Tanach
Shmuel I 23 שמואל א כ״ג
Part of: Setumah, I Samuel 23:1Setumah, I Samuel 23:2Setumah, I Samuel 23:4Setumah, I Samuel 23:6Setumah, I Samuel 23:10Setumah, I Samuel 23:11Setumah, I Samuel 23:12Setumah, I Samuel 23:13Setumah, I Samuel 23:16Setumah, I Samuel 23:19
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיַּגִּדוּ לְדָוִד לֵאמֹר הִנֵּה פְלִשְׁתִּים נִלְחָמִים בִּקְעִילָה וְהֵמָּה שֹׁסִים אֶת־הַגֳּרָנֽוֹת׃
They told Dovid, saying, "Behold, the Philistines are waging war against Ke'iloh and they are plundering the granaries."
They told Dovid, saying, "Behold, the Philistines are waging war against Ke'iloh and they are plundering the granaries."
וַיִּשְׁאַל דָּוִד בַּֽיהֹוָה לֵאמֹר הַאֵלֵךְ וְהִכֵּיתִי בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים הָאֵלֶּה {ס} וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֶל־דָּוִד לֵךְ וְהִכִּיתָ בַפְּלִשְׁתִּים וְהוֹשַׁעְתָּ אֶת־קְעִילָֽה׃
Dovid then inquired of Adonoy, saying, "Shall I go and attack these Philistines?" Adonoy said to Dovid, "Go, attack the Philistines and save Ke'iloh."
Dovid then inquired of Adonoy, saying, "Shall I go and attack these Philistines?" Adonoy said to Dovid, "Go, attack the Philistines and save Ke'iloh."
וַיֹּאמְרוּ אַנְשֵׁי דָוִד אֵלָיו הִנֵּה אֲנַחְנוּ פֹה בִּיהוּדָה יְרֵאִים וְאַף כִּֽי־נֵלֵךְ קְעִלָה אֶל־מַעַרְכוֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ {ס}
Dovid's men said to him, "Behold, here in Yehudah we are afraid; how much more so if we go to Ke'iloh, to the Philistine batallions."
Dovid's men said to him, "Behold, here in Yehudah we are afraid; how much more so if we go to Ke'iloh, to the Philistine batallions."
וַיּוֹסֶף עוֹד דָּוִד לִשְׁאוֹל בַּיהֹוָה וַֽיַּעֲנֵהוּ יְהֹוָה וַיֹּאמֶר קוּם רֵד קְעִילָה כִּי־אֲנִי נֹתֵן אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּים בְּיָדֶֽךָ׃
Dovid inquired further of Adonoy, and Adonoy answered him and said, "Rise, go down to Ke'iloh, for I will deliver the Philistines into your hand."
Dovid inquired further of Adonoy, and Adonoy answered him and said, "Rise, go down to Ke'iloh, for I will deliver the Philistines into your hand."
וַיֵּלֶךְ דָּוִד וַאֲנָשָׁו קְעִילָה וַיִּלָּחֶם בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים וַיִּנְהַג אֶת־מִקְנֵיהֶם וַיַּךְ בָּהֶם מַכָּה גְדוֹלָה וַיֹּשַׁע דָּוִד אֵת יֹשְׁבֵי קְעִילָֽה׃ {ס}
Dovid and his men went to Ke'iloh and fought the Philistines; he led away their livestock and struck them a great blow. Thus Dovid saved the residents of Ke'iloh.
Dovid and his men went to Ke'iloh and fought the Philistines; he led away their livestock and struck them a great blow. Thus Dovid saved the residents of Ke'iloh.
וַיְהִי בִּבְרֹחַ אֶבְיָתָר בֶּן־אֲחִימֶלֶךְ אֶל־דָּוִד קְעִילָה אֵפוֹד יָרַד בְּיָדֽוֹ׃
When Evyosor son of Achimelech fled to Dovid to Ke'iloh, he brought down the eiphod with him.
When Evyosor son of Achimelech fled to Dovid to Ke'iloh, he brought down the eiphod with him.
וַיֻּגַּד לְשָׁאוּל כִּי־בָא דָוִד קְעִילָה וַיֹּאמֶר שָׁאוּל נִכַּר אֹתוֹ אֱלֹהִים בְּיָדִי כִּי נִסְגַּר לָבוֹא בְּעִיר דְּלָתַיִם וּבְרִֽיחַ׃
It was told to Shaul that Dovid had come Ke'iloh, and Shaul said, "God has given him into my hand, for he has been shut in by entering a city that has doors and a bolt."
It was told to Shaul that Dovid had come Ke'iloh, and Shaul said, "God has given him into my hand, for he has been shut in by entering a city that has doors and a bolt."
Rashi
נסגר לבא בעיר דלתים ובריח. ויבטח בכך, ולא יחוש לברוח ממנו:
For he has been shut in by entering a city that has doors and a bolt. He will rely on that, and will not care to flee from it.
וַיְשַׁמַּע שָׁאוּל אֶת־כׇּל־הָעָם לַמִּלְחָמָה לָרֶדֶת קְעִילָה לָצוּר אֶל־דָּוִד וְאֶל־אֲנָשָֽׁיו׃
Shaul summoned all the people for war, to go down to Ke'iloh to besiege Dovid and his men.
Shaul summoned all the people for war, to go down to Ke'iloh to besiege Dovid and his men.
וַיֵּדַע דָּוִד כִּי עָלָיו שָׁאוּל מַחֲרִישׁ הָרָעָה וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־אֶבְיָתָר הַכֹּהֵן הַגִּישָׁה הָאֵפֽוֹד׃ {ס}
Dovid knew that Shaul was planning evil against him, so he said to Evyosor the kohein, "Bring over the eiphod."
Dovid knew that Shaul was planning evil against him, so he said to Evyosor the kohein, "Bring over the eiphod."
Rashi
מחריש הרעה. (תרגום:) כמין ית בישתא:
Planning evil. Plotting the evil.
וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִד יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל שָׁמֹעַ שָׁמַע עַבְדְּךָ כִּֽי־מְבַקֵּשׁ שָׁאוּל לָבוֹא אֶל־קְעִילָה לְשַׁחֵת לָעִיר בַּעֲבוּרִֽי׃
Dovid said, "Adonoy, God of Yisroel, Your servant has heard that Shaul seeks to come to Ke'iloh to destroy the city because of me.
Dovid said, "Adonoy, God of Yisroel, Your servant has heard that Shaul seeks to come to Ke'iloh to destroy the city because of me.
הֲיַסְגִּרֻנִי בַעֲלֵי קְעִילָה בְיָדוֹ הֲיֵרֵד שָׁאוּל כַּֽאֲשֶׁר שָׁמַע עַבְדֶּךָ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הַגֶּד־נָא לְעַבְדֶּךָ {ס} וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה יֵרֵֽד׃ {ס}
Will Ke'iloh's residents hand me over into his hand? Will Shaul come down here, as Your servant has heard? O Adonoy God of Yisroel, please tell Your servant." And Adonoy said, "He will come down."
Will Ke'iloh's residents hand me over into his hand? Will Shaul come down here, as Your servant has heard? O Adonoy God of Yisroel, please tell Your servant." And Adonoy said, "He will come down."
Rashi
היסגרוני בעלי קעילה וגו'. למדנו מכאן, שהשואל שני דברים, אין משיבין לו אלא אחד, ואין משיבין לו אלא ראשון, וכאן דוד שאל שלא כסדר, שהיה לו לשאול תחילה הירד שאול, היסגרוני בידו, והשיבוהו כסדר:
Will Keilah's residents hand me over… This teaches us that one who consults regarding two matters, receives a reply concerning only one, and that reply concerns the first one. And here, Dovid asked in an inverted order,3Perhaps Dovid asked the questions in an inverted order because he was primarily interested whether Ke’ilah’s residents would hand him over to Shaul. He had assumed that Shaul would pursue him. because he should have first asked,4See Maseches Yoma 73a. Dovid should have asked first what were Shaul’s intentions and then whether Ke’ilah’s residents would hand him over to Shaul. He was answered on the question that he should have asked first that “he [Shaul] will go down.” "Will Shaul come down? Will [the residents of Keilah] hand me over?" But he was answered according to the [proper] order.
וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִד הֲיַסְגִּרוּ בַּעֲלֵי קְעִילָה אֹתִי וְאֶת־אֲנָשַׁי בְּיַד־שָׁאוּל וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה יַסְגִּֽירוּ׃ {ס}
Dovid said, "Will Ke'iloh's residents hand me and my men over into Shaul's hand?" And Adonoy said, "They will hand [you] over."
Dovid said, "Will Ke'iloh's residents hand me and my men over into Shaul's hand?" And Adonoy said, "They will hand [you] over."
וַיָּקׇם דָּוִד וַאֲנָשָׁיו כְּשֵׁשׁ־מֵאוֹת אִישׁ וַיֵּֽצְאוּ מִקְּעִלָה וַיִּֽתְהַלְּכוּ בַּאֲשֶׁר יִתְהַלָּכוּ וּלְשָׁאוּל הֻגַּד כִּֽי־נִמְלַט דָּוִד מִקְּעִילָה וַיֶּחְדַּל לָצֵֽאת׃
Dovid and his men rose—about six hundred men—and departed from Ke'iloh and went wherever they could go. Shaul was told that Dovid had escaped from Ke'iloh, and he refrained from going out.
Dovid and his men rose—about six hundred men—and departed from Ke'iloh and went wherever they could go. Shaul was told that Dovid had escaped from Ke'iloh, and he refrained from going out.
Rashi
באשר יתהלכו. (תרגום:) באתר דכשר להלכא, במקום הצלתם:
Wherever they could go. In a place where it is proper to go, in a place where they would be saved.
וַיֵּשֶׁב דָּוִד בַּמִּדְבָּר בַּמְּצָדוֹת וַיֵּשֶׁב בָּהָר בְּמִדְבַּר־זִיף וַיְבַקְשֵׁהוּ שָׁאוּל כׇּל־הַיָּמִים וְלֹֽא־נְתָנוֹ אֱלֹהִים בְּיָדֽוֹ׃
Dovid dwelled in the wilderness, in strongholds, and he stayed in the mountain, in the wilderness of Ziph. Shaul searched for him all the days, but God did not deliver him into his hand.
Dovid dwelled in the wilderness, in strongholds, and he stayed in the mountain, in the wilderness of Ziph. Shaul searched for him all the days, but God did not deliver him into his hand.
וַיַּרְא דָּוִד כִּֽי־יָצָא שָׁאוּל לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ וְדָוִד בְּמִדְבַּר־זִיף בַּחֹֽרְשָׁה׃ {ס}
Dovid saw that Shaul had gone out to seek his life, and Dovid was in the wilderness of Ziph, in Chorshoh.
Dovid saw that Shaul had gone out to seek his life, and Dovid was in the wilderness of Ziph, in Chorshoh.
וַיָּקׇם יְהוֹנָתָן בֶּן־שָׁאוּל וַיֵּלֶךְ אֶל־דָּוִד חֹרְשָׁה וַיְחַזֵּק אֶת־יָדוֹ בֵּאלֹהִֽים׃
Yonoson son of Shaul rose and went to Dovid to Chorshoh, and he strengthened his hand through [the word of] God.
Yonoson son of Shaul rose and went to Dovid to Chorshoh, and he strengthened his hand through [the word of] God.
Rashi
ויחזק את ידו. חידש ברית שביניהם:
And he strengthened his hand. He renewed the covenant which was between them.
וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו אַל־תִּירָא כִּי לֹא תִֽמְצָאֲךָ יַד שָׁאוּל אָבִי וְאַתָּה תִּמְלֹךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָנֹכִי אֶהְיֶה־לְּךָ לְמִשְׁנֶה וְגַם־שָׁאוּל אָבִי יֹדֵעַ כֵּֽן׃
He said to him, "Fear not, for the hand of my father Shaul will not find you; you will be king over Yisroel, and I will be second to you, even my father Shaul knows it."
He said to him, "Fear not, for the hand of my father Shaul will not find you; you will be king over Yisroel, and I will be second to you, even my father Shaul knows it."
וַיִּכְרְתוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם בְּרִית לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה וַיֵּשֶׁב דָּוִד בַּחֹרְשָׁה וִיהוֹנָתָן הָלַךְ לְבֵיתֽוֹ׃ {ס}
The two of them made a pact before Adonoy; Dovid stayed in Chorshoh, and Yonoson went to his home.
The two of them made a pact before Adonoy; Dovid stayed in Chorshoh, and Yonoson went to his home.
וַיַּעֲלוּ זִפִים אֶל־שָׁאוּל הַגִּבְעָתָה לֵאמֹר הֲלוֹא דָוִד מִסְתַּתֵּר עִמָּנוּ בַמְּצָדוֹת בַּחֹרְשָׁה בְּגִבְעַת הַחֲכִילָה אֲשֶׁר מִימִין הַיְשִׁימֽוֹן׃
The Ziphites went up to Shaul, to Givah, saying, "Dovid is hiding among us in the strongholds of Chorshoh, in Givas Hachachiloh, south of Yeshimon.
The Ziphites went up to Shaul, to Givah, saying, "Dovid is hiding among us in the strongholds of Chorshoh, in Givas Hachachiloh, south of Yeshimon.
וְעַתָּה לְכׇל־אַוַּת נַפְשְׁךָ הַמֶּלֶךְ לָרֶדֶת רֵד וְלָנוּ הַסְגִּירוֹ בְּיַד הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
So now, whenever the king desires to go down, go down, and it is ours to hand him over into the king's hand."
So now, whenever the king desires to go down, go down, and it is ours to hand him over into the king's hand."
Rashi
ולנו הסגירו. ועלינו להסגירו:
And it is ours to hand him over. It is our obligation to deliver him.
וַיֹּאמֶר שָׁאוּל בְּרוּכִים אַתֶּם לַֽיהֹוָה כִּי חֲמַלְתֶּם עָלָֽי׃
Shaul said, "May you be blessed by Adonoy, for taking pity upon me.
Shaul said, "May you be blessed by Adonoy, for taking pity upon me.
לְכוּ־נָא הָכִינוּ עוֹד וּדְעוּ וּרְאוּ אֶת־מְקוֹמוֹ אֲשֶׁר תִּֽהְיֶה רַגְלוֹ מִי רָאָהוּ שָׁם כִּי אָמַר אֵלַי עָרוֹם יַעְרִם הֽוּא׃
Please go and prepare further, and know and observe his location, where he will be, [and] who has seen him there, for [someone] told me that he is very cunning.
Please go and prepare further, and know and observe his location, where he will be, [and] who has seen him there, for [someone] told me that he is very cunning.
Rashi
כי אמר אלי. מי שאמר:
For [someone] told me. The one who told.5It can also be understood literally, that “he told me…” refers to Dovid. During the period that Dovid served before Shaul, he would describe to Shaul the cunning ways in which he outsmarted the Philistines.—Radak
ערום יערים הוא. מתנהג הוא בערמה, היום כאן, ולמחר במקום אחר, כדי שלא יודע מקומו:
He is very cunning. He is accustomed to behave cunningly, by being in one place today and tomorrow somewhere else, so that his place not be known.
וּרְאוּ וּדְעוּ מִכֹּל הַמַּֽחֲבֹאִים אֲשֶׁר יִתְחַבֵּא שָׁם וְשַׁבְתֶּם אֵלַי אֶל־נָכוֹן וְהָלַכְתִּי אִתְּכֶם וְהָיָה אִם־יֶשְׁנוֹ בָאָרֶץ וְחִפַּשְׂתִּי אֹתוֹ בְּכֹל אַלְפֵי יְהוּדָֽה׃
Observe and know all the hiding places where he hides, and return to me well prepared, then I will go with you. And it will be that if he is in the land, I will search for him among all the thousands of Yehudah."
Observe and know all the hiding places where he hides, and return to me well prepared, then I will go with you. And it will be that if he is in the land, I will search for him among all the thousands of Yehudah."
Rashi
אל נכון. על דבר מכוון ואמת:
Well prepared. With an accurate and true statement.
וַיָּקוּמוּ וַיֵּלְכוּ זִיפָה לִפְנֵי שָׁאוּל וְדָוִד וַאֲנָשָׁיו בְּמִדְבַּר מָעוֹן בָּעֲרָבָה אֶל יְמִין הַיְשִׁימֽוֹן׃
They rose and went to Ziph ahead of Shaul; but Dovid and his men were in the wilderness of Ma'on in the Arovoh, south of Yeshimon.
They rose and went to Ziph ahead of Shaul; but Dovid and his men were in the wilderness of Ma'on in the Arovoh, south of Yeshimon.
Rashi
לפני שאול. שהיה שאול עתיד לילך אחריהם, והם הלכו לפניו לחפש אל נכון:
Ahead of Shaul. For Shaul was destined to go after them, and they went before him, to search exactly [where Dovid was].
וַיֵּלֶךְ שָׁאוּל וַאֲנָשָׁיו לְבַקֵּשׁ וַיַּגִּדוּ לְדָוִד וַיֵּרֶד הַסֶּלַע וַיֵּשֶׁב בְּמִדְבַּר מָעוֹן וַיִּשְׁמַע שָׁאוּל וַיִּרְדֹּף אַחֲרֵֽי־דָוִד מִדְבַּר מָעֽוֹן׃
Shaul and his men went to search, but Dovid was told, so he went down towards the cliff and stayed in the wilderness of Ma'on. Shaul heard and pursued Dovid in the wilderness of Ma'on.
Shaul and his men went to search, but Dovid was told, so he went down towards the cliff and stayed in the wilderness of Ma'on. Shaul heard and pursued Dovid in the wilderness of Ma'on.
וַיֵּלֶךְ שָׁאוּל מִצַּד הָהָר מִזֶּה וְדָוִד וַאֲנָשָׁיו מִצַּד הָהָר מִזֶּה וַיְהִי דָוִד נֶחְפָּז לָלֶכֶת מִפְּנֵי שָׁאוּל וְשָׁאוּל וַאֲנָשָׁיו עֹטְרִים אֶל־דָּוִד וְאֶל־אֲנָשָׁיו לְתׇפְשָֽׂם׃
Shaul went from one side of the mountain while Dovid and his men went from the other side of the mountain; Dovid hurried to get away from Shaul, but Shaul and his men were surrounding Dovid and his men, to seize them.
Shaul went from one side of the mountain while Dovid and his men went from the other side of the mountain; Dovid hurried to get away from Shaul, but Shaul and his men were surrounding Dovid and his men, to seize them.
Rashi
עוטרים. מקיפים וסובבים מצד אל צד, כעטרה המקפת את הראש:
Were surrounding. Encircling and surrounding from side to side, like a crown which encircles the head.
וּמַלְאָךְ בָּא אֶל־שָׁאוּל לֵאמֹר מַהֲרָה וְלֵכָה כִּֽי־פָשְׁטוּ פְלִשְׁתִּים עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
A messenger came to Shaul, saying, "Hurry and come, for the Philistines have spread out over the land!"
A messenger came to Shaul, saying, "Hurry and come, for the Philistines have spread out over the land!"
Rashi
ומלאך בא אל שאול. מלאך ממש, כדי להציל את דוד:
A messenger came. A real angel [in the guise of a messenger], in order to save Dovid.
וַיָּשׇׁב שָׁאוּל מִרְדֹף אַחֲרֵי דָוִד וַיֵּלֶךְ לִקְרַאת פְּלִשְׁתִּים עַל־כֵּן קָֽרְאוּ לַמָּקוֹם הַהוּא סֶלַע הַֽמַּחְלְקֽוֹת׃
So Shaul returned from pursuing Dovid, and he went toward the Philistines; therefore they named that place, "the Rock of Divisions."
So Shaul returned from pursuing Dovid, and he went toward the Philistines; therefore they named that place, "the Rock of Divisions."
Rashi
סלע המחלקות. שהיה לבו של שאול חלוק לשתי דעות, אם לשוב להציל את ארצו מיד פלשתים, או לרדוף ולתפוש את דוד, כן תרגמו יונתן:
The "Rock of Divisions." Shaul's heart was divided by two thoughts,6Or it may refer to the division among Shaul’s troops as to whether to pursue Dovid or to battle the Philistines.—Radak whether to return to save his country from the Philistines, or to pursue and catch Dovid; thus renders Targum Yonoson.
נכר אותו אלהים בידי. הסגיר, וכן (עובדיה א יב): אל תרא ביום אחיך ביום נכרו. וממשקל החזקים הוא, כמו (איכה ב ט): אבד ושבר בריחיה. ואם בקש לדבר במשקולת הרפים, היה נקוד נכר:
s God has given him into my hand. Meaning, delivered, and similarly, "And do not look on, on the day of your brother, on the day of his being delivered [נכרו]."1Ovadyoh 1:12. This is the conjugation of the strong [verbs e.g., Pi'el], as in, "He destroyed and broke her bars."2Eichah 2:9. If he desired to speak in the conjugation of the weak [verbs e.g., Kal], it would have been punctuated thus: נָכַר.