמאל:
On the two [lower] corners of the breast-plate.E These are its two lower corners on the right and on the left.
על שפתו אשר אל עבר האפוד ביתה. הרי לך שני סימנין, האחד שיתנם בשני קצות של תחתיתו, שהוא כנגד האפוד, שעליונו אינו כנגד האפוד, שהרי סמוך לצואר הוא, והאפוד נתון על מתניו, ועוד נתן סימן, שלא יקבעם בעבר החושן שכלפי החוץ, אלא בעבר שכלפי פנים, שנאמר ביתה, ואותו העבר הוא לצד האפוד, שחשב האפוד חוגרו לכהן, ונקפל הסינר לפני הכהן על מתניו, וקצת כריסו מכאן ומכאן עד כנגד קצות החשן, וקצותיו שוכבין עליו:
On its edge that is on the inner side of the eiphod. So you have two indications [as to the placement of the rings]. One: that he should place them on the two corners of its lower part which is against the eiphod, for its upper part is not against the eiphod because it is near the neck, whereas the eiphod is [slightly] above the loins.F And it gives another indication: [viz.] that he should not set them (the lower rings) on the side of the breastplate which faces the outside but on the side that faces inward, for it says: בָּיְתָה — “on the inside.” That is the side that is towards the eiphod, since the belt of the eiphod girds the kohein and the apron (eiphod) folds around towards the front of the kohein upon his loins and part of stomach from both sidesG as high up as the [lower] corners of the breastplate, with its corners resting upon it (the eiphod).
וְעָשִׂיתָ שְׁתֵּי טַבְּעוֹת זָהָב וְנָתַתָּה אֹתָם עַל־שְׁתֵּי כִתְפוֹת הָאֵפוֹד מִלְּמַטָּה מִמּוּל פָּנָיו לְעֻמַּת מַחְבַּרְתּוֹ מִמַּעַל לְחֵשֶׁב הָאֵפֽוֹד׃
Make two gold rings and place them on the two shoulder straps of the eiphod, on the bottom, toward its face, a gainst where they are joined, above the eiphod’s belt.
Make two gold rings and place them on the two shoulder straps of the eiphod, on the bottom, toward its face, a gainst where they are joined, above the eiphod’s belt.
Rashi
על שתי כתפות האפוד מלמטה. שהמשבצות נתונות בראשי כתפות האפוד העליונים, הבאים על כתפיו כנגד גרונו ונקפלות ויורדות לפניו, והטבעות צוה ליתן בראשן השני שהוא מחובר לאפוד, והוא שנאמר לעומת מחברתו, סמוך למקום חבורן באפוד למעלה מן החגורה מעט, שהמחברת לעומת החגורה, ואלו נתונים מעט בגובה זקיפת הכתפות, הוא שנאמר ממעל לחשב האפוד, והן כנגד סוף החשן, ונותן פתיל תכלת באותן הטבעות ובטבעות החשן, ורוכסן באותו פתיל לימין ולשמאל, שלא יהא תחתית החשן הולך לפנים וחוזר לאחור ונוקש על כריסו, ונמצא מיושב על המעיל יפה:
On the two shoulder-straps of the eiphod on the bottom. Because the settings are put at the upper ends of the eiphod’s shoulder-straps which come up on his shoulders opposite his throat where they fold over and come down in front. He thus commanded to place the rings at their other end where it is attached to the eiphod. This is what is meant when it said: “against where they are joined,” [i.e.,] near the place where they are joined to the eiphod, slightly above the belt, [for the place] where they are joined is up against the belt. These [rings] were thus placed slightly above where the shoulder-straps [begin] to go up. This is what is meant when it said: “above the eiphod’s belt.” They (these rings in the back) were aligned opposite the [lower] end of the breastplate [in the front]. He inserted a thread of greenish-blue wool in these rings and in the rings of the breastplate and fastens them (the rings) with this thread on the right and on the left so that the bottom of the breastplate would not swing forward and back and hit against his stomach and as a result it lay well against the “robe.”
ממול פניו. בעבר החיצון:
Toward the front — on the outside.
וְיִרְכְּסוּ אֶת־הַחֹשֶׁן מִֽטַּבְּעֹתָו אֶל־טַבְּעֹת הָאֵפוֹד בִּפְתִיל תְּכֵלֶת לִֽהְיוֹת עַל־חֵשֶׁב הָאֵפוֹד וְלֹֽא־יִזַּח הַחֹשֶׁן מֵעַל הָאֵפֽוֹד׃
They shall bind the [lower] rings of the breastplate to the [lower] rings of the eiphod with a cord of greenish-blue wool, so that it [the breastplate] remains against the eiphod’s belt, so that the breastplate does not move from the eiphod.
They shall bind the [lower] rings of the breastplate to the [lower] rings of the eiphod with a cord of greenish-blue wool, so that it [the breastplate] remains against the eiphod’s belt, so that the breastplate does not move from the eiphod.
Rashi
וירכסו. לשון חבור, וכן מֵרֻכְסֵי אִישׁ (תהלים לא, כא), חבורי חברי רשעים. וכן וְהָרְכָסִים לְבִקְעָה (ישעיה מ, ד), הרים הסמוכים זה לזה, שאי אפשר לירד לגיא שביניהם אלא בקושי גדול, שמתוך סמיכתן הגיא זקופה ועמוקה, יהיו לבקעת מישור ונוחה לילך:
They shall bind. [וְיִרְכְּסוּ is a term] meaning attaching. Similarly: מֵרֻכְסֵי אִישׁ — “from the bands of men,” [meaning:] groups of wicked bands. So, too,: “וְהָרְכָסִים shall become a valley.” [וְהָרְכָסִים means:] mountains next to each other where it is impossible to descend to the valley between them except with great difficulty, because, as a result of their proximity, the valley is sheer and deep. These shall turn into a level plain where it will be easy to travel.
להיות על חשב האפוד. להיות החשן דבוק אל חשב האפוד:
So that it remains against the eiphod’s belt. I.e., so that the breastplate remains attached to the eiphod’s belt.
ולא יזח. לשון ניתוק, ולשון ערבי הוא כדברי דונש בן לברט:
So that it does not move. יִזַּח has the meaning of “breaking free.” It is an Arabic word according to the opinion of Dunash ben Labrat.
וְנָשָׂא אַהֲרֹן אֶת־שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּחֹשֶׁן הַמִּשְׁפָּט עַל־לִבּוֹ בְּבֹאוֹ אֶל־הַקֹּדֶשׁ לְזִכָּרֹן לִפְנֵֽי־יְהֹוָה תָּמִֽיד׃
Aharon will thus carry the names of the B’nei Yisrael on the breastplate of judgment, over his heart, when he comes into the Holy [sanctuary], as a constant remembrance before Adonoy.
Aharon will thus carry the names of the B’nei Yisrael on the breastplate of judgment, over his heart, when he comes into the Holy [sanctuary], as a constant remembrance before Adonoy.
וְנָתַתָּ אֶל־חֹשֶׁן הַמִּשְׁפָּט אֶת־הָאוּרִים וְאֶת־הַתֻּמִּים וְהָיוּ עַל־לֵב אַהֲרֹן בְּבֹאוֹ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה וְנָשָׂא אַהֲרֹן אֶת־מִשְׁפַּט בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל עַל־לִבּוֹ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה תָּמִֽיד׃ {ס}
Place in the breastplate the Urim and Tumim, and they will be over Aharon’s heart when he comes before Adonoy. Aharon will carry the judgment of the B’nei Yisrael over his heart, before Adonoy always.
Place in the breastplate the Urim and Tumim, and they will be over Aharon’s heart when he comes before Adonoy. Aharon will carry the judgment of the B’nei Yisrael over his heart, before Adonoy always.
Rashi
האורים ואת התמים. הוא כתב שם המפורש שהיה נותנו בתוך כפלי החשן, שעל ידו הוא מאיר דבריו ומתמם את דבריו (יומא עג:). ובמקדש שני היה החשן, שאי אפשר לכהן גדול להיות מחוסר בגדים, אבל אותו השם לא היה בתוכו, ועל שם אותו הכתב הוא קרוי משפט, שנאמר וְשָׁאַל לֹו בְּמִשְׁפַּט הָאוּרִים (במדבר כז, כא):
The Urim and Tumim. This is the inscription of the Explicit Name, which he placed into the folds of the breastplate, by means of which its words would (מֵאִיר) light up (וּמְתַמֵּם) and make its words clear. During the era of the second Beis Hamikdosh there was a breastplate, for a kohein godol cannot lack any of the garments, but that Name was not within it. It was on account of this inscription [that the breastplate] was called “judgment,” as it is said: “And he shall ask for him the judgment of the Urim.”
את משפט בני ישראל. דבר שהם נשפטים ונוכחים על ידו אם לעשות דבר או לא לעשות. ולפי המדרש אגדה, שהחשן מכפר על מעוותי הדין נקרא משפט, על שם סליחת המשפט:
The judgment of the B’nei Yisrael. Anything for which they required to be judged or admonished, whether or not to do a particular thing. According to the midrashic explanation that the breastplate atones for miscarriages of justice, it is called מִשְׁפָּט — “judgment” on account of its pardoning [sins dealing with] judgment.
וְעָשִׂיתָ אֶת־מְעִיל הָאֵפוֹד כְּלִיל תְּכֵֽלֶת׃
Make the robe of the eiphod completely out of greenish-blue wool.
Make the robe of the eiphod completely out of greenish-blue wool.
Rashi
את מעיל האפוד. שאפוד ניתן עליו לחגורה:
The robe of the eiphod. [So-called] because the eiphod was put on over it as a wrap around.
כליל תכלת. כולו תכלת, שאין מין אחר מעורב בו:
כְּלִיל תְּכֵלֶת . [Meaning:] completely of greenish-blue wool, with no other kind [of material] mixed into it.
וְהָיָה פִֽי־רֹאשׁוֹ בְּתוֹכוֹ שָׂפָה יִֽהְיֶה לְפִיו סָבִיב מַעֲשֵׂה אֹרֵג כְּפִי תַחְרָא יִֽהְיֶה־לּוֹ לֹא יִקָּרֵֽעַ׃
Its opening at the top shall be turned inward. Its opening shall have a border all around, [this border shall be] of woven work, like there is around the opening of a coat of armor, so that it will not be torn.
Its opening at the top shall be turned inward. Its opening shall have a border all around, [this border shall be] of woven work, like there is around the opening of a coat of armor, so that it will not be torn.
Rashi
והיה פי ראשו. פי המעיל בגבהו, הוא פתיחת בית הצואר:
Its opening at the top. [Meaning:] the opening of the robe at the top. which is the opening for the neck —
בתוכו. כתרגומו כָּפִיל לְגַוֵּיהּ, כפול לתוכו, להיות לו לשפה כפילתו, והיה מעשה אורג ולא במחט:
[shall be] turned inward. As Onkelos translates it: כְּפִיל לְגַוֵהּ, [which means:] “folded inward” so that its fold shall form a hem. It was done by a weaving process and not by needle (i.e., not sewn).
כפי תחרא. למדנו שהשריונים שלהם פיהם כפול לתוכן:
Like the opening in a coat of armor. We learn from this that their coats of armor had their openings folded inward.
לא יקרע. כדי שלא יקרע, והקורעו עובר בלאו, שזה ממנין לאוין שבתורה, וכן לֹא יִזַּח הַחשֶׁן, וכן לֹא יָסֻרוּ מִמֶּנוּ (שמות כה, טו), הנאמר בבדי הארון:
So that it will not be torn. Meaning: so that it will not be torn. If one tears it, he transgresses a negative precept, for this is one of the [365] negative precepts in the Torah. Similarly: “so that the breastplate does not move.” So, too: “they shall not be removed from them” which was said regarding the poles of the ark.
וְעָשִׂיתָ עַל־שׁוּלָיו רִמֹּנֵי תְּכֵלֶת וְאַרְגָּמָן וְתוֹלַעַת שָׁנִי עַל־שׁוּלָיו סָבִיב וּפַעֲמֹנֵי זָהָב בְּתוֹכָם סָבִֽיב׃
On its [lower] hem you shall make pomegranates of greenish-blue wool, dark red wool, and crimson wool—around its [lower] hem. There shall be gold bells between them, all around.
On its [lower] hem you shall make pomegranates of greenish-blue wool, dark red wool, and crimson wool—around its [lower] hem. There shall be gold bells between them, all around.
Rashi
רמוני. עגולים וחלולים היו, כמין רמונים העשויים כבצת תרנגולת:
Pomegranates. They were round and hollow-like pomegranates which are shaped like a hen’s egg.
ופעמוני זהב. זגין עם עִנְבָּלִין שבתוכם:
Gold bells. Bells with the clappers inside of them.
בתוכם סביב. ביניהם סביב, בין שני רמונים פעמון אחד, דבוק ותלוי בשולי המעיל:
Between them all around. [Meaning:] between them all around. Between two pomegranates, one bell was attached and hung at the bottom of the robe.
פַּעֲמֹן זָהָב וְרִמּוֹן פַּֽעֲמֹן זָהָב וְרִמּוֹן עַל־שׁוּלֵי הַמְּעִיל סָבִֽיב׃
A gold bell and a pomegranate, a gold bell and a pomegranate, on the [lower] hem of the robe all around.
A gold bell and a pomegranate, a gold bell and a pomegranate, on the [lower] hem of the robe all around.
Rashi
פעמון זהב ורמון וגו'. פעמון זהב ורמון אצלו:
A gold bell and a pomegranate, etc. A gold bell and next to it a pomegranate.
וְהָיָה עַֽל־אַהֲרֹן לְשָׁרֵת וְנִשְׁמַע קוֹלוֹ בְּבֹאוֹ אֶל־הַקֹּדֶשׁ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה וּבְצֵאתוֹ וְלֹא יָמֽוּת׃ {ס}
It shall be on Aharon when he performs [Divine] service. Its sound shall be heard when he comes into the Holy [sanctuary] in the presence of Adonoy, and when he comes out, so that he will not die.
It shall be on Aharon when he performs [Divine] service. Its sound shall be heard when he comes into the Holy [sanctuary] in the presence of Adonoy, and when he comes out, so that he will not die.
Rashi
ולא ימות. מכלל לאו אתה שומע הן, אם יהיו לו לא יתחייב מיתה, הא אם יכנס מחוסר אחד מן הבגדים הללו, חייב מיתה בידי שמים:
So that he will not die. From the negative you may infer the positive: if they will be on him he will not be subject to the death penalty, but if he enters while lacking one of these garments he will be subject to the death penalty at the hands of Heaven.
וְעָשִׂיתָ צִּיץ זָהָב טָהוֹר וּפִתַּחְתָּ עָלָיו פִּתּוּחֵי חֹתָם קֹדֶשׁ לַֽיהֹוָֽה׃
You shall make a diadem of pure gold, and engrave on it in the manner of a signet [ring], “Holy unto Adonoy.”
You shall make a diadem of pure gold, and engrave on it in the manner of a signet [ring], “Holy unto Adonoy.”
Rashi
ציץ. כמין טס של זהב היה, רוחב ב' אצבעות, מקיף על המצח מאוזן לאוזן (סוכה ה:):
A diadem. It was a sort of golden plate, having a width of two finger breadths, going around the forehead from ear to ear.A (See illustration on page 205.)
וְשַׂמְתָּ אֹתוֹ עַל־פְּתִיל תְּכֵלֶת וְהָיָה עַל־הַמִּצְנָפֶת אֶל־מוּל פְּנֵֽי־הַמִּצְנֶפֶת יִהְיֶֽה׃
Set [fasten] it on a greenish-blue wool cord, so that it will be on the turban. It shall be near the front of the turban.
Set [fasten] it on a greenish-blue wool cord, so that it will be on the turban. It shall be near the front of the turban.
Rashi
על פתיל תכלת. ובמקום אחר הוא אומר, וַיִּתְּנוּ עָלָיו פְּתִיל תְּכֵלֶת (שמות לט, לא), ועוד, כתיב כאן והיה על המצנפת, ולמטה הוא אומר והיה על מצח אהרן, ובשחיטת קדשים שנינו (זבחים יט.:), שערו היה נראה בין ציץ למצנפת ששם מניח תפלין, למדנו שהמצנפת למעלה בגובה הראש, ואינה עמוקה להכנס בה כל הראש עד המצח, והציץ מלמטה, והפתילים היו בנקבים, ותלויין בו בשני ראשים ובאמצעו, ששה בג' מקומות הללו, פתיל מלמעלה אחד מבחוץ ואחד מבפנים כנגדו, וקושר ראשי הפתילים מאחורי העורף שלשתן, ונמצאו בין אורך הטס ופתילי ראשיו מקיפין את הקדקד, ופתיל האמצעי שבראשו קשור עם ראשי השנים, והולך על פני רוחב הראש מלמעלה, נמצא עשוי כמין כובע, ועל פתיל האמצעי הוא אומר והיה על המצנפת, והיה נותן הציץ על ראשו כמין כובע על המצנפת, והפתיל האמצעי מחזיקו שאינו נופל, והטס תלוי כנגד מצחו, ונתקיימו כל המקראות, פתיל על הציץ, וציץ על הפתיל, ופתיל על המצנפת מלמעלה:
Set it on a greenish-blue cord. But elsewhere it states: “Put over it (the צִיץ) a greenish-blue cord.” Furthermore, here it is written: “So that it will be on the turban” but further on it states: “It shall be on Aharon’s forehead”! [To solve this dilemma we must refer to the gemara:] In the Tractate Shechitas Kodoshim we learned: his hair was visible between the diadem and the turban for it was there that he donned his tefillin. We learn from this that the turban was high up on the head and it was not deep enough for the entire head to fit into it [all the way down] to the forehead. The diadem was beneath [leaving a space between it and the turban]. The threads were [inserted] into holes hanging from it at both endsB and at its middle.C Six [threads] at these three places: a thread at the top, one on the outside [of the plate] and one on the inside opposite it. He tied the ends of the thread, all three of them at back of the neck.D Consequently between the length of the plate and the threads at its ends, his skull was surrounded. The middle thread which was on its top was tied with the ends of the [other] two and passed over the width (i.e., the crown) of his head. The result was that it was made like a hat. It is in reference to the middle thread that it says: “so that it will be on the turban.” He placed the diadem on his head as a sort of hat, over the turbanE with the middle thread holding it so that it should not fall. The plate hung against his forehead. All the verses have now been set right: a thread on the diadem and the diadem on the thread and a thread on top of the turban.
וְהָיָה עַל־מֵצַח אַהֲרֹן וְנָשָׂא אַהֲרֹן אֶת־עֲוֺן הַקֳּדָשִׁים אֲשֶׁר יַקְדִּישׁוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכׇֽל־מַתְּנֹת קׇדְשֵׁיהֶם וְהָיָה עַל־מִצְחוֹ תָּמִיד לְרָצוֹן לָהֶם לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃
It shall be [worn] on Aharon’s forehead, and Aharon will carry [atone] the iniquity of the sacred offerings that the B’nei Yisrael consecrate for all their sacred gifts. It shall be on his forehead always to make them [the sacred-offerings] acceptable before Adonoy.
It shall be [worn] on Aharon’s forehead, and Aharon will carry [atone] the iniquity of the sacred offerings that the B’nei Yisrael consecrate for all their sacred gifts. It shall be on his forehead always to make them [the sacred-offerings] acceptable before Adonoy.
Rashi
ונשא אהרן. לשון סליחה, ואף על פי כן אינו זז ממשמעו, אהרן נושא את המשא של עון, נמצא מסולק העון מן הקדשים:
Aharon will carry. A term meaning “atonement.” Nevertheless, it does not lose its plain meaning: Aharon carried the load of sin thereby removing sin from the holy things.
את עון הקדשים. לרצות על הדם ועל החלב שקרבו בטומאה, כמו ששנינו (מנחות כה.), אי זה עון הוא נושא, אם עון פגול הרי כבר נאמר לא ירצה, ואם עון נותר הרי נאמר לא יחשב, ואין לומר שיכפר על עון הכהן שהקריב טמא, שהרי עון הקדשים נאמר, ולא עון המקריבים, הא אינו מרצה אלא להכשיר הקרבן:
The iniquity of the sacred offerings. [I.e.] to make acceptable [to God] the blood and the fat [of the sacrifices] that were sacrificed in a state of uncleanliness, as we have learned: For what sin does it (the צִיץ) atone? If it is the sin of pigul, [concerning this] it has already stated: “It shall not be accepted.” And if it is the sin of nosar (leftover), it has stated: “It shall not be considered [a valid sacrifice].” It also cannot be said that it atones for the sin of a kohein who sacrificed while he was unclean, for it states: “the sin of the holy things,” and not: “the sin of those who sacrifice,” thereby indicating that it only atones for the purpose of making a korbon valid.
והיה על מצחו תמיד. אי אפשר לומר שיהא על מצחו תמיד, שהרי אינו עליו אלא בשעת העבודה, אלא תמיד לרצות להם, אפילו אינו על מצחו, שלא היה כהן גדול עובד באותה שעה, ולדברי האומר עודהו על מצחו מכפר ומרצה, ואם לאו אינו מרצה, נדרש על מצחו תמיד, מלמד שממשמש בו בעודו על מצחו, שלא יסיח דעתו ממנו:
It shall be on his forehead always. It cannot be said that it should actually always be on his forehead, for it was on him only during the service but “always to make them acceptable,” even when it is not on his forehead i.e., if the kohein godol was not performing the Service at that time. According to the opinion that [only] when it is on his forehead does it atone and make the sacrifices acceptable but, if not, it cannot make the sacrifices acceptable, then it is expounded as עַל מִצְחוֹ תָּמִיד, and it teaches that he must [constantly] touch it while it is on his forehead so as not to take his mind off it.
וְשִׁבַּצְתָּ הַכְּתֹנֶת שֵׁשׁ וְעָשִׂיתָ מִצְנֶפֶת שֵׁשׁ וְאַבְנֵט תַּעֲשֶׂה מַעֲשֵׂה רֹקֵֽם׃
Make the undershirt with checkered work of fine linen. Make the turban of fine linen. and the sash-belt shall be the work of an embroiderer.
Make the undershirt with checkered work of fine linen. Make the turban of fine linen. and the sash-belt shall be the work of an embroiderer.
Rashi
ושבצת. עשה אותם משבצות משבצות, וכולם של שש:
Checkered. [Meaning:] make it checkered throughout and it should entirely be of linen.
וְלִבְנֵי אַהֲרֹן תַּעֲשֶׂה כֻתֳּנֹת וְעָשִׂיתָ לָהֶם אַבְנֵטִים וּמִגְבָּעוֹת תַּעֲשֶׂה לָהֶם לְכָבוֹד וּלְתִפְאָֽרֶת׃
For Aharon’s sons, make undershirts, and [also] make sash-belts for them. Make turban-like hats for them, for honor and splendor.
For Aharon’s sons, make undershirts, and [also] make sash-belts for them. Make turban-like hats for them, for honor and splendor.
Rashi
ולבני אהרן תעשה כתנת. ארבעה בגדים הללו ולא יותר, כתונת, ואבנט, ומגבעות היא מצנפת, ומכנסים הכתובים למטה בפרשה:
For Aharon’s sons make undershirts. [Meaning:] these four garments and no more: an undershirt, a sash-belt, hats identical to the turban, and pants, which are mentioned later in this section.
וְהִלְבַּשְׁתָּ אֹתָם אֶת־אַהֲרֹן אָחִיךָ וְאֶת־בָּנָיו אִתּוֹ וּמָשַׁחְתָּ אֹתָם וּמִלֵּאתָ אֶת־יָדָם וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ אֹתָם וְכִהֲנוּ לִֽי׃
Clothe your brother, Aharon, with [these garments], and also [clothe] his sons along with him. [Then] anoint them, and install them, and consecrate them to serve Me [as kohanim].
Clothe your brother, Aharon, with [these garments], and also [clothe] his sons along with him. [Then] anoint them, and install them, and consecrate them to serve Me [as kohanim].
Rashi
והלבשת אותם את אהרן. אותם האמורין באהרן, חשן, ואפוד, ומעיל, וכתונת תשבץ, מצנפת, ואבנט, וציץ, ומכנסים, הכתובים למטה בכולם:
Clothe your brother, Aharon, with these. [I.e.] those that are mentioned regarding Aharon, the breastplate, the eiphod, the robe, the checkered undershirt, the turban, the sash-belt, the diadem, and the pants that are mentioned later concerning all of them (i.e., Aharon and sons).
ואת בניו אתו. אותם הכתובים בהם:
And his sons along with him — those [garments] that are mentioned in connection with them.
ומשחת אותם. את אהרן ואת בניו בשמן המשחה:
Anoint them — Aharon and his sons with the anointing oil.
ומלאת את ידם. כל מלוי ידים לשון חנוך, כשהוא נכנס לדבר להיות מוחזק בו מאותו יום והלאה, ובלשון לע"ז, כשממנין אדם על פקודת דבר, נותן השליט בידו בית יד של עור שקורין גוואנ"טו, ועל ידו הוא מחזיקו בדבר, וקורין לאותו מסירה וויר"סטיר, והוא מלוי ידים:
And install them. Wherever the expression מִלּוּי יָדַיִם is used it is a term for installation. When one embarks on something (i.e., a position) that he will occupy from that day on, [it is referred to as מִלּוּי — “filling.”] In Old French, when a person is appointed to any position [in government], the ruler puts in his hand a leather glove called gant, in Old French and by that means he establishes him in that position. This transmission is called [in Old French] rewestir. And that is the expression of מִלּוּי יָדַיִם (filling the hand).
וַעֲשֵׂה לָהֶם מִכְנְסֵי־בָד לְכַסּוֹת בְּשַׂר עֶרְוָה מִמׇּתְנַיִם וְעַד־יְרֵכַיִם יִהְיֽוּ׃
Make for them linen pants to cover their nakedness, reaching from their waists to their thighs.
Make for them linen pants to cover their nakedness, reaching from their waists to their thighs.
Rashi
ועשה להם. לאהרן ולבניו:
Make for them — for Aharon and his sons.
מכנסי בד. הרי ח' בגדים לכהן גדול וארבעה לכהן הדיוט:
Linen pants. Thus you have eight garments for the kohein godol and four for the common kohein.
וְהָיוּ עַל־אַהֲרֹן וְעַל־בָּנָיו בְּבֹאָם ׀ אֶל־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד אוֹ בְגִשְׁתָּם אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ לְשָׁרֵת בַּקֹּדֶשׁ וְלֹא־יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ חֻקַּת עוֹלָם לוֹ וּלְזַרְעוֹ אַחֲרָֽיו׃ {ס}
These [garments] must be worn by Aharon and his sons whenever they come into Tent of Meeting, or approach the altar to serve in the Holy [sanctuary], in order that they not bear iniquity and die. This is an everlasting statute for him and his descendants after him.
These [garments] must be worn by Aharon and his sons whenever they come into Tent of Meeting, or approach the altar to serve in the Holy [sanctuary], in order that they not bear iniquity and die. This is an everlasting statute for him and his descendants after him.
Rashi
והיו על אהרן. כל הבגדים האלה, על אהרן הראויין לו:
These [garments] must be worn by Aharon. I.e., all these garments on Aharon: those that apply to him —
ועל בניו. האמורין בהם:
and on his sons — those that are mentioned in connection with them —
בבואם אל אהל מועד. להיכל וכן למשכן:
whenever they come into the Tent of Meeting — into the Sanctuary as well as into the mishkon.
ומתו. הא למדת, שהמשמש מחוסר בגדים, במיתה:
And die. Thus you learn that one who performs a korbon service lacking any of the garments [is liable to] the death penalty.
חקת עולם לו. כל מקום שנאמר חקת עולם, הוא גזירה מיד ולדורות לעכב בו:
An everlasting statute for him. Wherever חֻקַּת עוֹלָם is said it is a decree for the immediate present and for [future] generations [and if the statute is ignored] it will render [the mitzvah] invalid.
Shemot 29
וְזֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶֽׁר־תַּעֲשֶׂה לָהֶם לְקַדֵּשׁ אֹתָם לְכַהֵן לִי לְקַח פַּר אֶחָד בֶּן־בָּקָר וְאֵילִם שְׁנַיִם תְּמִימִֽם׃
This is what you must do for them to consecrate them to serve Me [as kohanim]. Take one young bull and two unblemished rams,
This is what you must do for them to consecrate them to serve Me [as kohanim]. Take one young bull and two unblemished rams,
Rashi
לקח. כמו קח, ושתי גזרות הן, אחת של קיחה ואחת של לקיחה, ולהן פתרון אחד:
Take. [לְקַח means] the same as קַח . They are of two different roots one in the form of קִיחָה (i.e., no ל') and the other in the form of לְקִיחָה (with a ל'), [but] both having the same meaning.
פר אחד. לכפר על מעשה העגל שהוא פר:
One bull — to atone for the act of [worshipping the golden] calf [a calf] being [of the same species as] a bull
וְלֶחֶם מַצּוֹת וְחַלֹּת מַצֹּת בְּלוּלֹת בַּשֶּׁמֶן וּרְקִיקֵי מַצּוֹת מְשֻׁחִים בַּשָּׁמֶן סֹלֶת חִטִּים תַּעֲשֶׂה אֹתָֽם׃
[also] unleavened bread, unleavened loaves mixed with [olive] oil. and unleavened wafers anointed with oil. You must make them with fine wheat flour.
[also] unleavened bread, unleavened loaves mixed with [olive] oil. and unleavened wafers anointed with oil. You must make them with fine wheat flour.
Rashi
ולחם מצות וחלת מצת ורקיקי מצות. הרי אלו ג' מינין, רבוכה, וחלות, ורקיקין. לחם מצות היא הקרויה למטה בענין חלת לחם שמן, על שם שנותן שמן ברבוכה כנגד החלות והרקיקין, וכל המינין באים עשר עשר חלות (מנחות עו.):
Unleavened bread, unleavened loaves mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers. Thus you have here three kinds: scalded dough, loaves, and wafers. לֶחֶם מַצּוֹת is referred to later on in this section as: חַלַּת לֶחֶם שֶׁמֶן — “a loaf of oiled bread,” so called because oil is added to the scalded dough equivalent [to the total oil added to] the loaves and wafers. There were ten loaves brought of each kind.
בשמן. כשהן קמח, יוצק בהן שמן ובוללן (שם עה.):
Mixed with oil. While they were still flour, oil was poured into them and mixed together.
משחים בשמן. אחר אפייתן מושחן כמין כ"ף יונית שהיא עשויה כנו"ן שלנו (שם):
Anointed with oil. After they were baked he anointed them in the form of the Greek letter chi which is formed like our nun.
וְנָתַתָּ אוֹתָם עַל־סַל אֶחָד וְהִקְרַבְתָּ אֹתָם בַּסָּל וְאֶת־הַפָּר וְאֵת שְׁנֵי הָאֵילִֽם׃
Place them in one basket and bring them in the basket [along] with the young bull and the two rams.
Place them in one basket and bring them in the basket [along] with the young bull and the two rams.
Rashi
והקרבת אותם. אל חצר המשכן ביום הקמתו:
And bring them — to the courtyard of the mishkon on the day when it will be erected.
וְאֶת־אַהֲרֹן וְאֶת־בָּנָיו תַּקְרִיב אֶל־פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וְרָחַצְתָּ אֹתָם בַּמָּֽיִם׃
Bring Aharon and his sons near to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, and immerse them in the water.
Bring Aharon and his sons near to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, and immerse them in the water.
Rashi
ורחצת. זו טבילת כל הגוף:
And immerse. This [refers to] immersing the entire body.
וְלָקַחְתָּ אֶת־הַבְּגָדִים וְהִלְבַּשְׁתָּ אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן אֶת־הַכֻּתֹּנֶת וְאֵת מְעִיל הָאֵפֹד וְאֶת־הָאֵפֹד וְאֶת־הַחֹשֶׁן וְאָפַדְתָּ לוֹ בְּחֵשֶׁב הָאֵפֹֽד׃
Take the garments and clothe Aharon with the undershirt, the robe of the eiphod, the eiphod, and the breastplate, and gird him with the belt of the eiphod.
Take the garments and clothe Aharon with the undershirt, the robe of the eiphod, the eiphod, and the breastplate, and gird him with the belt of the eiphod.
Rashi
ואפדת. קשט ותקן החגורה והסינר סביבותיו:
And gird him. [Meaning:] adorn and arrange the belt and the apron around him.
וְשַׂמְתָּ הַמִּצְנֶפֶת עַל־רֹאשׁוֹ וְנָתַתָּ אֶת־נֵזֶר הַקֹּדֶשׁ עַל־הַמִּצְנָֽפֶת׃
Set the turban upon his head and place the sacred diadem upon the turban.
Set the turban upon his head and place the sacred diadem upon the turban.
Rashi
נזר הקדש. זה הציץ:
The sacred diadem. [נֵזֶר הַקֹּדֶשׁ] refers to the צִיץ .
על המצנפת. כמו שפירשתי למעלה, על ידי הפתיל האמצעי ושני פתילין שבראשו הקשורין שלשתן מאחורי העורף, הוא נותנו על המצנפת כמין כובע:
Upon the turban. It is as I explained above: by means of the middle thread and the two threads which are at the ends which are tied behind the neck; he places it over the turban as a sort of hat.
וְלָֽקַחְתָּ אֶת־שֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה וְיָצַקְתָּ עַל־רֹאשׁוֹ וּמָשַׁחְתָּ אֹתֽוֹ׃
Take the anointing oil and pour it on his head and anoint him.
Take the anointing oil and pour it on his head and anoint him.
Rashi
ומשחת אותו. אף משיחה זו כמין כ"ף יונית, נותן שמן על ראשו, ובין ריסי עיניו, ומחברן באצבעו:
And anoint him. This anointing was also in the form of [the Greek letter] chi. He puts oil on his head and between his eyebrows and connects them with his finger.
וְאֶת־בָּנָיו תַּקְרִיב וְהִלְבַּשְׁתָּם כֻּתֳּנֹֽת׃
Bring his sons near and clothe them with undershirts.
Bring his sons near and clothe them with undershirts.
וְחָגַרְתָּ אֹתָם אַבְנֵט אַהֲרֹן וּבָנָיו וְחָבַשְׁתָּ לָהֶם מִגְבָּעֹת וְהָיְתָה לָהֶם כְּהֻנָּה לְחֻקַּת עוֹלָם וּמִלֵּאתָ יַֽד־אַהֲרֹן וְיַד־בָּנָֽיו׃
Gird them—Aharon and his sons—with sash-belts, and bind turban-like hats for them, and the priesthood shall be for them an everlasting statute. Thus you shall install Aharon and his sons.
Gird them—Aharon and his sons—with sash-belts, and bind turban-like hats for them, and the priesthood shall be for them an everlasting statute. Thus you shall install Aharon and his sons.
Rashi
והיתה להם. מלוי ידים זה לכהונת עולם:
And it shall be for them — this procedure of installation, for a priesthood that will last forever.
ומלאת. על ידי הדברים האלה:
Thus you shall install (lit. fill) — by means of [following] these things [enumerated here] —
יד אהרן ויד בניו. במילוי ופקודת הכהונה:
Aharon and his sons. With the installation and the appointment to the priesthood.
וְהִקְרַבְתָּ אֶת־הַפָּר לִפְנֵי אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וְסָמַךְ אַהֲרֹן וּבָנָיו אֶת־יְדֵיהֶם עַל־רֹאשׁ הַפָּֽר׃
Bring the young bull before the Tent of Meeting, and Aharon and his sons shall support their hands on the head of the young bull.
Bring the young bull before the Tent of Meeting, and Aharon and his sons shall support their hands on the head of the young bull.
וְשָׁחַטְתָּ אֶת־הַפָּר לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃
Slaughter the bull before Adonoy, at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting.
Slaughter the bull before Adonoy, at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting.
Rashi
פתח אהל מועד. בחצר המשכן שלפני הפתח:
At the entrance of the Tent of Meeting. [I.e.] in the courtyard of the mishkon, [all of] which is [considered] in front of the entrance.
וְלָֽקַחְתָּ מִדַּם הַפָּר וְנָתַתָּה עַל־קַרְנֹת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ בְּאֶצְבָּעֶךָ וְאֶת־כׇּל־הַדָּם תִּשְׁפֹּךְ אֶל־יְסוֹד הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃
Take of the blood of the bull and put it on the horn-like elevations of the altar with your finger, and pour all the [remaining] blood at the base of the altar.
Take of the blood of the bull and put it on the horn-like elevations of the altar with your finger, and pour all the [remaining] blood at the base of the altar.
Rashi
על קרנות. למעלה, בקרנות ממש (זבחים נג.):
On the horn-like elevations. [I.e.] at the top, actually on the “horns.”
ואת כל הדם. שירי הדם:
All the blood. [I.e.] the remaining blood.
אל יסוד המזבח. כמין בליטת בית קבול עשוי לו סביב סביב לאחר שעלה אמה מן הארץ (מדות פ"ג מ"א):
At the base of the altar. A sort of protrusion which was a receptacle was made for it all around after it (the altar) reached the height of an amoh.
וְלָֽקַחְתָּ אֶֽת־כׇּל־הַחֵלֶב הַֽמְכַסֶּה אֶת־הַקֶּרֶב וְאֵת הַיֹּתֶרֶת עַל־הַכָּבֵד וְאֵת שְׁתֵּי הַכְּלָיֹת וְאֶת־הַחֵלֶב אֲשֶׁר עֲלֵיהֶן וְהִקְטַרְתָּ הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה׃
Take all the fat that covers the inner organs, the lobe that is with the liver, the two kidneys with the fat that is upon them, and burn them on the altar.
Take all the fat that covers the inner organs, the lobe that is with the liver, the two kidneys with the fat that is upon them, and burn them on the altar.
Rashi
החלב המכסה את הקרב. הוא הקרום שעל הכרס שקורין טיל"א:
The fat that covers the inner organs. It is the membrane that is over the stomach, which is called teile (membrane) [Old French].
ואת היתרת. הוא טַרְפְּשָׁא דְכַבְדָא שקורין איבר"ש (ראטהפלייש):
The lobe. It is the membrane [that covers] the liver, which is called ebdes [in Old French].
על הכבד. אף מן הכבד יטול עמה (ת"כ ג, ד):
With the liver. He should also take some of the liver with it.
וְאֶת־בְּשַׂר הַפָּר וְאֶת־עֹרוֹ וְאֶת־פִּרְשׁוֹ תִּשְׂרֹף בָּאֵשׁ מִחוּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶה חַטָּאת הֽוּא׃
[However] the flesh of the bull, its skin, and its intestinal waste, you shall burn with fire outside the camp. It is a sin-offering.
[However] the flesh of the bull, its skin, and its intestinal waste, you shall burn with fire outside the camp. It is a sin-offering.
Rashi
תשרף באש. לא מצינו חטאת חיצונה נשרפת אלא זו:
You shall burn with fire. We find no other “outside” sin-offering burnt besides this one.
וְאֶת־הָאַיִל הָאֶחָד תִּקָּח וְסָמְכוּ אַהֲרֹן וּבָנָיו אֶת־יְדֵיהֶם עַל־רֹאשׁ הָאָֽיִל׃
Take the first ram and have Aharon and his sons support their hands on the head of the ram.
Take the first ram and have Aharon and his sons support their hands on the head of the ram.
וְשָׁחַטְתָּ אֶת־הָאָיִל וְלָֽקַחְתָּ אֶת־דָּמוֹ וְזָרַקְתָּ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִֽיב׃
Slaughter the ram, and take its blood, and sprinkle it around the altar.
Slaughter the ram, and take its blood, and sprinkle it around the altar.
Rashi
וזרקת. בכלי, אוחז במזרק וזורק כנגד הקרן, כדי שיראה לכאן ולכאן, ואין קרבן טעון מתנה באצבע אלא חטאת בלבד, אבל שאר זבחים אינן טעונין קרן ולא אצבע, שמתן דמם מחצי המזבח ולמטה, ואינו עולה בכבש, אלא עומד בארץ וזורק:
And sprinkle it — with a vessel. He holds the basin and sprinkles toward the horn-like elevation so that it (i.e., the blood) is visible on two sides. No korbon requires placing the blood with a finger with the single exception of the sin-offering. But other korbonos do not require [the placement of blood at the top, actually on the] “horn” nor the use of the finger, for their placement of blood was at the lower half of the altar without his going up the ramp, but, rather, he stands on the ground and sprinkles.
סביב. כך מפורש בשחיטת קדשים (זבחים נג:), שאין סביב אלא ב' מתנות שהן ארבע, האחת בקרן זוית זו, והאחת בקרן שכנגדה באלכסון, וכל מתנה נראית בשני צדי הקרן אילך ואילך, נמצא הדם נתון בד' רוחות סביב, לכך קרוי סביב:
Around. It is thus explained in Tractate Shechitas Kedoshim, that סָבִיב only means “two sprinklings which were four,” whereby one [is done] in one corner and the other, in the corner diagonally across. [Thus] each sprinkling is visible on two sides of the “horn” in two directions. Consequently the blood was placed around the four sides. It is therefore referred to as סָבִיב — “around.”
וְאֶת־הָאַיִל תְּנַתֵּחַ לִנְתָחָיו וְרָחַצְתָּ קִרְבּוֹ וּכְרָעָיו וְנָתַתָּ עַל־נְתָחָיו וְעַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃
Cut the ram into pieces. [Then] wash off its intestines and its legs and place them with its cut up pieces and its head.
Cut the ram into pieces. [Then] wash off its intestines and its legs and place them with its cut up pieces and its head.
Rashi
על נתחיו. עם נתחיו, וסף על שאר הנתחים:
With its cut up pieces. [Meaning:] with its cut up pieces, [i.e.] in addition to the other pieces.
וְהִקְטַרְתָּ אֶת־כׇּל־הָאַיִל הַמִּזְבֵּחָה עֹלָה הוּא לַֽיהֹוָה רֵיחַ נִיחוֹחַ אִשֶּׁה לַיהֹוָה הֽוּא׃
Burn the entire ram on the altar, it is a burnt-offering to Adonoy, a pleasing fragrance, a fire-offering to Adonoy.
Burn the entire ram on the altar, it is a burnt-offering to Adonoy, a pleasing fragrance, a fire-offering to Adonoy.
Rashi
ריח ניחוח. נחת רוח לפני, שאמרתי ונעשה רצוני:
A pleasing fragrance. [I.e.] “It is pleasing to Me that I issued a command and My will was done.”
אשה. לשון אש, והיא הקטרת איברים שעל האש:
A fire-offering. [אִשֶׁה is derived] from the word אֵשׁ — “fire.” It refers to the burning of the limbs which are placed on the fire [of the altar].
וְלָקַחְתָּ אֵת הָאַיִל הַשֵּׁנִי וְסָמַךְ אַהֲרֹן וּבָנָיו אֶת־יְדֵיהֶם עַל־רֹאשׁ הָאָֽיִל׃
Take the second ram and have Aharon and his sons support their hands on the head of the ram.
Take the second ram and have Aharon and his sons support their hands on the head of the ram.
וְשָׁחַטְתָּ אֶת־הָאַיִל וְלָקַחְתָּ מִדָּמוֹ וְנָֽתַתָּה עַל־תְּנוּךְ אֹזֶן אַהֲרֹן וְעַל־תְּנוּךְ אֹזֶן בָּנָיו הַיְמָנִית וְעַל־בֹּהֶן יָדָם הַיְמָנִית וְעַל־בֹּהֶן רַגְלָם הַיְמָנִית וְזָרַקְתָּ אֶת־הַדָּם עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִֽיב׃
Slaughter the ram, and take of its blood, and place it on the tip of Aharon’s right ear, and on the tip of the right ear of his sons, and on the thumb of their right hands, and on the big toe of their right feet. Sprinkle the [remaining] blood all around the altar.
Slaughter the ram, and take of its blood, and place it on the tip of Aharon’s right ear, and on the tip of the right ear of his sons, and on the thumb of their right hands, and on the big toe of their right feet. Sprinkle the [remaining] blood all around the altar.
Rashi
תנוך. הוא הַסְּחוּס (ת"כ מילואים כ"א), גדר האמצעי שבתוך האוזן, שקורין טנדרו"ס:
תְּנוּךְ . It is the cartilage — the middle protrusion within the ear, which is called tenrum in Old French.
בהן ידם. הגודל, ובפרק האמצעי:
The thumb of their [right] hand. [בֹּהֶן means:] “the thumb” — and on the middle joint.
וְלָקַחְתָּ מִן־הַדָּם אֲשֶׁר עַֽל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וּמִשֶּׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה וְהִזֵּיתָ עַֽל־אַהֲרֹן וְעַל־בְּגָדָיו וְעַל־בָּנָיו וְעַל־בִּגְדֵי בָנָיו אִתּוֹ וְקָדַשׁ הוּא וּבְגָדָיו וּבָנָיו וּבִגְדֵי בָנָיו אִתּֽוֹ׃
Take of the blood that is on the altar, and of the anointing oil and sprinkle it upon Aharon and his garments, and upon his sons and their garments as well. Thus he and his garments will be consecrated, along with his sons and his son’s garments.
Take of the blood that is on the altar, and of the anointing oil and sprinkle it upon Aharon and his garments, and upon his sons and their garments as well. Thus he and his garments will be consecrated, along with his sons and his son’s garments.
וְלָקַחְתָּ מִן־הָאַיִל הַחֵלֶב וְהָֽאַלְיָה וְאֶת־הַחֵלֶב ׀ הַֽמְכַסֶּה אֶת־הַקֶּרֶב וְאֵת יֹתֶרֶת הַכָּבֵד וְאֵת ׀ שְׁתֵּי הַכְּלָיֹת וְאֶת־הַחֵלֶב אֲשֶׁר עֲלֵיהֶן וְאֵת שׁוֹק הַיָּמִין כִּי אֵיל מִלֻּאִים הֽוּא׃
Take from the ram the [intestinal] fat, the broad tail, the fat that covers the inner organs, the lobe of the liver, the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, and the right shoulder, for it is a ram of a completion-offering.
Take from the ram the [intestinal] fat, the broad tail, the fat that covers the inner organs, the lobe of the liver, the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, and the right shoulder, for it is a ram of a completion-offering.
Rashi
החלב. זה חלב הדקים או הקיבה (חולין מט:):
The fat. This refers to the fat of the small intestines or [according to another opinion] of the stomach.
והאליה. מן הכליות ולמטה, כמו שמפורש בויקרא (ג, ט) שנאמר לְעֻמַּת הֶעָצֶה יְסִירֶנָּה, מקום שהכליות יועצות, ובאמורי הפר לא נאמר אליה, שאין אליה קריבה אלא בכבש וכבשה ואיל, אבל שור ועז אין טעונים אליה:
The broad tail — the part that is from the kidneys down, as is explained in Vayikra for it is said: “[the entire broad tail] by the (עָצֶה) backbone shall he remove it.” [It is called עָצֶה because] it is the place where the kidney gives (עֵצָה) advice. In the case of the young bull the broad tail is not mentioned because the broad tail is not offered except in the case of a sheep, an ewe and a ram, whereas an ox and a goat do not require [that their] broad tail [be offered].
ואת שוק הימין. לא מצינו הקטרה בשוק הימין עם האמורים, אלא זו בלבד:
And the right shoulder. Nowhere do we find the burning of the right shoulder with the other parts to be burnt, except in this case.
כי איל מלואים הוא. שלמים לשון שלמות, שהושלם בכל. מגיד הכתוב שהמלואים שלמים, שמשימים שלום למזבח, ולעובד העבודה, ולבעלים לכך אני מצריכו החזה, להיות לו לעובד העבודה למנה, וזה משה ששימש במלואים, והשאר אכלו אהרן ובניו, שהם בעלים, כמפורש בענין:
For it is a ram of a completion-offering. [מִלֻּאִים is the same as] שְׁלָמִים, meaning: “perfection” for it is “perfect” in every way. Scripture thereby teaches that the completion-offerings were שְׁלָמִים -sacrifices, for they bring about (שָׁלוֹם) peace to the altar, and to the one who performs the service and to the “owners” (i.e., those who bring the korbon). “I [God], therefore, require that the breast go to the one who performed the service as his portion who [in this case] is Moshe who performed the service of the installation-sacrifices. And the rest was eaten by Aharon and his sons who were the owners as is explained in this section.
וְכִכַּר לֶחֶם אַחַת וְֽחַלַּת לֶחֶם שֶׁמֶן אַחַת וְרָקִיק אֶחָד מִסַּל הַמַּצּוֹת אֲשֶׁר לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃
[Take also] one bread-cake, and one loaf of oiled bread, and one wafer from the basket of unleavened bread that is before Adonoy.
[Take also] one bread-cake, and one loaf of oiled bread, and one wafer from the basket of unleavened bread that is before Adonoy.
Rashi
וככר לחם. מן החלות:
One bread-cake — of the loaves (above v. 2).
וחלת לחם שמן. ממין הרבוכה:
And one loaf of oiled bread — from the scalded kind.
ורקיק. מן הרקיקין אחד, מעשר שבכל מין ומין. ולא מצינו תרומת לחם הבא עם זבח נקטרת, אלא זו בלבד, שתרומת לחמי תודה ואיל נזיר נתונה לכהנים עם חזה ושוק, ומזה לא היה למשה למנה, אלא חזה בלבד:
And one wafer — of the wafers; one each out of the ten of each kind. Nowhere do we find that a terumah of bread brought together with an animal korbon, is burnt [on the altar], except for this one, because the terumah of the breads of a thanksgiving-offering, and of a ram brought by a Nazir, was given to the kohanim along with the breast and shoulder, whereas from this one, Moshe received as his portion only the breast alone.
וְשַׂמְתָּ הַכֹּל עַל כַּפֵּי אַהֲרֹן וְעַל כַּפֵּי בָנָיו וְהֵנַפְתָּ אֹתָם תְּנוּפָה לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃
Place all [these things] upon the [open] hands of Aharon, and upon the [open] hands of his sons, and you shall wave them for wave-offering before Adonoy.
Place all [these things] upon the [open] hands of Aharon, and upon the [open] hands of his sons, and you shall wave them for wave-offering before Adonoy.
Rashi
על כפי אהרן וגו' והנפת. שניהם עסוקין בתנופה, הבעלים והכהן, הא כיצד, כהן מניח ידו תחת יד הבעלים ומניף, ובזה היו אהרן ובניו בעלים ומשה כהן:
Upon the hands of Aharon, etc. and you shall wave. Both participated in the waving — the “owner” and the kohein. How is this done? The kohein places his hand beneath the hand of the “owner” and waves. In this case Aharon and his sons were the “owners,” and Moshe [was] the kohein.
תנופה. מוליך ומביא למי שארבע רוחות העולם שלו, ותנופה מעכבת ומבטלת פורעניות ורוחות רעות. תרומה, מעלה ומוריד למי שהשמים והארץ שלו, ומעכבת טללים רעים (מנחות סב.):
A wave-offering. He brings it back and forth [in all four directions] to the One to Whom the four sides of the world belong. Waving served to prevent and nullify misfortune and harmful winds. Then he brings it up and down to the One to Whom heaven and earth belong. which serves to prevent harmful dews.
וְלָקַחְתָּ אֹתָם מִיָּדָם וְהִקְטַרְתָּ הַמִּזְבֵּחָה עַל־הָעֹלָה לְרֵיחַ נִיחוֹחַ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה אִשֶּׁה הוּא לַיהֹוָֽה׃
Then take [these things] from their hands and burn them on the altar after the burnt-offering as a pleasing fragrance before Adonoy. It is a fire-offering to Adonoy.
Then take [these things] from their hands and burn them on the altar after the burnt-offering as a pleasing fragrance before Adonoy. It is a fire-offering to Adonoy.
Rashi
על העולה. על האיל הראשון שהעלית עולה:
After the burnt-offering. [Meaning:] after the earlier ram which you had already brought up as a burnt-offering.
לריח ניחוח. לנחת רוח למי שאמר ונעשה רצונו:
As a pleasing fragrance. [I.e.], as something pleasing to He Who commanded and His will was done.
אשה. לאש נתן:
A fire-offering. [I.e.] it is put on the (אֵשׁ) fire.
לה'. לשמו של מקום:
To Adonoy. [I.e.] for the sake of the Name of God.
וְלָקַחְתָּ אֶת־הֶֽחָזֶה מֵאֵיל הַמִּלֻּאִים אֲשֶׁר לְאַהֲרֹן וְהֵנַפְתָּ אֹתוֹ תְּנוּפָה לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה וְהָיָה לְךָ לְמָנָֽה׃
Take the breast from Aharon’s installation ram and wave it as wave-offering to Adonoy. Then it shall be your [Moshe’s] portion.
Take the breast from Aharon’s installation ram and wave it as wave-offering to Adonoy. Then it shall be your [Moshe’s] portion.
וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ אֵת ׀ חֲזֵה הַתְּנוּפָה וְאֵת שׁוֹק הַתְּרוּמָה אֲשֶׁר הוּנַף וַאֲשֶׁר הוּרָם מֵאֵיל הַמִּלֻּאִים מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאַהֲרֹן וּמֵאֲשֶׁר לְבָנָֽיו׃
Sanctify the breast of the wave-offering, and the shoulder of the terumah-offering which were [the] waved and uplifted [parts] of the ram of the completion-offering [which was used to install] Aharon and his sons.
Sanctify the breast of the wave-offering, and the shoulder of the terumah-offering which were [the] waved and uplifted [parts] of the ram of the completion-offering [which was used to install] Aharon and his sons.
Rashi
וקדשת את חזה התנופה ואת שוק התרומה וגו'. קדשם לדורות, להיות נוהגת תרומתם והנפתם בחזה ושוק של שלמים, אבל לא להקטרה, אלא והיה לאהרן ולבניו לאכול:
Sanctify the breast of the wave-offering and the shoulder of the terumah-offering. [By the performance of what is set forth here] you sanctify them (i.e., these portions) for generations so that there will continue to be practiced the terumos and the waving of the breast and shoulder of the שְׁלָמִים -offerings. However, not insofar as burning them is concerned but, instead: “They shall be Aharon’s and his sons’” to eat.
תנופה. לשון הולכה והבאה, וינטלי"ר בלע"ז:
A wave offering. [תְּנוּפָה is] a term for back and forth movement wenteler (horizontal movement) in Old French.
הורם. לשון מעלה ומוריד:
Uplifted. [הוּרם is] a term for up and down movement.
וְהָיָה לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו לְחׇק־עוֹלָם מֵאֵת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כִּי תְרוּמָה הוּא וּתְרוּמָה יִהְיֶה מֵאֵת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מִזִּבְחֵי שַׁלְמֵיהֶם תְּרוּמָתָם לַיהֹוָֽה׃
It [the breast and shoulder] shall be for Aharon and his sons by statute for ever. [This portion is taken] from the B’nei Yisrael for it is a terumah-offering. It shall be a terumah-offering from the B’nei Yisrael taken from their peace-offerings. It is their terumah-offering to Adonoy.
It [the breast and shoulder] shall be for Aharon and his sons by statute for ever. [This portion is taken] from the B’nei Yisrael for it is a terumah-offering. It shall be a terumah-offering from the B’nei Yisrael taken from their peace-offerings. It is their terumah-offering to Adonoy.
Rashi
לחק עולם מאת בני ישראל. שהשלמים לבעלים, ואת החזה ואת השוק יתנו לכהן:
By statute forever from the B’nei Yisrael — that the שְׁלָמִים -offerings to go to the “owners” and that the breast and shoulder be given to the kohein.
כי תרומה הוא. החזה ושוק הזה:
For it is a terumah-offering — this breast and shoulder.
וּבִגְדֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר לְאַהֲרֹן יִהְיוּ לְבָנָיו אַחֲרָיו לְמׇשְׁחָה בָהֶם וּלְמַלֵּא־בָם אֶת־יָדָֽם׃
Aharon’s sacred garments shall be his son’s after him, to be uplifted through them and to be installed through them.
Aharon’s sacred garments shall be his son’s after him, to be uplifted through them and to be installed through them.
Rashi
לבניו אחריו. למי שבא בגדולה אחריו:
His son’s after him. [I.e.] whoever follows him in his exalted position.
למשחה. להתגדל בהם, שיש משיחה שהיא לשון שררה, כמו לְךָ נְתַתִּים לְמָשְׁחָה (במדבר יח, ח), אַל תִּגְעוּ בִמְשִׁיחָי (תהלים קה, טו):
To be uplifted through them. [Meaning:] to be put in a high position by them. For the term מְשִׁיחָה is sometimes used in the sense of a high position, as in: “to you have I given them as a high position,” [or:] “Do not touch My anointed ones.”
ולמלא בם את ידם. על ידי הבגדים הוא מתלבש בכהונה גדולה:
And be installed through them. By means of the garments he became invested with the high-priesthood.
שִׁבְעַת יָמִים יִלְבָּשָׁם הַכֹּהֵן תַּחְתָּיו מִבָּנָיו אֲשֶׁר יָבֹא אֶל־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד לְשָׁרֵת בַּקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃
Seven [consecutive] days shall they be worn by he who serves in his place—one of his sons—who will come into the Tent of Meeting to serve in the Holy [Sanctuary].
Seven [consecutive] days shall they be worn by he who serves in his place—one of his sons—who will come into the Tent of Meeting to serve in the Holy [Sanctuary].
Rashi
שבעת ימים. רצופין:
Seven days. [They must be] consecutive.
ילבשם הכהן. אשר יקום מבניו תחתיו לכהונה גדולה, כשימנוהו להיות כהן גדול:
Shall they be worn ... the kohein. The one of his sons who will rise up in his place to the high priesthood when he will be appointed to be the kohein godol.
אשר יבא אל אהל מועד. אותו כהן המוכן להכנס לפני ולפנים ביום הכפורים, וזהו כהן גדול, שאין עבודת יום הכפורים כשרה אלא בו (יומא עג.):
Who will come into the Tent of Meeting. [I.e.] that kohein who has been prepared to enter the innermost part [of the mikdosh or mishkon] on Yom Kippur and that is the kohein godol without whom the Yom Kippur service is unfit.
תחתיו מבניו. מלמד, שאם יש לו לכהן גדול בן ממלא את מקומו, ימנוהו כהן גדול תחתיו (ת"כ ו, טו):
By one of his sons who serves in his place. This teaches that if the kohein godol has a son who can fill his position they should appoint him kohein godol in his place.
הכהן תחתיו מבניו. מכאן ראיה, כל לשון כהן, לשון פועל עובד ממש, לפיכך ניגון תְּבִיר נמשך לפניו:
הַכֹּהֵן תַּחְתָּיו מִבָּנָיו . From here there is evidence that every use of the word כֹּהֵן is a participle — the one actually doing service. [Furthermore,] it is for this reason that the mark of the intonation [of the word הַכֹּהֵן] is a תְּבִיר, which connects it to the next word.
וְאֵת אֵיל הַמִּלֻּאִים תִּקָּח וּבִשַּׁלְתָּ אֶת־בְּשָׂרוֹ בְּמָקֹם קָדֹֽשׁ׃
Take the [remainder of the] ram of the completion-offering and cook its flesh in a sacred place.
Take the [remainder of the] ram of the completion-offering and cook its flesh in a sacred place.
Rashi
במקום קדש. בחצר אהל מועד, שהשלמים הללו קדשי קדשים היו:
In a sacred place. [I.e.], in the courtyard of the Tent of Meeting for these shlomim were Holy of Holies.
וְאָכַל אַהֲרֹן וּבָנָיו אֶת־בְּשַׂר הָאַיִל וְאֶת־הַלֶּחֶם אֲשֶׁר בַּסָּל פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃
Aharon and his sons shall eat the ram’s meat, along with the bread that is in the basket, at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting.
Aharon and his sons shall eat the ram’s meat, along with the bread that is in the basket, at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting.
Rashi
פתח אהל מועד. כל החצר קרוי כן:
At the entrance of the Tent of Meeting. The entire courtyard is referred to in this way.
וְאָכְלוּ אֹתָם אֲשֶׁר כֻּפַּר בָּהֶם לְמַלֵּא אֶת־יָדָם לְקַדֵּשׁ אֹתָם וְזָר לֹא־יֹאכַל כִּי־קֹדֶשׁ הֵֽם׃
They are to eat those things through which atonement was achieved, to install them and [thereby] to sanctify them. A stranger [a non-kohein] may not eat thereof for they are sacred.
They are to eat those things through which atonement was achieved, to install them and [thereby] to sanctify them. A stranger [a non-kohein] may not eat thereof for they are sacred.
Rashi
ואכלו אתם. אהרן ובניו, לפי שהם בעליהם:
They are to eat those things. [This refers to] Aharon and his sons for they are their “owners.”
אשר כפר בהם. להם כל זרות ותיעוב:
Through which atonement was achieved — for them, from being “strange” and objectionable.
למלא את ידם. באיל ולחם הללו:
To install them — by means of the ram and these breads.
לקדש אתם. שעל ידי המלואים הללו נתמלאו ידיהם ונתקדשו לכהונה:
To sanctify them. I.e., that by means of these מִלּוּאִים -offerings they were installed and sanctified to the priesthood.
כי קדש הם. קדשי קדשים, ומכאן למדנו אזהרה לזר האוכל קדשי קדשים, שנתן המקרא טעם לדבר משום דקדש הם:
For they are sacred. Holy of Holies. it is from here that we derive the admonition against a “stranger” (a non-kohein) eating from [korbonos that are] Holy of Holies, since Scripture gives the reason for this thing: “for they are sacred.”
וְֽאִם־יִוָּתֵר מִבְּשַׂר הַמִּלֻּאִים וּמִן־הַלֶּחֶם עַד־הַבֹּקֶר וְשָׂרַפְתָּ אֶת־הַנּוֹתָר בָּאֵשׁ לֹא יֵאָכֵל כִּי־קֹדֶשׁ הֽוּא׃
If any meat of the installation-offering is left over or if any of the bread [is left over] until morning, you must burn the leftovers in fire. It must not be eaten for it is sacred.
If any meat of the installation-offering is left over or if any of the bread [is left over] until morning, you must burn the leftovers in fire. It must not be eaten for it is sacred.
וְעָשִׂיתָ לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו כָּכָה כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר־צִוִּיתִי אֹתָכָה שִׁבְעַת יָמִים תְּמַלֵּא יָדָֽם׃
So shall you do for Aharon and his sons, according to all that I have commanded you. Seven days shall you install them.
So shall you do for Aharon and his sons, according to all that I have commanded you. Seven days shall you install them.
Rashi
ועשית לאהרן ולבניו ככה. שנה הכתוב וכפל לעכב, שאם חסר דבר אחד מכל האמור בענין, לא נתמלאו ידיהם להיות כהנים, ועבודתם פסולה:
So shall you do for Aharon and his sons. Scripture now repeats [to indicate that everything above is] critical, i.e., that if there is lacking any one thing from all that is mentioned in this section they will not have been installed to be kohanim and their korbonos-service will be invalid.
אתכה. כמו אותך:
You. [אֹתָכָה is] the same as אוֹתָךְ .
שבעת ימים תמלא וגו'. בענין הזה ובקרבנות הללו בכל יום:
Seven days shall you install, etc. — in this manner and with these korbonos every single day.
וּפַר חַטָּאת תַּעֲשֶׂה לַיּוֹם עַל־הַכִּפֻּרִים וְחִטֵּאתָ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ בְּכַפֶּרְךָ עָלָיו וּמָֽשַׁחְתָּ אֹתוֹ לְקַדְּשֽׁוֹ׃
Offer a bull for a sin-offering each day for atonement; and by sprinkling [its blood] on the altar you will purify it [the altar.] You shall then anoint it to sanctify it.
Offer a bull for a sin-offering each day for atonement; and by sprinkling [its blood] on the altar you will purify it [the altar.] You shall then anoint it to sanctify it.
Rashi
על הכפורים. בשביל הכפורים, לכפר על המזבח מכל זרות ותיעוב, ולפי שנאמר שבעת ימים תמלא ידם, אין לי אלא דבר הבא בשבילם, כגון האילים והלחם, אבל הבא בשביל המזבח, כגון פר שהוא לְחִטּוּי המזבח, לא שמענו, לכך הוצרך מקרא זה. ומדרש תורת כהנים (מילואים ט"ו) אומר, כפרת המזבח הוצרך, שמא התנדב איש דבר גזול במלאכת המשכן והמזבח:
For atonement. [Meaning:] for atonement to atone for the altar from being “strange” and objectionable. Having said [in the previous verse]: “seven days you shall install them,” I would know only [that the rule that omission of any procedure invalidates the installation applies to] something that is offered for their (i.e., the kohanim’s) sake, for example the rams and the bread; but that which is offered for the sake of the altar, for example, the young bull which is for the atonement of the altar, we may not infer [that it is critical]. Therefore this verse becomes necessary. A Midrash in Toras Kohanim states: an atonement for the altar was necessary lest a person donated a stolen item for the work of the mishkon and the altar.
וחטאת. וּתְדַכֵּי, לשון מתנת דמים הנתונים באצבע קרוי חטוי:
Purify. [As Onkelos translates it:] וּתְדַכֵּי — “purify it.” The term for the placing of blood with the finger is called חִטּוּי .
ומשחת אותו. בשמן המשחה, וכל המשיחות כמין כ"ף יונית:
You shall then anoint it — With the anointing oil. All anointings are in the form of the Greek letter chi.
שִׁבְעַת יָמִים תְּכַפֵּר עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ אֹתוֹ וְהָיָה הַמִּזְבֵּחַ קֹדֶשׁ קׇֽדָשִׁים כׇּל־הַנֹּגֵעַ בַּמִּזְבֵּחַ יִקְדָּֽשׁ׃ {ס}
For seven days you shall make atonement for the altar and sanctify it and thus the altar will be Holy of Holies. Anything that touches the altar becomes sacred.
For seven days you shall make atonement for the altar and sanctify it and thus the altar will be Holy of Holies. Anything that touches the altar becomes sacred.
Rashi
והיה המזבח קדש. ומה היא קדושתו, כל הנוגע במזבח יקדש, אפילו קרבן פסול שעלה עליו, קדשו המזבח להכשירו שלא ירד, מתוך שנאמר כל הנוגע וגו' יקדש, שומע אני בין ראוי בין שאינו ראוי, כגון דבר שלא היה פסולו בקדש, כגון הרובע והנרבע, ומוקצה, ונעבד, והטריפה, וכיוצא בהן, תלמוד לומר וזה אשר תעשה, הסמוך אחריו, מה עולה ראויה אף כל ראויה (ת"כ ו, ב. — זבחים פג:), שנראה לו כבר ונפסל משבא לעזרה, כגון הלן, והיוצא, והטמא, ושנשחט במחשבת חוץ לזמנו וחוץ למקומו, וכיוצא בהן:
The altar shall be holy [of holies]. In what way does its holiness manifest itself? Anything that touches the altar shall become holy. Even if an invalid korbon is placed on it the altar sanctifies it to validate it [to the degree] that it is not removed. Since it is said, “Anything that touches the altar shall become holy,” This might lead me to think [that this applies] whether it is fit or unfit, for example, something whose disqualification did not occur within the holy place, such as an animal used for bestiality, or one set aside [as a korbon for an idol], or one worshipped [as an idol], or one that is injured in a critical organ, and the like. The Torah therefore states: “And this is what you shall offer [on the altar],” which follows immediately after this; Just as the burnt-offering [of the next verse] is fit, so, too, [in this verse] only that which is fit [i.e.] that it was fit earlier on and became unfit only after being brought into the courtyard [of the Beis Hamikdosh or mishkon], for example, [parts to be burnt that were off the altar] overnight, or if they [the parts to be burnt] were taken out [of their designated place], or if they [the parts to be burnt] became ritually unclean, or if it was slaughtered with the thought [of eating it] outside the time allotted for it or outside the place allotted for it and the like.
וְזֶה אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשֶׂה עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ כְּבָשִׂים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָה שְׁנַיִם לַיּוֹם תָּמִֽיד׃
And this is what you shall offer upon the altar: two yearling lambs each day, continually.
And this is what you shall offer upon the altar: two yearling lambs each day, continually.
אֶת־הַכֶּבֶשׂ הָאֶחָד תַּעֲשֶׂה בַבֹּקֶר וְאֵת הַכֶּבֶשׂ הַשֵּׁנִי תַּעֲשֶׂה בֵּין הָעַרְבָּֽיִם׃
Offer one lamb in the morning and offer the second lamb in the afternoon.
Offer one lamb in the morning and offer the second lamb in the afternoon.
וְעִשָּׂרֹן סֹלֶת בָּלוּל בְּשֶׁמֶן כָּתִית רֶבַע הַהִין וְנֵסֶךְ רְבִיעִת הַהִין יָיִן לַכֶּבֶשׂ הָאֶחָֽד׃
And a tenth [of an ephah] of fine flour mixed with one fourth of a hin of pressed olive oil, and a libation of a fourth of a hin of wine for the first lamb.
And a tenth [of an ephah] of fine flour mixed with one fourth of a hin of pressed olive oil, and a libation of a fourth of a hin of wine for the first lamb.
Rashi
ועשרון סולת. עשירית האיפה, מ"ג ביצים וחומש ביצה:
וְעִשָׂרוֹן סֹלֶת . A tenth of an eipha — [equivalent to] forty three and one-fifth eggs.
בשמן כתית. לא לחובה נאמר כתית, אלא להכשיר, לפי שנאמר כתית למאור, ומשמע למאור ולא למנחות, יכול לפסלו למנחות, תלמוד לומר כאן כתית, ולא נאמר כתית למאור אלא למעט מנחות שאין צריך כתית, שאף הטחון ברחיים כשר בהן (מנחות פו.):
Pressed [olive] oil. It is not said here so as to make it mandatory but, rather, only to teach that it is fit [for menachos]. [This needs to be said] since it had said: “crushed for lighting,” and it might, therefore, be inferred [that it is fit] “for lighting but not for menachos,” and one might rule it unfit for menachos. Therefore, the Torah states here: “pressed.” The only reason that it stated “pressed for lighting” was to exclude menachos [in the sense] that pressed [oil] is not mandatory for also [oil derived] by grinding [olives] in a mill is fit for them (the menachos).
רבע ההין. שלשה לוגין:
One fourth of a hin. — three logs.
ונסך. לספלים, כמו ששנינו במסכת סוכה (מח.), שני ספלים של כסף היו בראש המזבח, ומנוקבים כמין שני חוטמין דקים, נותן היין לתוכו, והוא מקלח ויוצא דרך החוטם, ונופל על גג המזבח, ומשם יורד לשיתין במזבח בית עולמים, ובמזבח הנחשת יורד מן המזבח לארץ:
And a libation — for the bowls, as we learned in Tractate Succah: There were two silver bowls on top of the altar which were punctured forming two thin “nostrils.” He pours the wine in and it runs out throughout the “nostril” and falls on the roof of the altar. From there it runs down [a hole] into the crevices. In the case of the altar of the Beis Hamikdosh, and in the case of the copper altar [of the mishkon] it ran down from the altar to the ground.
וְאֵת הַכֶּבֶשׂ הַשֵּׁנִי תַּעֲשֶׂה בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם כְּמִנְחַת הַבֹּקֶר וּכְנִסְכָּהּ תַּֽעֲשֶׂה־לָּהּ לְרֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ אִשֶּׁה לַיהֹוָֽה׃
Offer the second lamb in the afternoon. As the meal-offering of the morning together with its libation, shall you offer it, for a pleasing fragrance, a fire-offering to Adonoy.
Offer the second lamb in the afternoon. As the meal-offering of the morning together with its libation, shall you offer it, for a pleasing fragrance, a fire-offering to Adonoy.
Rashi
לריח ניחוח. על המנחה נאמר, שמנחת נסכים כולה כליל, וסדר הקרבתם, האיברים בתחלה ואחר כך המנחה, שנאמר עֹלָה וּמִנְחָה (ויקרא כג, לז):
For a pleasing fragrance. This refers to the minchah [as well] because the minchah of the libations is entirely consumed on the altar. The order of their sacrifice is as follows: first the limbs [of the animal] followed by the minchah for it states: “the burnt-offering and the minchah.”
עֹלַת תָּמִיד לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם פֶּתַח אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵד לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה אֲשֶׁר אִוָּעֵד לָכֶם שָׁמָּה לְדַבֵּר אֵלֶיךָ שָֽׁם׃
This shall be a continual burnt-offering for your generations. [It shall be offered] at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, before Adonoy, where I will meet with you, to speak to you there.
This shall be a continual burnt-offering for your generations. [It shall be offered] at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, before Adonoy, where I will meet with you, to speak to you there.
Rashi
תמיד. מיום אל יום, ולא יפסיק יום בנתיים:
Continual — on a daily basis without ever interrupting for a day.
אשר אועד לכם. כשאקבע מועד לדבר אליך, שם אקבענו לבא. ויש מרבותינו למדים מכאן, שמעל מזבח הנחשת היה הקב"ה מדבר עם משה משהוקם המשכן, ויש אומרים מעל הכפורת כמו שנאמר וְדִבַּרְתִּי אִתְּךָ מֵעַל הַכַּפֹּרֶת (שמות כה, כב). ואשר אועד לכם האמור כאן אינו אמור על המזבח, אלא על אהל מועד הנזכר במקרא:
Where I will meet with you — “when I will set a time of meeting to speak to you that is where I will set it.” Some of our Sages derive from here that it was from the copper altar that God spoke to Moshe once the mishkon was erected. Others, however, say that it was from above the Ark-Cover as it is said: “I will speak with you from above the Ark-Cover,” “[and] where I will meet with you,” which is said here does not refer to the altar but, rather, to the Tent of Meeting which is mentioned [as well] in this verse.
וְנֹעַדְתִּי שָׁמָּה לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְנִקְדַּשׁ בִּכְבֹדִֽי׃
It is there that I will meet with the B’nei Yisrael, and it will be sanctified with My Glory.
It is there that I will meet with the B’nei Yisrael, and it will be sanctified with My Glory.
Rashi
ונועדתי שמה. אתועד עמם בדבור, כמלך הקובע מקום מועד לדבר עם עבדיו שם:
It is there that I will meet. [I.e.] “I will meet with them by speaking,” as a king who sets a meeting place where he will speak with his servants.
ונקדש. המשכן:
And it will be sanctified. [I.e.,] the mishkon —
בכבודי. שתשרה שכינתי בו. ומדרש אגדה, אל תקרי בכבודי אלא במכובדי, במכובדים שלי, כאן רמז לו מיתת בני אהרן ביום הקמתו, וזהו שאמר משה הוּא אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר ה' לֵאמֹר בִּקְרֹבַי אֶקָּדֵשׁ (ויקרא י, ג), והיכן דִּבֶּר, ונקדש בכבודי:
with My Glory — for My Shechinah will rest in it. A midrashic explanation: Do not read it בִּכְבוֹדִי — “with My Glory” but, rather בִּכְבוּדַי — “by those honored by Me.” Here He intimated to him regarding the death of Aharon’s sons on the day it (the mishkon) was erected. This is what Moshe referred to when he said: “That is what God said, ‘through those who are near to me will I be sanctified.’” Where did He say this? [When he said,] וְנִקְדַּשׁ בִּכְבוֹדִי”
וְקִדַּשְׁתִּי אֶת־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וְאֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְאֶת־אַהֲרֹן וְאֶת־בָּנָיו אֲקַדֵּשׁ לְכַהֵן לִֽי׃
I will sanctify the Tent of Meeting and the altar, and Aharon and his sons I will sanctify to serve Me as kohanim.
I will sanctify the Tent of Meeting and the altar, and Aharon and his sons I will sanctify to serve Me as kohanim.
וְשָׁכַנְתִּי בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְהָיִיתִי לָהֶם לֵאלֹהִֽים׃
I will dwell among the B’nei Yisrael, and I will be their God.
I will dwell among the B’nei Yisrael, and I will be their God.
וְיָדְעוּ כִּי אֲנִי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵיהֶם אֲשֶׁר הוֹצֵאתִי אֹתָם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם לְשׇׁכְנִי בְתוֹכָם אֲנִי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ {פ}
They will know that I, Adonoy, am their God who brought them out of the land of Egypt to dwell among them. I am Adonoy, their God.
They will know that I, Adonoy, am their God who brought them out of the land of Egypt to dwell among them. I am Adonoy, their God.
Rashi
לשכני בתוכם. על מנת לשכון אני בתוכם:
To dwell among them. I.e., with the stipulation that I dwell among them.
Shemot 30
וְעָשִׂיתָ מִזְבֵּחַ מִקְטַר קְטֹרֶת עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים תַּעֲשֶׂה אֹתֽוֹ׃
You shall make an altar to burn incense. Make it out of Acacia wood.
You shall make an altar to burn incense. Make it out of Acacia wood.
Rashi
מקטר קטורת. להעלות עליו קיטור עשן סמים:
To burn incense. [I.e.] to raise up on it burning smoke of incense.
אַמָּה אׇרְכּוֹ וְאַמָּה רׇחְבּוֹ רָבוּעַ יִהְיֶה וְאַמָּתַיִם קֹמָתוֹ מִמֶּנּוּ קַרְנֹתָֽיו׃
It shall be one amoh long and one amoh wide, it shall be a square, and two amohs high. Its horn-like elevations shall be of one piece with it.
It shall be one amoh long and one amoh wide, it shall be a square, and two amohs high. Its horn-like elevations shall be of one piece with it.
וְצִפִּיתָ אֹתוֹ זָהָב טָהוֹר אֶת־גַּגּוֹ וְאֶת־קִירֹתָיו סָבִיב וְאֶת־קַרְנֹתָיו וְעָשִׂיתָ לּוֹ זֵר זָהָב סָבִֽיב׃
You shall overlay it with pure gold, on its top, its walls all around, and its horn-like elevations, and make a gold crown-like rim all around it.
You shall overlay it with pure gold, on its top, its walls all around, and its horn-like elevations, and make a gold crown-like rim all around it.
Rashi
את גגו. זה היה לו גג, אבל מזבח העולה לא היה לו גג, אלא ממלאים חללו אדמה בכל חנייתם:
Its top. This [altar] had a top whereas the altar of the burnt-offering had no top, but its hollow was filled with earth in all their encampments.
זר זהב. סימן הוא לכתר כהונה:
A gold crown-like rim. This is symbolic of the crown of priesthood.
וּשְׁתֵּי טַבְּעֹת זָהָב תַּֽעֲשֶׂה־לּוֹ ׀ מִתַּחַת לְזֵרוֹ עַל שְׁתֵּי צַלְעֹתָיו תַּעֲשֶׂה עַל־שְׁנֵי צִדָּיו וְהָיָה לְבָתִּים לְבַדִּים לָשֵׂאת אֹתוֹ בָּהֵֽמָּה׃
Make two gold rings for it under its crown-like rim, on two of its corners. Make them on its two opposite sides. They will house the poles with which it is carried.
Make two gold rings for it under its crown-like rim, on two of its corners. Make them on its two opposite sides. They will house the poles with which it is carried.
Rashi
צלעותיו. כאן הוא לשון זויות כתרגומו, לפי שנאמר על שני צדיו, על שתי זויותיו שבשני צדיו:
צַלְעֹתָיו . Here it has the meaning of “corners” as Onkelos [also] translates it [זִוְיָתֵיה], since the verse [goes on to] state: “on its sides.” [The phrase therefore means:] “on its two corners which are at its two sides.A
והיה. מעשה הטבעות האלה:
(See illustration on page 205.) They (it) will be. [“It” refers to] the making of these rings.
לבתים לבדים. לכל בית תהיה הטבעת לבד:
To house the poles. The ring itself will be “the house.”
וְעָשִׂיתָ אֶת־הַבַּדִּים עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים וְצִפִּיתָ אֹתָם זָהָֽב׃
Make the poles out of acacia wood and overlay them with gold.
Make the poles out of acacia wood and overlay them with gold.
וְנָתַתָּה אֹתוֹ לִפְנֵי הַפָּרֹכֶת אֲשֶׁר עַל־אֲרֹן הָעֵדֻת לִפְנֵי הַכַּפֹּרֶת אֲשֶׁר עַל־הָעֵדֻת אֲשֶׁר אִוָּעֵד לְךָ שָֽׁמָּה׃
Place it in front of the paroches that is by the Ark of the Testimony, in front of the covering that is on the Testimony where I will meet with you there.
Place it in front of the paroches that is by the Ark of the Testimony, in front of the covering that is on the Testimony where I will meet with you there.
Rashi
לפני הפרכת. שמא תאמר משוך מכנגד הארון לצפון או לדרום, תלמוד לומר לפני הכפרת, מכוון כנגד הארון מבחוץ:
In front of the paroches. Lest you say that it should be somewhat drawn away from being exactly opposite the Ark, to the North or to the South; therefore the Torah says: “in front of the covering,” i.e., exactly opposite the Ark on the outside.
וְהִקְטִיר עָלָיו אַהֲרֹן קְטֹרֶת סַמִּים בַּבֹּקֶר בַּבֹּקֶר בְּהֵיטִיבוֹ אֶת־הַנֵּרֹת יַקְטִירֶֽנָּה׃
Aharon shall burn upon it incense of spices. Every morning when he cleans the lamps, he shall burn it.
Aharon shall burn upon it incense of spices. Every morning when he cleans the lamps, he shall burn it.
Rashi
בהיטיבו. לשון נקוי הבזיכין של המנורה מדשן הפתילות שנשרפו בלילה, והיה מטיבן בכל בקר ובקר:
When he cleans. [Meaning:] the cleaning of the cups of the menorah from the ashes of the wicks that burnt through the night and he cleaned them out every morning.
הנרות. לוצי"ש בלע"ז, וכן כל נרות האמורות במנורה, חוץ ממקום שנאמר שם העלאה, שהוא לשון הדלקה:
The lamps. Loces (lamps) in Old French. This is the meaning of נֵרוֹת whenever they are mentioned in connection with the menorah, except those places where it says any form of הַעֲלָאָה (to cause [the flame] to ascend) which is a term used for “lighting.”
וּבְהַעֲלֹת אַהֲרֹן אֶת־הַנֵּרֹת בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם יַקְטִירֶנָּה קְטֹרֶת תָּמִיד לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם׃
And when Aharon lights the lamps in the afternoon, he shall burn it. It is a continual incense -offering before Adonoy for your generations.
And when Aharon lights the lamps in the afternoon, he shall burn it. It is a continual incense -offering before Adonoy for your generations.
Rashi
ובהעלות. כשידליקם להעלות להבתן:
And when he lights. [I.e.] when he will light them so that their flame ascends.
יקטירנה. בכל יום, פרס מקטיר שחרית, ופרס מקטיר בין הערבים:
He shall burn it — every single day. He burns one pras in the morning and one pras in the afternoon.
לֹא־תַעֲלוּ עָלָיו קְטֹרֶת זָרָה וְעֹלָה וּמִנְחָה וְנֵסֶךְ לֹא תִסְּכוּ עָלָֽיו׃
Do not bring upon it strange [unauthorized] incense; neither burnt-offerings nor meal-offerings. You shall not pour a libation-offering upon it.
Do not bring upon it strange [unauthorized] incense; neither burnt-offerings nor meal-offerings. You shall not pour a libation-offering upon it.
Rashi
לא תעלו עליו. על מזבח זה:
Do not bring upon it. [I.e.] upon this altar.
קטרת זרה. שום קטורת של נדבה, כולן זרות לו חוץ מזו:
Strange incense. [I.e.] any incense that is a voluntary offering, they are all “strange” to it, except for this one.
ועולה ומנחה. ולא עולה ומנחה. עולה של בהמה ועוף, ומנחה היא של לחם:
Neither burnt offerings nor meal-offerings. [Meaning:] neither burnt-offering nor meal-offering. עוֹלָה is an animal or bird korbon whereas מִנְחָה is one of bread.
וְכִפֶּר אַהֲרֹן עַל־קַרְנֹתָיו אַחַת בַּשָּׁנָה מִדַּם חַטַּאת הַכִּפֻּרִים אַחַת בַּשָּׁנָה יְכַפֵּר עָלָיו לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם קֹֽדֶשׁ־קׇדָשִׁים הוּא לַיהֹוָֽה׃ {פ}
Aharon shall make atonement on its horn-like elevations once each year. With the blood of the sin-offering of atonement, he shall make atonement on it once each year for your generations. It is Holy of Holies to Adonoy.
Aharon shall make atonement on its horn-like elevations once each year. With the blood of the sin-offering of atonement, he shall make atonement on it once each year for your generations. It is Holy of Holies to Adonoy.
Rashi
וכפר אהרן. מתן דמים:
Aharon shall make atonement — by means of placing the blood.
אחת בשנה. ביום הכפורים, הוא שנאמר באחרי מות וְיָצָא אֶל הַמִּזְבֵּח אֲשֶׁר לִפְנֵי ה' וְכִפֶּר עָלָיו (ויקרא טז, יח):
Once each year — on Yom Kippur. This is what is referred to when is said in Parshas Acharei Mos: “He shall go out to the altar that is before God and bring about atonement upon it.”
חטאת הכפרים. הם פר ושעיר של יום הכפורים, המכפרים על טומאת מקדש וקדשיו:
The sin-offering of atonement. They are the bull and goat of Yom Kippur which atone for the uncleanness and the mikdosh and its holy things (korbonos).
קדש קדשים. המזבח מקודש לדברים הללו בלבד, ולא לעבודה אחרת:
Holy of Holies. The altar is sanctified exclusively for these things and for no other service.
זך. בלי שמרים, כמו ששנינו במנחות (פו.), מגרגרו בראש הזית וכו':
Clear — without sediment, as we have learned in Tractate Menachos: “He lets it (i.e., the olive) ripen on top of the olive tree, etc.”