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33:1

וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵךְ עֲלֵה מִזֶּה אַתָּה וְהָעָם אֲשֶׁר הֶֽעֱלִיתָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם אֶל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי לְאַבְרָהָם לְיִצְחָק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹב לֵאמֹר לְזַרְעֲךָ אֶתְּנֶֽנָּה׃

Adonoy spoke to Moshe, “Leave, go up from this [place]—you and the people you brought up from the land of Egypt—to the land of which I swore to Avraham, to Yitzchok and to Yaakov, saying, ‘To your descendants I will give it.’

Adonoy spoke to Moshe, “Leave, go up from this [place]—you and the people you brought up from the land of Egypt—to the land of which I swore to Avraham, to Yitzchok and to Yaakov, saying, ‘To your descendants I will give it.’

Rashi

לך עלה מזה. ארץ ישראל גבוה מכל הארצות, לכך נאמר עלה. דבר אחר, כלפי שאמר לו בשעת הכעס לך רד, אמר לו בשעת רצון לך עלה:

Leave, go up from this. Eretz Yisrael is the highest of all the lands. Therefore it says: “Go up.” An alternate explanation [for the expression: “Go up”]: as opposed to what He said to him in time of anger: “Go down,” He said to him in time of good-will “Go up.”

אתה והעם. כאן לא אמר ועמך:

You and the people. Here he did not say: “and your people.”

33:2

וְשָׁלַחְתִּי לְפָנֶיךָ מַלְאָךְ וְגֵֽרַשְׁתִּי אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי הָֽאֱמֹרִי וְהַֽחִתִּי וְהַפְּרִזִּי הַחִוִּי וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃

I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out the Canaanites, the Emorites, the Chitites, the Perizites, the Chivites, and the Yevusites.

I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out the Canaanites, the Emorites, the Chitites, the Perizites, the Chivites, and the Yevusites.

Rashi

וגרשתי את הכנעני וגו'. ששה אומות הן, והגרגשי עמד ופנה מפניהם מאליו:

And I will drive out the Canaanites, etc. These are [only] six nations. [This is because] the Girgashite nation got up and cleared out on their own from before them.

33:3

אֶל־אֶרֶץ זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָשׁ כִּי לֹא אֶֽעֱלֶה בְּקִרְבְּךָ כִּי עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹרֶף אַתָּה פֶּן־אֲכֶלְךָ בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃

[You will then] enter a land flowing with milk and honey. [I am sending an angel] for I will not go up among you, for you are a stiff-necked people and I may destroy you along the way.”

[You will then] enter a land flowing with milk and honey. [I am sending an angel] for I will not go up among you, for you are a stiff-necked people and I may destroy you along the way.”

Rashi

אל ארץ זבת חלב ודבש. אני אומר לך להעלותם:

To a land flowing with milk and honey — do I tell you to bring them up.

כי לא אעלה בקרבך. לכן אני אומר לך ושלחתי לפניך מלאך:

For I will not go up among you. It is for this reason that I say to you “I will send an angel before you.”

כי עם קשה עורף אתה. וכששכינתי בקרבכם ואתם ממרים בי, מרבה אני עליכם זעם:

For you are a stiff-necked people — and when My Shechinah is among you and you are rebellious against Me it causes Me to increase My anger against you.

אכלך. לשון כליון:

Destroy you. אֲכֶלְךָ comes from כִּלָיוֹן — “destruction.”

33:4

וַיִּשְׁמַע הָעָם אֶת־הַדָּבָר הָרָע הַזֶּה וַיִּתְאַבָּלוּ וְלֹא־שָׁתוּ אִישׁ עֶדְיוֹ עָלָֽיו׃

When the people heard this bad news they mourned and no man wore his ornaments [crowns].

When the people heard this bad news they mourned and no man wore his ornaments [crowns].

Rashi

הדבר הרע. שאין השכינה שורה ומהלכת עמם:

This bad news — that the Shechinah will not reside or go with them.

איש עדיו. כתרים שניתנו להם בחורב כשאמרו נעשה ונשמע (שבת פח.):

[No] man [wore] his ornament. [This refers to] the crowns given to them at Chorev when they responded, “We shall do and we shall listen.”

33:5

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה אֱמֹר אֶל־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אַתֶּם עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹרֶף רֶגַע אֶחָד אֶֽעֱלֶה בְקִרְבְּךָ וְכִלִּיתִיךָ וְעַתָּה הוֹרֵד עֶדְיְךָ מֵֽעָלֶיךָ וְאֵדְעָה מָה אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ׃

Adonoy said to Moshe, “Say to the B’nei Yisrael, ‘You are a stiff-necked people. Were I to go up among you for one moment, I would destroy you. Now remove your ornaments and I know what to do with you.’”

Adonoy said to Moshe, “Say to the B’nei Yisrael, ‘You are a stiff-necked people. Were I to go up among you for one moment, I would destroy you. Now remove your ornaments and I know what to do with you.’”

Rashi

רגע אחד אעלה בקרבך וכליתיך. אם אעלה בקרבך ואתם ממרים בי בקשיות ערפכם, אזעום עליכם רגע אחד, שהוא שיעור זעמי, שנאמר חֲבִי כִמְעַט רֶגַע עַד יַעֲבָר זָעַם (ישעיה כו, כ), ואכלה אתכם, לפיכך טוב לכם שאשלח מלאך:

Were I to go up among you for one moment. I would destroy you. “Were I to go up among you, and you would be rebellious against me — in your stubbornness, I would be angry with you for [only] one moment which is the length of time that My anger lasts, as it is said: “Hide for almost a moment, until the anger passes,” and I would destroy you. It is therefore better for you that I send an angel.

ועתה. פורענות זו תלקו מיד, שתורידו עדיכם מעליכם:

And now — this is the punishment that you will receive immediately, that you will remove your ornaments from yourselves.

ואדעה מה אעשה לך. בפקודת שאר העון, אני יודע מה שבלבי לעשות לך:

And I know what to do with you. Insofar as the accounting for the rest of the sin I know what I have in My heart to do to you.

33:6

וַיִּֽתְנַצְּלוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־עֶדְיָם מֵהַר חוֹרֵֽב׃

The B’nei Yisrael took off their ornaments that they had [worn] at Mount Chorev.

The B’nei Yisrael took off their ornaments that they had [worn] at Mount Chorev.

Rashi

את עדים מהר חורב. את הָעֲדִי שהיה בידם מהר חורב:

Their ornaments from Mount Chorev. Their ornaments which they possessed from Mount Chorev.

33:7

וּמֹשֶׁה יִקַּח אֶת־הָאֹהֶל וְנָֽטָה־לוֹ ׀ מִחוּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶה הַרְחֵק מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה וְקָרָא לוֹ אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וְהָיָה כׇּל־מְבַקֵּשׁ יְהֹוָה יֵצֵא אֶל־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד אֲשֶׁר מִחוּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃

Moshe would take the tent and set it up outside the camp, a distance from the camp, and he called it [the] Tent of Meeting. Everyone who sought Adonoy, would go out to the Tent of Meeting that was outside the camp.

Moshe would take the tent and set it up outside the camp, a distance from the camp, and he called it [the] Tent of Meeting. Everyone who sought Adonoy, would go out to the Tent of Meeting that was outside the camp.

Rashi

ומשה. מאותו עון והלאה:

And Moshe — from the time of the sin and on —

יקח את האהל. לשון הווה הוא, לוקח אהלו ונוטהו מחוץ למחנה, אמר, מנודה לרב מנודה לתלמיד:

would take the tent. [יִקַּח] is an ongoing action (present tense): he would take his tent and pitch it outside the encampment. He thought: one who is ostracized by the master ought to be ostracized by the disciple as well.

הרחק. אלפים אמה, כענין שנאמר אַךְ רָחֹוק יִהְיֶה בֵּינֵיכֶם וּבֵינָו כְּאַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה בַּמִּדָּה (יהושע ג, ד):

A distance — of two thousand amohs, similar to what is said: “Only let there be a distance between you (the B’nei Yisrael) and it (the Ark) of about two thousand amohs by measure.”

וקרא לו. והיה קורא לו אהל מועד, הוא בית ועד למבקשי תורה:

And he called it. He would refer to it as Tent of Meeting — a gathering place for those who seek knowledge of Torah.

כל מבקש ה'. מכאן למבקש פני זקן, כמקבל פני שכינה:

Everyone who sought Adonoy. From here [we derive] that one who seeks to be in the presence of an “elder” (a Torah scholar) is as if he is in the presence of the Shechinah.

יצא אל אהל מועד. כמו יוצא. דבר אחר והיה כל מבקש ה', אפילו מלאכי השרת כשהיו שואלים מקום שכינה, חבריהם אומרים להם הרי הוא באהלו של משה:

Would go out to the Tent of Meeting. [יֵצֵא here is] the same [tense] as יוֹצֵא (i.e., present tense). An alternate explanation of וְהָיָה כָּל מְבַקֵּשׁ ה' . Even the ministering angels, when they would inquire as to the place of the Shechinah their fellow-angels would say to them: “But He is there in Moshe’s tent”!

33:8

וְהָיָה כְּצֵאת מֹשֶׁה אֶל־הָאֹהֶל יָקוּמוּ כׇּל־הָעָם וְנִצְּבוּ אִישׁ פֶּתַח אׇהֳלוֹ וְהִבִּיטוּ אַחֲרֵי מֹשֶׁה עַד־בֹּאוֹ הָאֹֽהֱלָה׃

Whenever Moshe went out to the tent, all the people would rise, and each person would stand at the entrance of his tent; and they would gaze after Moshe, until he had gone into the tent.

Whenever Moshe went out to the tent, all the people would rise, and each person would stand at the entrance of his tent; and they would gaze after Moshe, until he had gone into the tent.

Rashi

והיה. לשון הווה:

Whenever. [וְהָיָה is] in the present tense.

כצאת משה מן המחנה. ללכת אל האהל:

Moshe went out — from the encampment to go to the tent —

יקומו כל העם. עומדים מפניו, ואין יושבין עד שנתכסה מהם:

all the people would rise. They would stand up before him and would not sit until he disappeared from view.

והביטו אחרי משה. לשבח, אשרי ילוד אשה שכך מובטח שהשכינה תכנס אחריו לפתח אהלו:

And they would gaze after Moshe — in an admiring way, [saying, in effect:] “Fortunate is one born of woman who is assured that the Shechinah will follow him into the entranceway of his tent.”

33:9

וְהָיָה כְּבֹא מֹשֶׁה הָאֹהֱלָה יֵרֵד עַמּוּד הֶֽעָנָן וְעָמַד פֶּתַח הָאֹהֶל וְדִבֶּר עִם־מֹשֶֽׁה׃

When Moshe had gone into the tent, the Pillar of Cloud would descend and stand at the entrance of the tent, and [Adonoy] would speak to Moshe.

When Moshe had gone into the tent, the Pillar of Cloud would descend and stand at the entrance of the tent, and [Adonoy] would speak to Moshe.

Rashi

ודבר עם משה. כמו ומִדַּבֵּר עם משה. תרגומו וּמִתְמַלֵּל עם משה, שהוא כבוד השכינה, כמו וַיִּשְׁמַע אֶת הַקֹּול מִדַּבֵּר אֵלָיו (במדבר ז, פט), ואינו קורא מְדבר אליו, כשהוא קורא מִדבר פתרונו הקול מדבר בינו לבין עצמו, וההדיוט שומע מאליו, וכשהוא קורא מְדבר, משמע שהמלך מדבר עם ההדיוט:

And would speak with Moshe — the same as וּמְדַבֵּר עִם משֶׁה (present tense). Onkelos translates it וּמִתְמַלֵּל עִם משֶׁה which is respect for the Shechinah, as in: “He heard the voice מִדַבֵּר to him” and it does not read מְדַבֵּר אֵלָיו . Because when it reads מִדַּבֵּר its interpretation is: the Voice speaking to itself which the ordinary person happens to overhear, but when it reads מְדַבֵּר it implies that the king is speaking with the ordinary person.

33:10

וְרָאָה כׇל־הָעָם אֶת־עַמּוּד הֶֽעָנָן עֹמֵד פֶּתַח הָאֹהֶל וְקָם כׇּל־הָעָם וְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲווּ אִישׁ פֶּתַח אׇהֳלֽוֹ׃

When all the people saw the Pillar of Cloud, standing at the entrance of the tent; all the people rose and prostrated themselves, each man at the entrance of his tent.

When all the people saw the Pillar of Cloud, standing at the entrance of the tent; all the people rose and prostrated themselves, each man at the entrance of his tent.

Rashi

והשתחוו. לשכינה:

Prostrated themselves — to the Shechinah.

33:11

וְדִבֶּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה פָּנִים אֶל־פָּנִים כַּאֲשֶׁר יְדַבֵּר אִישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵהוּ וְשָׁב אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה וּמְשָׁרְתוֹ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן־נוּן נַעַר לֹא יָמִישׁ מִתּוֹךְ הָאֹֽהֶל׃ {פ}

Adonoy spoke to Moshe face to face, just as a man speaks to his friend. and [Moshe then] would return to the camp, but his youthful attendant, Yehoshua, son of Nun, did not leave the tent.

Adonoy spoke to Moshe face to face, just as a man speaks to his friend. and [Moshe then] would return to the camp, but his youthful attendant, Yehoshua, son of Nun, did not leave the tent.

Rashi

ודבר ה' אל משה פנים אל פנים. וּמִתְמַלֵּל עם משה:

Adonoy spoke to Moshe face to face. The correct reading of Onkelos is וּמִתְמַלֵּל עִם משֶׁה .

ושב אל המחנה. לאחר שנדבר עמו, היה שב משה אל המחנה, ומלמד לזקנים מה שלמד, והדבר הזה נהג משה מיום הכפורים עד שהוקם המשכן ולא יותר, שהרי בשבעה עשר בתמוז נשתברו הלוחות (תענית כח:), ובי"ח שרף את העגל ודן את החוטאים, ובי"ט עלה, שנאמר וַיְהִי מִמָּחֳרָת וַיֹאמֶר משֶׁה אֶל הָעָם וגו' (שמות לב, ל), ועשה שם ארבעים יום ובקש רחמים, שנאמר וָאֶתְנַפַּל לִפְנֵי ה' וגו' (דברים ט, יח), ובראש חדש אלול נאמר לו ועלית בבקר אל הר סיני, לקבל לוחות האחרונות, ועשה שם מ' יום, שנאמר בהם וְאָנֹכִי עָמַדְתִּי בָהָר כַּיָּמִים הָרִאשֹׁונִים וגו' (שם י, ו), מה הראשונים ברצון אף האחרונים ברצון, אמור מעתה, אמצעיים היו בכעס. בי' בתשרי נתרצה הקב"ה לישראל בשמחה ובלב שלם, ואמר לו למשה סָלַחְתִּי כִּדְבָרֶיך, ומסר לו לוחות אחרונות, וירד והתחיל לצוותן על מלאכת המשכן, ועשאוהו עד אחד בניסן, ומשהוקם לא נדבר עמו עוד, אלא מאהל מועד:

He returned to the camp — after [God’s] conversing with him Moshe would return to the encampment and teach the elders what he had learned. Moshe acted in this way from Yom Kippur until the mishkon was erected but not longer. For on the 17th of Tammuz the tablets were broken and on the 18th he burned the Calf and judged the sinners and on the nineteenth he went up [the mountain], as it says: “The next day Moshe said to the people, etc.” and spent forty days there and asked for mercy [for the B’nei Yisrael], “and he would return to the encampment,” because it is in the present (ongoing) tense. The same applies to this whole section: וְרָאָה כָל הָעָם (v. 10) is וַחֲזַן — “would see,” וְנִצָבוּ (v. 8) is וִקַיְימִין — “they would rise,” וְהִבִּיטוּ (ibid.) is וּמִסְתַּכְּלִין — “they would gaze,” וְהִשְׁתַּחֲווּ (v. 10) is וְסָגְדִין — “they would bow.” But its midrashic explanation is:

ושב אל המחנה. תרגומו וְתָב לְמַשְׁרִיתָא, לפי שהוא לשון הווה, וכן כל הענין, וראה כל העם וחזן, ונצבו וקיימין. והביטו, ומסתכלין. והשתחוו, וְסָגְדִּין. ומדרשו, ודבר ה' אל משה שישוב אל המחנה, אמר לו אני בכעס ואתה בכעס, אם כן מי יקרבם:

God spoke to Moshe that he must return to the encampment; he said to him: “I am angry and you are angry; if so, who will again bring them near to me.”

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

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